Advanced Commentary

(ex.: John 3:14-18)

Table of Contents Bible Dictionary
Arts
Questions
Sermon Illustrations
Resources/Books

Context
39:1 From <04480> the blue <08504>, purple <0713>, and scarlet <08438> yarn <08144> they made <06213> woven <08278> garments <0899> for serving <08334> in the sanctuary <06944>; they made <06213> holy <06944> garments <0899> that <0834> were for Aaron <0175>, just <0834> as the Lord <03068> had commanded <06680> Moses <04872>. 39:2 He made <06213> the ephod <0646> of gold <02091>, blue <08504>, purple <0713>, scarlet <08144> <08438>, and fine <08336> twisted <07806> linen <08336>. 39:3 They hammered <07554> the gold <02091> into <08432> thin sheets <06341> and cut <07112> it into <08432> narrow strips <06616> to weave <06213> them into <08432> the blue <08504>, purple <0713>, and scarlet <08438> yarn <08144>, and into <08432> the fine linen <08336>, the work <04639> of an artistic designer <02803>. 39:4 They made <06213> shoulder pieces <03802> for it, attached <02266> to <05921> two <08147> of its corners <07118>, so it could be joined <02266> together. 39:5 The artistically woven waistband <02805> of the ephod <0642> that <0834> was on <05921> it was like it, of one piece with it, of gold <02091>, blue <08504>, purple <0713>, and scarlet <08438> yarn <08144> and fine <08336> twisted <07806> linen <08336>, just <0834> as the Lord <03068> had commanded <06680> Moses <04872>. 39:6 They set <06213> the onyx <07718> stones <068> in gold <02091> filigree <04865> settings <04142>, engraved <06605> as with the engravings <06605> of a seal <02368> with the names <08034> of the sons <01121> of Israel <03478>. 39:7 He put <07760> them on <05921> the shoulder pieces <03802> of the ephod <0646> as stones <068> of memorial <02146> for the Israelites <03478> <01121>, just as <0834> the Lord <03068> had commanded <06680> Moses <04872>. 39:8 He made <06213> the breastpiece <02833>, the work <04639> of an artistic designer <02803>, in the same fashion <04639> as the ephod <0646>, of gold <02091>, blue <08504>, purple <0713>, and <08438> scarlet <08144>, and fine <08336> twisted <07806> linen <08336>. 39:9 It was <01961> square <07251>– they made <06213> the breastpiece <02833> doubled <03717>, nine inches <02239> long <0753> and nine inches <02239> wide <07341> when doubled <03717>. 39:10 They set <04390> on it four <0702> rows <02905> of stones <068>: a row <02905> with a ruby <0124>, a topaz <06357>, and a beryl <01304>– the first <0259> row <02905>; 39:11 and the second <08145> row <02905>, a turquoise <05306>, a sapphire <05601>, and an emerald <03095>; 39:12 and the third <07992> row <02905>, a jacinth <03958>, an agate <07618>, and an amethyst <0306>; 39:13 and the fourth <07243> row <02905>, a chrysolite <08658>, an onyx <07718>, and a jasper <03471>. They were enclosed <04142> in gold <02091> filigree <04865> settings <04396>. 39:14 The stones <068> were for <05921> the names <08034> of the sons <01121> of Israel <03478>, twelve <06240> <08147>, corresponding <05921> to the number of their names <08034>. Each <0376> name <08034> corresponding <05921> to one of the twelve <06240> <08147> tribes <07626> was like the engravings <06603> of a seal <02368>. 39:15 They made <06213> for <05921> the breastpiece <02833> braided <04639> <01383> chains <08333> like cords <05688> of pure <02889> gold <02091>, 39:16 and they made <06213> two <08147> gold <02091> filigree settings <04865> and two <08147> gold <02091> rings <02885>, and they attached <05414> the two <08147> rings <02885> to the upper <05921> two <08147> ends <07098> of the breastpiece <02833>. 39:17 They attached <05414> the two <08147> gold <02091> chains <05688> to <05921> the two <08147> rings <02885> at <05921> the ends <07098> of the breastpiece <02833>; 39:18 the other two <08147> ends <07098> of the two <08147> chains <05688> they attached <05414> to <05921> the two <08147> settings <04865>, and they attached <05414> them to <05921> the shoulder pieces <03802> of the ephod <0646> at <0413> the front <06440> <04136> of it. 39:19 They made <06213> two <08147> rings <02885> of gold <02091> and put <07760> them on <05921> the other two <08147> ends <07098> of the breastpiece <02833> on <05921> its edge <08193>, which <0834> is on <0413> the inner <01004> side <05676> of the ephod <0646>. 39:20 They made <06213> two <08147> more gold <02091> rings <02885> and attached <05414> them to the bottom <04295> of the two <08147> shoulder pieces <03802> on the front <06440> <04136> of the ephod <0646>, close to <05980> the juncture <04225> above <04605> the waistband <02805> of the ephod <0646>.

• Exo 39:1 -- The Making of the Priestly Garments
• Exo 39:2-7 -- The Ephod
• Exo 39:8-21 -- The Breastpiece of Decision

• Priest

  [smith] The English word is derived from the Greek presbyter , signifying an "elder" (Heb. cohen). Origin. --The idea of a priesthood connects itself in all its forms, pure or corrupted, with the consciousness, more or less distinct ...
  [nave] PRIEST. Before Moses Melchizedek, Gen. 14:18; Heb. 5:6, 10, 11; 6:20; 7:1-21. Jethro, Ex. 2:16. Priests in Israel before the giving of the law, Ex. 19:22, 24. Called angel, Eccl. 5:6. Mosaic Ex. 28:1-4; 29:9, 44; Num....
  

• Colors

  [nave] COLORS Symbolical uses of. Black A Symbol of Affliction and Calamity. Job 3:5; Job 10:20-22; Job 30:26; Psa. 107:10, 11; Psa. 143:3; Isa. 5:30; Isa. 8:22; Isa. 9:19; Isa. 24:11; Isa. 50:3; Joel 2:6, 10; Joel 3:14, 15; Amos...
  

• Tabernacle

  [ebd] (1.) A house or dwelling-place (Job 5:24; 18:6, etc.). (2.) A portable shrine (comp. Acts 19:24) containing the image of Moloch (Amos 5:26; marg. and R.V., "Siccuth"). (3.) The human body (2 Cor. 5:1, 4); a tent, as opposed ...
  

• Gold

  [nave] GOLD Exported from Havilah, Gen. 2:11, 12. From Ophir, 1 Kin. 9:28; 10:11; 1 Chr. 29:4; 2 Chr. 8:18; Job 22:24; Tarshish, 1 Kin. 22:48; Parvaim, 2 Chr. 3:6; Sheba, 1 Kin. 10:10; 2 Chr. 9:9; Psa. 72:15; Uphaz, Jer. 10:9. Re...
  

• Israel

  [nave] ISRAEL 1. A name given to Jacob, Gen. 32:24-32; 2 Kin. 17:34; Hos. 12:3, 4. 2. A name of the Christ in prophecy, Isa. 49:3. 3. A name given to the descendants of Jacob, a nation. Called also Israelites, and Hebrews, Gen. 4...
  

• PRIEST, HIGH

  [isbe] PRIEST, HIGH - (ha-kohen, ho hiereus; ha-kohen ha-mashiach, ho hiereus ho christos; ha-kohen ha-gadhol, ho hiereus ho megas; kohen ha-ro'sh, ho hiereus hegoumenos; New Testament archiereus): I. INSTITUTION OF THE HIGH-PRIEST...
  

• Ephod

  [nave] EPHOD 1. A sacred vestment worn by the high priest. Described, Ex. 28:6-14, 31-35; 25:7. Making of, Ex. 39:2-26. Breastplate attached to, Ex. 28:22-29. Worn by Aaron, Ex. 39:5. Used as an oracle, 1 Sam. 23:9, 12; 30:7, 8...
  

• Breastplate

  [ebd] (1.) That piece of ancient armour that protected the breast. This word is used figuratively in Eph. 6:14 and Isa. 59:17. (See ARMOUR.) (2.) An ornament covering the breast of the high priest, first mentioned in Ex. 25:7. It ...
  [nave] BREASTPLATE 1. For high priest, Ex. 25:7. Directions for the making of, Ex. 28:15-30. Made by Bezaleel, Ex. 39:8, 21. Freewill offering of materials for, Ex. 35:9, 27. Worn by Aaron, Ex. 29:5; Lev. 8:8. 2. Armor for sol...
  

• Stones

  [nave] STONES Commandments engraved upon, Ex. 24:12; 31:18; 34:1-4; Deut. 4:13; 5:22; 9:9-11; 10:1-3. The law of Moses written upon, Josh. 8:32. Houses built of, Isa. 9:10; Amos 5:11. Temple built of, 1 Kin. 5:17, 18; 7:9-12; Ma...
  

• Engraving

  [nave] ENGRAVING In making idols, Ex. 32:4. On the stones set in the priest's breastplate, Ex. 28:9-11, 21, 36; 39:8-14; in the priest's girdle, Ex. 39:6; in the priest's crown, Ex. 39:30.
  

• High priest

  [ebd] Aaron was the first who was solemnly set apart to this office (Ex. 29:7; 30:23; Lev. 8:12). He wore a peculiar dress, which on his death passed to his successor in office (Ex. 29:29, 30). Besides those garments which he wore...
  

• TEN COMMANDMENTS, THE

  [isbe] TEN COMMANDMENTS, THE - I. THE TEN COMMANDMENTS, AN ISRAELITISH CODE II. THE PROMULGATON OF THE DECALOGUE III. ANALYSIS OF THE DECALOGUE WITH BRIEF EXEGETICAL NOTES 1. How Numbered 2. How Grouped 3. Original Form 4. Brief Ex...
  

• Seal

  [isbe] SEAL - sel (substantive chotham, "seal," "signet," Tabba`ath, "signet-ring"; Aramaic `izqa'; sphragis; verb chatham, (Aramaic chatham); (sphragizo), (katasphragizomai, "to seal"): I. Literal Sense. A seal is an instrument of...
  [smith] The importance attached to seals in the East is so great that without one no document is regarded as authentic. Among the methods of sealing used in Egypt at a very early period were engraved stones, graved stones, pierced th...
  [nave] SEAL 1. A stamp used for signifying documents. Given as a pledge, Gen. 38:18. Engraved, Ex. 28:11, 21, 36; 39:6, 14, 30; 2 Tim. 2:19. Decrees signified by, 1 Kin. 21:8; Esth. 8:8. Documents sealed with: Ahab's letter, 1 K...
  

• STONES, PRECIOUS

  [isbe] STONES, PRECIOUS - || 1. Ancient and Modern Names 2. Change of Signification of Names 3. Three Important Lists of Stones 4. Interpretation of Greek Names Used by John 5. Interpretation of Hebrew Names 6. Greek and Latin Equi...
  

• OUCHES

  [isbe] OUCHES - ouch'-ez, -iz (mishbetsoth (Ex 28:11,13,14,25; 39:6,13,16,18) the American Standard Revised Version "settings," but in Ex 39:13, "inclosings"): The secondary meaning of this now archaic word is the gold or silver se...
  

• IMAGES

  [isbe] IMAGES - im'-aj-iz (tselem; eikon): 1. Definition 2. Origin 3. Historical Beginnings and Early Developments 4. Bible References and Palestinian Customs 5. Most Important Technical Terms (1) Matstsebhah ("pillar") (2) 'Ashera...
  

• Ligure

  [ebd] (Heb. leshem) occurs only in Ex. 28:19 and 39:12, as the name of a stone in the third row on the high priest's breastplate. Some have supposed that this stone was the same as the jacinth (q.v.), others that it was the opal. ...
  [isbe] LIGURE - lig'-ur (Ex 28:19; 39:12 the King James Version, the Revised Version (British and American) "jacinth"). See STONES, PRECIOUS.
  [smith] (Heb. leshem), a precious stone mentioned in (Exodus 28:19; 39:12) as the first in the third row of the high priest?s breastplate. It is impossible to say, with any certainty, what stone is denoted by the Hebrew term; but per...
  [nave] LIGURE, a precious stone, Ex. 28:19; 39:12.
  

• SHOULDER-PIECE

  [isbe] SHOULDER-PIECE - shol'-der-pes (katheph): The word designates the two straps or pieces of cloth which passed from the back of the ephod (see EPHOD) of the high priest over the shoulder and were fastened at the front. These s...
  

• Diamond

  [ebd] (1.) A precious gem (Heb. yahalom', in allusion to its hardness), otherwise unknown, the sixth, i.e., the third in the second row, in the breastplate of the high priest, with the name of Naphtali engraven on it (Ex. 28:18; 3...
  [smith] (Heb. yahalom), a gem crystallized carbon, the most valued and brilliant of precious stones, remarkable for its hardness, the third precious stone in the second row on the breastplate of the high priest, (Exodus 28:18; 39:11)...
  [nave] DIAMOND, one of the jewels in the breastplate, Ex. 28:18; 39:11; Jer. 17:1; Ezek. 28:13.
  

• Amethyst

  [ebd] one of the precious stones in the breastplate of the high priest (Ex. 28:19; 39:12), and in the foundation of the New Jerusalem (Rev. 21:20). The ancients thought that this stone had the power of dispelling drunkenness in al...
  [smith] (Heb. achlamah) a subspecies of quartz of a bluish-violet color. Mention is made of this precious stone, which formed the third in the third row of the high priestly breastplate, in (Exodus 28:19; 39:12) It occurs also in (Re...
  [nave] AMETHYST, a precious stone, Ex. 28:19; 39:12; Rev. 21:20.
  

• The Garments

  

The Structure of the Tabernacle

Back to Commentary Page