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Text -- Romans 13:9 (NET)

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Context
13:9 For the commandments, “Do not commit adultery, do not murder, do not steal, do not covet,” (and if there is any other commandment) are summed up in this, “Love your neighbor as yourself.”
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Dictionary Themes and Topics: Theft | Rome | Romans, Epistle to the | Quotations and Allusions | PAULINE THEOLOGY | Neighbor | Love | Lies and Deceits | LAW IN THE NEW TESTAMENT | Homicide | Greed | Golden Rule | GATHER | Decalogue | Crime | Commandments | CRIME; CRIMES | COVET | COMPREHEND | Adultery | more
Table of Contents

Word/Phrase Notes
Robertson , Vincent , Wesley , JFB , Clarke , Calvin , Defender , TSK

Word/Phrase Notes
Barnes , Poole , Haydock , Gill

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes , Geneva Bible

Verse Range Notes
TSK Synopsis , Maclaren , MHCC , Matthew Henry , Barclay , Constable , College , McGarvey

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per phrase)

Robertson: Rom 13:9 - -- For this ( to gar ). For the article (to ) pointing to a sentence see note on Rom 8:26, here to the quotation. The order of the commandments here is...

For this ( to gar ).

For the article (to ) pointing to a sentence see note on Rom 8:26, here to the quotation. The order of the commandments here is like that in Luk 18:20; Jam 2:11 and in B for Deuteronomy 5, but different from that of the Hebrew in Ex 20; Deuteronomy 5. The use of ou with the volitive future in prohibitions in place of mē and the imperative or subjunctive is a regular Greek idiom.

Robertson: Rom 13:9 - -- And if there be any other ( kai ei tis hetera ). Paul does not attempt to give them all.

And if there be any other ( kai ei tis hetera ).

Paul does not attempt to give them all.

Robertson: Rom 13:9 - -- It is summed up ( anakephalaioutai ). Present passive indicative of anakephalaioō , late literary word or "rhetorical term"(ana , kephalaion , hea...

It is summed up ( anakephalaioutai ).

Present passive indicative of anakephalaioō , late literary word or "rhetorical term"(ana , kephalaion , head or chief as in Heb 8:1). Not in the papyri, but kephalaion , quite common for sum or summary. In N.T. only here and Eph 1:10.

Robertson: Rom 13:9 - -- Namely ( en tōi ). See to gar at the beginning of the verse, though omitted by B F. The quotation is from Lev 19:18. Quoted in Mat 5:43; Mat 22:3...

Namely ( en tōi ).

See to gar at the beginning of the verse, though omitted by B F. The quotation is from Lev 19:18. Quoted in Mat 5:43; Mat 22:39; Mar 12:31; Luk 10:27; Gal 5:14; Jam 2:8 it is called basilikos nomos (royal law).

Robertson: Rom 13:9 - -- Thy neighbour ( ton plēsion sou ). Plēsion is an adverb and with the article it means "the one near thee."See note on Mat 5:43.

Thy neighbour ( ton plēsion sou ).

Plēsion is an adverb and with the article it means "the one near thee."See note on Mat 5:43.

Vincent: Rom 13:9 - -- Thou shalt not commit adultery, etc. Omit thou shalt not bear false witness . The seventh commandment precedes the sixth, as in Mar 10...

Thou shalt not commit adultery, etc.

Omit thou shalt not bear false witness . The seventh commandment precedes the sixth, as in Mar 10:19; Luk 18:20; Jam 2:11.

Vincent: Rom 13:9 - -- It is briefly comprehended ( ἀνακεφαλαιοῦται ) Only here and Eph 1:10. Rev., it is summed up . Ἁνά has the forc...

It is briefly comprehended ( ἀνακεφαλαιοῦται )

Only here and Eph 1:10. Rev., it is summed up . Ἁνά has the force of again in the sense of recapitulation. Compare Lev 19:18. The law is normally a unit in which there is no real separation between the commandments. " Summed up in one word." The verb is compounded, not with κεφαλή head , but with its derivative κεφάλαιον the main point .

Vincent: Rom 13:9 - -- Namely thou shalt love, etc. ( ἐν τῷ ἀγαπήσεις ) The Greek idiom is, it is summed up in the thou shalt love , the...

Namely thou shalt love, etc. ( ἐν τῷ ἀγαπήσεις )

The Greek idiom is, it is summed up in the thou shalt love , the whole commandment being taken as a substantive with the definite article.

Vincent: Rom 13:9 - -- Neighbor ( τὸν πλησίον ) See on Mat 5:43.

Neighbor ( τὸν πλησίον )

See on Mat 5:43.

Wesley: Rom 13:9 - -- More particular.

More particular.

Wesley: Rom 13:9 - -- Toward our neighbour; as there are many in the law.

Toward our neighbour; as there are many in the law.

Wesley: Rom 13:9 - -- So that if you was not thinking of it, yet if your heart was full of love, you would fulfil it.

So that if you was not thinking of it, yet if your heart was full of love, you would fulfil it.

JFB: Rom 13:9 - -- Better thus: "For the [commandments], Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not covet, and whatever ot...

Better thus: "For the [commandments], Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not covet, and whatever other commandment [there may be], it is summed up," &c. (The clause, "Thou shalt not bear false witness," is wanting in all the most ancient manuscripts). The apostle refers here only to the second table of the law, as love to our neighbor is what he is treating of.

Clarke: Rom 13:9 - -- For this, Thou shalt not commit adultery - He that loves another will not deprive him of his wife, of his life, of his property, of his good name; a...

For this, Thou shalt not commit adultery - He that loves another will not deprive him of his wife, of his life, of his property, of his good name; and will not even permit a desire to enter into his heart which would lead him to wish to possess any thing that is the property of another: for the law - the sacred Scripture, has said: Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself

It is remarkable that ου ψευδομαρτυρησεις, thou shalt not bear false witness, is wanting here in ABDEFG, and several other MSS. Griesbach has left it out of the text. It is wanting also in the Syriac, and in several of the primitive fathers. The generality of the best critics think it a spurious reading.

Calvin: Rom 13:9 - -- 9.For this, Thou shalt not commit adultery, etc It cannot be from this passage concluded what precepts are contained in the second table, for he subj...

9.For this, Thou shalt not commit adultery, etc It cannot be from this passage concluded what precepts are contained in the second table, for he subjoins at the end, and if there be any other precept He indeed omits the command respecting the honoring of parents; and it may seem strange, that what especially belonged to his subject should have been passed by. But what if he had left it out, lest he should obscure his argument? Though I dare not to affirm this, yet I see here nothing wanting to answer the purpose he had in view, which was to show, — that since God intended nothing else by all his commandments than to teach us the duty of love, we ought by all means to strive to perform it. And yet the uncontentious reader will readily acknowledge, that Paul intended to prove, by things of a like nature, that the import of the whole law is, that love towards one another ought to be exercised by us, and that what he left to be implied is to be understood, and that is, — that obedience to magistrates is not the least thing which tends to nourish peace, to preserve brotherly love.

Defender: Rom 13:9 - -- The law has not been abrogated by Christ, but fulfilled by Him and its curse removed (Mat 5:17; Gal 3:13; 1Co 15:56, 1Co 15:57). All of God's ten comm...

The law has not been abrogated by Christ, but fulfilled by Him and its curse removed (Mat 5:17; Gal 3:13; 1Co 15:56, 1Co 15:57). All of God's ten commandments are repeated, in effect, in the New Testament (see note on Heb 4:9 relative to the law of the sabbath, which is sometimes said to be an exception to this). Here the commands of the second table of the law are cited, having to do with our responsibilities to our fellow men.

Defender: Rom 13:9 - -- In Mat 22:37-40, Jesus applies the commands of Deu 6:5 and Lev 19:18 as summarizing the first and second tables of the law, respectively (the first ta...

In Mat 22:37-40, Jesus applies the commands of Deu 6:5 and Lev 19:18 as summarizing the first and second tables of the law, respectively (the first table dealing with our responsibility to God). No one can be saved by keeping the law, but one who is saved by grace will love God's law and diligently seek to obey it."

TSK: Rom 13:9 - -- For this : Exo 20:12-17; Deu 5:16-21; Mat 19:18, Mat 19:19; Mar 10:19; Luk 18:20 covet : Rom 7:7, Rom 7:8 love : Lev 19:18, Lev 19:34; Mat 22:39; Mar ...

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per Verse)

Barnes: Rom 13:9 - -- For this - "This"which follows is the sum of the laws. "This"is to regulate us in our conduct toward our neighbor. The word "this"here stands o...

For this - "This"which follows is the sum of the laws. "This"is to regulate us in our conduct toward our neighbor. The word "this"here stands opposed to "that"in Rom 13:11. This law of love would prompt us to seek our neighbor’ s good; "that"fact, that our salvation is near, would prompt us to be active and faithful in the discharge of all the duties we owe to him.

Thou shalt not commit adultery - All the commands which follow are designed as an illustration of the duty of loving our neighbor; see these commands considered in the notes at Mat 19:18-19. The apostle has not enumerated "all"the commands of the second table. He has shown generally what they required. The command to honor our parents he has omitted. The reason might have been that it was not so immediately to his purpose when discoursing of love to a "neighbor"- a word which does not immediately suggest the idea of near relatives. The expression, "Thou shalt not bear false witness,"is rejected by the best critics as of doubtful authority, but it does not materially affect the spirit of the passage. It is missing in many manuscripts and in the Syriac version.

If there be any other commandment - The law respecting parents; or if there be any duty which does not seem to be "specified"by these laws, it is implied in the command to love our neighbor as ourselves.

It is briefly comprehended - Greek, It may be reduced to "this head;"or it is summed up in this.

In this saying - This word, or command,

Thou shalt love ... - This is found in Lev 19:18. See it considered in the notes at Mat 19:19. If this command were fulfilled, it would prevent all fraud, injustice, oppression, falsehood, adultery, murder, theft, and covetousness. It is the same as our Saviour’ s golden rule. And if every man would do to others as he would wish them to do to him, all the design of the Law would be at once fulfilled.

Poole: Rom 13:9 - -- This verse proves that love is the fulfilling of the law. It is done by an induction or enumeration of the particular precepts of the second table. ...

This verse proves that love is the fulfilling of the law. It is done by an induction or enumeration of the particular precepts of the second table. The fifth is not mentioned, because the Jews made that commandment a part of the first table; so some: or because he had treated before of duty to the higher powers and superiors, under which parents are comprehended; so others. It may be, he would only mention the negative precepts, as being most contrary to love. But, why doth he mention the seventh commandment before the sixth? Because of the commonness of adultery amongst the Romans; so some: because of the odiousness of it; so others. Hence

adultery is first named amongst the works of the flesh Gal 5:19 . Possibly it is, because the Seventy, in Exodus, rehearse the commandments in this very order. The tenth commandment is summed up in one word:

Thou shalt not covet it seems, then, it is but one commandment, and their opinion is ridiculous who divide it into two. When he says, if there be any

other commandment? He means a commandment of the same nature, requiring us to pay what we owe one to another; ergo, to honour our parents; or he means, any other in the Scripture, though not expressed in the decalogue. All commandments respecting our neighbour are summed up in this one:

Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: see Mat 22:39 Gal 5:14 1Ti 1:5 .

Haydock: Rom 13:8-9 - -- But that you love one another. This is a debt, says St. John Chrysostom, which we are always to be paying, and yet always remains, and is to be paid...

But that you love one another. This is a debt, says St. John Chrysostom, which we are always to be paying, and yet always remains, and is to be paid again. ---

He that loveth his neighbour, hath fulfilled the law. Nay, he that loves his neighbour, as he ought, loves him for God's sake, and so complies with the other great precept of loving God: and upon these two precepts (as Christ himself taught us, Matthew xxii. 40.) depends the whole law and the prophets. (Witham)

Gill: Rom 13:9 - -- For this, thou shalt not commit adultery,.... The apostle here reckons up the several laws of the second table, with this view, that it might appear t...

For this, thou shalt not commit adultery,.... The apostle here reckons up the several laws of the second table, with this view, that it might appear that so far as a man loves his neighbour, whether more near or distantly related, he fulfils the law, or acts according to it. He omits the first of these, the fifth commandment, either because he had urged this before, so far as it may be thought to regard magistrates; or because, according to the division of the Jews, who reckon five commands to each table, this belonged to the first: and he puts the seventh before the sixth, which is of no great moment; the order of things being frequently changed in the Scripture, and which is often done by Jewish writers, in alleging and citing passages of Scripture; and with whom this is a maxim, אין מוקדם ומאוחר בתורה, "that there is no first nor last in the law" c; that is, it is of no importance which stands first or last in it: it follows,

thou shall not kill, thou shalt not steal, thou shalt not bear false witness, thou shalt not covet; which are the sixth, eighth, ninth, and tenth commands of the decalogue, Exo 20:13,

and if there be any other commandment; of God, respecting the neighbour, either in the decalogue, as there was the fifth, Exo 20:12, or elsewhere, the apostle repeating this by memory:

it is briefly comprehended in this saying, namely, thou shall love thy neighbour as thyself; see Lev 19:18; this is the summary and epitome of them; so Christ reduces the laws of the first table to the head of love to God, and those of the second to the head of love to the neighbour, Mat 22:37, as the apostle does here, and in Gal 5:14, and the Apostle James, in Jam 2:8.

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Rom 13:9 A quotation from Lev 19:18.

Geneva Bible: Rom 13:9 For this, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, Thou shalt not covet; and if [...

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Commentary -- Verse Range Notes

TSK Synopsis: Rom 13:1-14 - --1 Subjection, and many other duties, we owe to the magistrates.8 Love is the fulfilling of the law.11 Gluttony and drunkenness, and the works of darkn...

Maclaren: Rom 13:8-14 - --Love And The Day Owe no man anything, but to love one another: for he that loveth another hath fulfilled the law. 9. For this, Thou shalt not commit ...

MHCC: Rom 13:8-10 - --Christians must avoid useless expense, and be careful not to contract any debts they have not the power to discharge. They are also to stand aloof fro...

Matthew Henry: Rom 13:7-10 - -- We are here taught a lesson of justice and charity. I. Of justice (Rom 13:7): Render therefore to all their dues, especially to magistrates, for t...

Barclay: Rom 13:8-10 - --The previous passage dealt with what might be called a man's public debts. Rom 13:7mentions two of these public debts. There is what Paul calls trib...

Constable: Rom 12:1--15:14 - --VI. THE PRACTICE OF GOD'S RIGHTEOUSNESS 12:1--15:13 In contrasting chapters 1-11 with chapters 12-16 of Romans, ...

Constable: Rom 13:1-14 - --C. Conduct within the state ch. 13 This chapter broadens the Christian's sphere of responsibility by ext...

Constable: Rom 13:8-10 - --2. Conduct toward unbelievers 13:8-10 Paul had previously glorified the importance of love among believers (12:9-10). Now he urged this attitude towar...

College: Rom 13:1-14 - --E. THE RELATION BETWEEN CITIZENS AND GOVERNMENT (13:1-7) In this section we have what appears to be an abrupt change of subject, as Paul turns his at...

McGarvey: Rom 13:9 - --For this [Paul here begins the statement of a first premise, and in the eleventh verse, with the words "and this," he begins the statement of a second...

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Introduction / Outline

Robertson: Romans (Book Introduction) The Epistle to the Romans Spring of a.d. 57 By Way of Introduction Integrity of the Epistle The genuineness of the Epistle is so generally adm...

JFB: Romans (Book Introduction) THE GENUINENESS of the Epistle to the Romans has never been questioned. It has the unbroken testimony of all antiquity, up to CLEMENT OF ROME, the apo...

JFB: Romans (Outline) INTRODUCTION. (Rom. 1:1-17) THE JEW UNDER LIKE CONDEMNATION WITH THE GENTILE. (Rom. 2:1-29) JEWISH OBJECTIONS ANSWERED. (Rom 3:1-8) THAT THE JEW IS S...

TSK: Romans (Book Introduction) The Epistle to the Romans is " a writing," says Dr. Macknight, " which, for sublimity and truth of sentiment, for brevity and strength of expression,...

TSK: Romans 13 (Chapter Introduction) Overview Rom 13:1, Subjection, and many other duties, we owe to the magistrates; Rom 13:8, Love is the fulfilling of the law; Rom 13:11, Gluttony ...

Poole: Romans 13 (Chapter Introduction) CHAPTER 13

MHCC: Romans (Book Introduction) The scope or design of the apostle in writing to the Romans appears to have been, to answer the unbelieving, and to teach the believing Jew; to confir...

MHCC: Romans 13 (Chapter Introduction) (Rom 13:1-7) The duty of subjection to governors. (Rom 13:8-10) Exhortations to mutual love. (Rom 13:11-14) To temperance and sobriety.

Matthew Henry: Romans (Book Introduction) An Exposition, with Practical Observations, of The Epistle of St. Paul to the Romans If we may compare scripture with scripture, and take the opinion ...

Matthew Henry: Romans 13 (Chapter Introduction) There are three good lessons taught us in this chapter, where the apostle enlarges more upon his precepts than he had done in the foregoing chapter...

Barclay: Romans (Book Introduction) A GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE LETTERS OF PAUL The Letters Of Paul There is no more interesting body of documents in the New Testament than the letter...

Barclay: Romans 13 (Chapter Introduction) The Christian And The State (Rom_13:1-7) The Debts Which Must Be Paid And The Debt Which Never Can Be Paid (Rom_13:8-10) The Threat Of Time (Rom_1...

Constable: Romans (Book Introduction) Introduction Historical Background Throughout the history of the church, from postapos...

Constable: Romans (Outline) Outline I. Introduction 1:1-17 A. Salutation 1:1-7 1. The writer 1:1 ...

Constable: Romans Romans Bibliography Alford, Henry. The Greek Testament. 4 vols. New ed. Cambridge: Rivingtons, 1881. ...

Haydock: Romans (Book Introduction) THE EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL, THE APOSTLE, TO THE ROMANS. INTRODUCTION. After the Gospels, which contain the history of Christ, and the Acts of...

Gill: Romans (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO ROMANS Though this epistle is in order placed the first of the epistles, yet it was not first written: there were several epistles ...

Gill: Romans 13 (Chapter Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO ROMANS 13 The principal things contained in this chapter, enjoined the saints, are the duties of subjection to magistrates, love to...

College: Romans (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION I. ROMANS: ITS INFLUENCE AND IMPORTANCE God's Word is a lamp to our feet and a light for our path (Ps 119:105), and no part of it shine...

College: Romans (Outline) VIII. OUTLINE PROLOGUE - 1:1-17 I. EPISTOLARY GREETING - 1:1-7 A. The Author Introduces Himself - 1:1 1. A Slave of Christ Jesus 2. Call...

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