Advanced Commentary

(ex.: John 3:14-18)

Table of Contents Bible Dictionary
Arts
Questions
Resources/Books

Context
9:1 In the twelfth <06240> <08147> month <02320> (that <01931> is, the month <02320> of Adar <0143>), on its thirteenth <06240> <07969> day <03117>, the edict <01697> of the king <04428> and his law <01881> were to be executed <06213>. It was on this day <03117> that <0834> the enemies <0341> of the Jews <03064> had supposed <07663> that they would gain power over <07980> them. But contrary <02015> to expectations <01931>, the Jews <03064> gained power over <07980> their <01992> enemies <08130>. 9:2 The Jews <03064> assembled <06950> themselves in their cities <05892> throughout all <03605> the provinces <04082> of King <04428> Ahasuerus <0325> to strike out <07971> against <03027> those who were seeking <01245> their harm <07451>. No <03808> one <0376> was able to stand <05975> before <06440> them, for <03588> dread <06343> of them fell <05307> on <05921> all <03605> the peoples <05971>. 9:3 All <03605> the officials <08269> of the provinces <04082>, the satraps <0323>, the governors <06346> and those who <0834> performed <06213> the king’s <04428> business <04399> were assisting <05375> the Jews <03064>, for <03588> the dread <06343> of Mordecai <04782> had fallen <05307> on <05921> them. 9:4 Mordecai <04782> was of high rank <01419> in the king’s <04428> palace <01004>, and word about him <08089> was spreading <01980> throughout all <03605> the provinces <04082>. His influence continued to become greater <01980> and greater <01419>. 9:5 The Jews <03064> struck <05221> all <03605> their enemies <0341> with the sword <02719>, bringing death <02027> <04347> and destruction <012>, and they did <06213> as they pleased <07522> with their enemies <08130>. 9:6 In Susa <07800> the citadel <01002> the Jews <03064> killed <02026> and destroyed <06> five <02568> hundred <03967> men <0376>. 9:7 In addition, they also killed Parshandatha <06577>, Dalphon <01813>, Aspatha <0630>, 9:8 Poratha <06334>, Adalia <0118>, Aridatha <0743>, 9:9 Parmashta <06534>, Arisai <0747>, Aridai <0742>, and Vaizatha <02055>, 9:10 the ten <06235> sons <01121> of Haman <02001> son <01121> of Hammedatha <04099>, the enemy <06887> of the Jews <03064>. But they did not <03808> confiscate <03027> <07971> their property <0961>. 9:11 On that same day <03117> the number <04557> of those killed <02026> in Susa <07800> the citadel <01002> was brought <0935> to the king’s <04428> attention. 9:12 Then the king <04428> said <0559> to Queen <04436> Esther <0635>, “In Susa <07800> the citadel <01002> the Jews <03064> have killed <02026> and destroyed <06> five <02568> hundred <03967> men <0376> and the ten <06235> sons <01121> of Haman <02001>! What <04100> then have they done <06213> in the rest <07605> of the king’s <04428> provinces <04082>? What <04100> is your request <07596>? It shall be given <05414> to you. What <04100> other <05750> petition <01246> do you have? It shall be done <06213>.” 9:13 Esther <0635> replied <0559>, “If <0518> the king <04428> is so inclined <02896>, let the Jews <03064> who are in Susa <07800> be permitted <05414> to act <06213> tomorrow <04279> also <01571> according to today’s <03117> law <01881>, and let them hang <08518> the ten <06235> sons <01121> of Haman <02001> on <05921> the gallows <06086>.” 9:14 So <03651> the king <04428> issued orders <0559> for this to be done <06213>. A law <01881> was passed <05414> in Susa <07800>, and the ten <06235> sons <01121> of Haman <02001> were hanged <08518>.

• Est 9:1-17 -- The Jews Prevail over Their Enemies

• Israel

  [nave] ISRAEL 1. A name given to Jacob, Gen. 32:24-32; 2 Kin. 17:34; Hos. 12:3, 4. 2. A name of the Christ in prophecy, Isa. 49:3. 3. A name given to the descendants of Jacob, a nation. Called also Israelites, and Hebrews, Gen. 4...
  

• Minister

  [nave] MINISTER An officer in civil government. Joseph, Gen. 41:40-44; Ira, 2 Sam. 20:26; Zabud, 1 Kin. 4:5; Ahithophel, 1 Chr. 27:33; Zebadiah, 2 Chr. 19:11; Elkanah, 2 Chr. 28:7; Haman, Esth. 3:1; Mordecai, Esth. 10:3; 8-9; Danie...
  

• Month

  [nave] MONTH Ancient use of, Gen. 7:11; 8:4. Twelve months reckoned to a year, 1 Chr. 27:1-15. 1. Abib (April). The Jewish calendar began with, Ex. 12:2; 13:4; Deut. 16:1. Passover instituted and celebrated in, Ex. 12:1-28; 23:1...
  

• Mordecai

  [nave] MORDECAI A Jewish captive in Persia, Esth. 2:5, 6. Foster father of Esther, Esth. 2:7. Informs Ahasuerus of a conspiracy against his life, and is rewarded, Esth. 2:21-23; Esth. 6:1-11. Promoted in Haman's place, Esth. 8:1...
  

• Haman

  [nave] HAMAN Prime minister of Ahasuerus, Esth. 3:1. Plotted against Esther and the Jews, thwarted by Esther and Mordecai, hanged, Esth. 3-9.
  

• Retaliation

  [nave] RETALIATION. Ex. 21:23-25; Lev. 19:18; Lev. 24:17-22; Deut. 19:19-21; Psa. 10:2; Prov. 20:22; Prov. 24:29; Prov. 26:27; Isa. 33:1; Matt. 5:38-44; Matt. 7:1, 2; Luke 9:52-56; Rom. 12:17, 19; 1 Cor. 6:7, 8; 1 Thess. 5:15; 1 P...
  

• Servant

  [nave] SERVANT Distinguished as bond servant, who was a slave, and hired servant. Bond Laws of Moses concerning, Ex. 21:1-11, 20, 21, 26, 27, 32; Lev. 19:20-22; 25:6, 10, 35-55; Deut. 15:12, 14, 18; 24:7. Kidnapping forbidden, D...
  

• Esther

  [nave] ESTHER, called also Hadassah. Niece of Mordecai, Esth. 2:7, 15. Chosen queen, Esth. 2:17. Tells the king of the plot against his life, Esth. 2:22. Fasts on account of the decree to destroy the Israelites; accuses Haman to ...
  

• Parmashta

  [ebd] strong-fisted, a son of Haman, slain in Shushan (Esther 9:9).
  [isbe] PARMASHTA - par-mash'-ta (parmashta'; Septuagint Marmasima, or Marmasimna): One of the sons of Haman (Est 9:9).
  [smith] (superior), one of the ten sons of Haman slain by the Jews in Shushan. (Esther 9:9) (B.C. 473.)
  [nave] PARMASHTA, son of Haman, Esth. 9:9.
  

• Parshandatha

  [ebd] an interpreter of the law, the eldest of Haman's sons, slain in Shushan (Esther 9:7).
  [isbe] PARSHANDATHA - par-shan-da'-tha, par-shan'-da-tha (parshandatha; Septuagint Pharsan, or Pharsanestan; perhaps from the Persian fratsna-data, "given by prayer"): One of the sons of Haman (Est 9:7).
  [smith] (given by prayer), the eldest of Haman?s ten sons who were slain by the Jews in Shushan. (Esther 9:7) (B.C. 473.)
  [nave] PARSHANDATHA, son of Haman, Esth. 9:7.
  

• Poratha

  [isbe] PORATHA - po-ra'-tha, por'-a-tha (pora-tha'): One of the sons of Haman (Est 9:8). The etymology is uncertain; perhaps from the Persian purdata, "given by fate."
  [smith] one of the ten sons of Haman slain by the Jews in Shushan the palace. (Esther 9:8)
  [nave] PORATHA, son of Haman, Esth. 9:8.
  

• Dalphon

  [isbe] DALPHON - dal'-fon (dalphon, "crafty"): The second of the ten sons of Haman, slain by the Jews (Est 9:7).
  [smith] (swift), the second of the ten sons of Hamam (Esther 9:7) (B.C. 610.)
  [nave] DALPHON, son of Haman, Esth. 9:7.
  

• Aspatha

  [isbe] ASPATHA - as-pa'-tha ('acpatha'): One of the ten sons of Haman (Est 9:7) (Pers aspadata, "given by a sacred horse," according to Thesaurus, Add. 71, after Pott and Benfey).
  [smith] third son of Haman. (Esther 9:7)
  [nave] ASPATHA, son of Haman, Esth. 9:7.
  

• Vajezatha

  [ebd] purity; worthy of honour, one of Haman's sons, whom the Jews slew in the palace of Shushan (Esther 9:9).
  [smith] (strong as the wind), one of the ten sons of Haman whom the Jews slew in Shushan. (Esther 9:9) (B.C. 473.)
  [nave] VAJEZATHA, son of Haman, Esth. 9:9.
  

• Aridai

  [isbe] ARIDAI - ar'-i-di, a-rid'-a-i ('aridhay: a son of Haman (Est 9:9)): The name may be related to the Persian Hari-dayas, "delight of Hari"; the text is very uncertain.
  [smith] (the strong), ninth son of Haman. (Esther 9:9)
  [nave] ARIDAI, son of Haman, Esth. 9:9.
  

• Adalia

  [isbe] ADALIA - a-da-li'-a ('adhalya', probably a Persian name, meaning unknown): One of the ten sons of Haman who were put to death by the Jews (Est 9:8).
  [smith] (a fire-god), the fifth son of Haman. (Esther 9:8)
  [nave] ADALIA, son of Haman, Esth. 9:8.
  

• Arisai

  [isbe] ARISAI - ar'-i-sai, a-ris'-a-i ('aricai): Probably a Persian word of unknown meaning. One of Haman's sons, slain by the Jews (Est 9:9).
  [smith] (lion-like), eighth son of Haman. (Esther 9:9)
  [nave] ARISAI, son of Haman, Esth. 9:9.
  

• Aridatha

  [isbe] ARIDATHA - ar-i-da'-tha, a-rid'-a-tha ('aridhatha'): A son of Haman (Est 9:8). It may be related to the Persian Hari-data, "given by Hari." The Septuagint reads Pharadatha.
  [smith] sixth son of Haman. (Esther 9:8)
  [nave] ARIDATHA, son of Haman, Esth. 9:8.
  

• Shushan

  [isbe] SHUSHAN - shoo'-shan (shushan; Sousan, Sousa): 1. Position, Eytmology and Forms of Its Name: This city, the Susu or Susan of the Babylonians, and the native (Elamite) Susun, is the modern Shush (Sus) in Southwestern Persia, ...
  [nave] SHUSHAN 1. Capital of the Medo-Persian empire, Esth. 1:2, 3; 8:15. 2. King's palace at, Neh. 1:1; Esth. 1:2, 5; 2:5, 8; 4:8, 16; 8:14, 15; 9:11, 15.
  

• Adar

  [ebd] large, the sixth month of the civil and the twelfth of the ecclesiastical year of the Jews (Esther 3:7, 13; 8:12; 9:1, 15, 17, 19, 21). It included the days extending from the new moon of our March to the new moon of April. ...
  [nave] ADAR 1. Twelfth month in Jewish calendar, Ezra 6:15; Esth. 3:7; 8:12; 9:1. 2. Son of Bela, 1 Chr. 8:3. 3. See: Hazar-Addar.
  

Back to Commentary Page