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Text -- Revelation 12:7 (NET)

Strongs On/Off
Context
War in Heaven
12:7 Then war broke out in heaven: Michael and his angels fought against the dragon, and the dragon and his angels fought back.
Parallel   Cross Reference (TSK)   ITL  

Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Michael a chief angel; an archangel,father of Sethur, of Asher, who helped spy out Canaan,son of Abihail; a founding father of one of the clans of Gad,son of Jeshishai of the tribe of Gad,son of Baaseiah, of Gershom of Levi; ancestor of Asaph,son of Izrahiah of Issachar,son of Beriah of Benjamin,one of Saul's commanders from Manasseh who defected to David,a man of Issachar in Saul and David's time. The father of Omri, who was the officer over the tribe of Issachar.,son of king Jehoshaphat,father of Zebadiah who lead the Shephatiah Clan back from exile,an angel


Dictionary Themes and Topics: War | Vision | SATAN | REVELATION OF JOHN | Michael | Meteorology and Celestial Phenomena | Jesus, The Christ | Heaven | Demons | Daemon | DRAGON | Angel | Adultery | ASTRONOMY, II | ANGELS | more
Table of Contents

Word/Phrase Notes
Robertson , Vincent , Wesley , JFB , Clarke , Defender , TSK

Word/Phrase Notes
Barnes , Poole , PBC , Gill

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes , Geneva Bible

Verse Range Notes
TSK Synopsis , MHCC , Matthew Henry , Barclay , Constable , College

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per phrase)

Robertson: Rev 12:7 - -- There was war in heaven ( egeneto polemos en tōi ouranōi ). "There came to be war in heaven"(egeneto , not ēn ). "Another tableau , not a sē...

There was war in heaven ( egeneto polemos en tōi ouranōi ).

"There came to be war in heaven"(egeneto , not ēn ). "Another tableau , not a sēmeion (Rev 12:1, Rev 12:3), but consequent upon the two sēmeia which precede it. The birth and rapture of the Woman’ s Son issue in a war which invades the epourania "(Swete). The reference is not to the original rebellion of Satan, as Andreas held. As the coming of Christ brought on fresh manifestations of diabolic power (Mar 1:13; Luk 22:3, Luk 22:31; Joh 12:31; Joh 14:30; Joh 16:11), just so Christ’ s return to heaven is pictured as being the occasion of renewed attacks there. We are not to visualize it too literally, but certainly modern airplanes help us to grasp the notion of battles in the sky even more than the phalanxes of storm-clouds (Swete). John even describes this last conflict as in heaven itself. Cf. Luk 10:18; 1Ki 22:1.; Job 1; Job 2:1-13; Zec 3:1.

Robertson: Rev 12:7 - -- Michael and his angels ( ho Michaēl kai hoi aggeloi autou ). The nominative here may be in apposition with polemos , but it is an abnormal construc...

Michael and his angels ( ho Michaēl kai hoi aggeloi autou ).

The nominative here may be in apposition with polemos , but it is an abnormal construction with no verb, though egeneto (arose) can be understood as repeated. Michael is the champion of the Jewish people (Dan 10:13, Dan 10:21; Dan 12:1) and is called the archangel in Jud 1:9.

Robertson: Rev 12:7 - -- Going forth to war ( tou polemēsai ). This genitive articular infinitive is another grammatical problem in this sentence. If egeneto (arose) is r...

Going forth to war ( tou polemēsai ).

This genitive articular infinitive is another grammatical problem in this sentence. If egeneto (arose) is repeated as above, then we have the infinitive for purpose, a common enough idiom. Otherwise it is anomalous, not even like Act 10:25.

Robertson: Rev 12:7 - -- With the dragon ( meta tou drakontos ). On the use of meta with polemeō see Rev 2:16; Rev 13:4; Rev 17:14 (nowhere else in N.T.). The devil has...

With the dragon ( meta tou drakontos ).

On the use of meta with polemeō see Rev 2:16; Rev 13:4; Rev 17:14 (nowhere else in N.T.). The devil has angels under his command (Mat 25:41) and preachers also (2Co 11:14.).

Robertson: Rev 12:7 - -- Warred ( epolemēsen ). Constative aorist active indicative of polemeō , picturing the whole battle in one glimpse.

Warred ( epolemēsen ).

Constative aorist active indicative of polemeō , picturing the whole battle in one glimpse.

Vincent: Rev 12:7 - -- There was ( ἐγένετο ) Lit., there arose .

There was ( ἐγένετο )

Lit., there arose .

Vincent: Rev 12:7 - -- War in heaven Compare 1 Kings 22; Job 1, Job 2:1-13; Zec 3:1-10; Luk 10:18.

War in heaven

Compare 1 Kings 22; Job 1, Job 2:1-13; Zec 3:1-10; Luk 10:18.

Vincent: Rev 12:7 - -- Michael See Dan 10:13, Dan 10:21; Dan 12:1; and see on Jud 1:9.

Michael

See Dan 10:13, Dan 10:21; Dan 12:1; and see on Jud 1:9.

Vincent: Rev 12:7 - -- Fought ( ἐπολέμησαν ) The correct reading is τοῦ πολεμῆσαι to fight . So Rev., " going forth to war again...

Fought ( ἐπολέμησαν )

The correct reading is τοῦ πολεμῆσαι to fight . So Rev., " going forth to war against the dragon (κατὰ τοῦ δράκοντος ). The correct reading is μετά with .

Wesley: Rev 12:7 - -- Here Satan makes his grand opposition to the kingdom of God; but an end is now put to his accusing the saints before God. The cause goes against him, ...

Here Satan makes his grand opposition to the kingdom of God; but an end is now put to his accusing the saints before God. The cause goes against him, Rev 12:10-11, and Michael executes the sentence. That Michael is a created angel, appears from his not daring, in disputing with Satan, Jud 1:9, to bring a railing accusation; but only saying, "The Lord rebuke thee." And this modesty is implied in his very name; for Michael signifies, "Who is like God?" which implies also his deep reverence toward God, and distance from all self - exaltation. Satan would be like God: the very name of Michael asks, "Who is like God?" Not Satan; not the highest archangel. It is he likewise that is afterward employed to seize, bind, and imprison that proud spirit.

JFB: Rev 12:7 - -- In Job 1:6-11; Job 2:1-6, Satan appears among the sons of God, presenting himself before God in heaven, as the accuser of the saints: again in Zec 3:1...

In Job 1:6-11; Job 2:1-6, Satan appears among the sons of God, presenting himself before God in heaven, as the accuser of the saints: again in Zec 3:1-2. But at Christ's coming as our Redeemer, he fell from heaven, especially when Christ suffered, rose again, and ascended to heaven. When Christ appeared before God as our Advocate, Satan, the accusing adversary, could no longer appear before God against us, but was cast out judicially (Rom 8:33-34). He and his angels henceforth range through the air and the earth, after a time (namely, the interval between the ascension and the second advent) about to be cast hence also, and bound in hell. That "heaven" here does not mean merely the air, but the abode of angels, appears from Rev 12:9-10, Rev 12:12; 1Ki 22:19-22.

JFB: Rev 12:7 - -- Greek, "there came to pass," or "arose."

Greek, "there came to pass," or "arose."

JFB: Rev 12:7 - -- What a seeming contradiction in terms, yet true! Contrast the blessed result of Christ's triumph, Luk 19:38, "peace in heaven." Col 1:20, "made peace ...

What a seeming contradiction in terms, yet true! Contrast the blessed result of Christ's triumph, Luk 19:38, "peace in heaven." Col 1:20, "made peace through the blood of His cross, by Him to reconcile all things unto Himself; whether . . . things in earth, or things in heaven."

JFB: Rev 12:7 - -- It was fittingly ordered that, as the rebellion arose from unfaithful angels and their leader, so they should be encountered and overcome by faithful ...

It was fittingly ordered that, as the rebellion arose from unfaithful angels and their leader, so they should be encountered and overcome by faithful angels and their archangel, in heaven. On earth they are fittingly encountered, and shall be overcome, as represented by the beast and false prophet, by the Son of man and His armies of human saints (Rev 19:14-21). The conflict on earth, as in Dan 10:13, has its correspondent conflict of angels in heaven. Michael is peculiarly the prince, or presiding angel, of the Jewish nation. The conflict in heaven, though judicially decided already against Satan from the time of Christ's resurrection and ascension, receives its actual completion in the execution of judgment by the angels who cast out Satan from heaven. From Christ's ascension he has no standing-ground judicially against the believing elect. Luk 10:18, "I beheld (in the earnest of the future full fulfilment given in the subjection of the demons to the disciples) Satan as lightning fall from heaven." As Michael fought before with Satan about the body of the mediator of the old covenant (Jud 1:9), so now the mediator of the new covenant, by offering His sinless body in sacrifice, arms Michael with power to renew and finish the conflict by a complete victory. That Satan is not yet actually and finally cast out of heaven, though the judicial sentence to that effect received its ratification at Christ's ascension, appears from Eph 6:12, "spiritual wickedness in high (Greek, 'heavenly') places." This is the primary Church-historical sense here. But, through Israel's unbelief, Satan has had ground against that, the elect nation, appearing before God as its accuser. At the eve of its restoration, in the ulterior sense, his standing-ground in heaven against Israel, too, shall be taken from him, "the Lord that hath chosen Jerusalem" rebuking him, and casting him out from heaven actually and for ever by Michael, the prince, or presiding angel of the Jews. Thus Zec 3:1-9 is strictly parallel, Joshua, the high priest, being representative of his nation Israel, and Satan standing at God's fight hand as adversary to resist Israel's justification. Then, and not till then, fully (Rev 12:10, "NOW," &c.) shall ALL things be reconciled unto Christ IN HEAVEN (Col 1:20), and there shall be peace in heaven (Luk 19:38).

JFB: Rev 12:7 - -- A, B, and C read, "with."

A, B, and C read, "with."

Clarke: Rev 12:7 - -- There was war in heaven - In the same treatise, fol. 87, 2, on Exo 14:7, Pharaoh took six hundred chariots, we have these words: "There was war amon...

There was war in heaven - In the same treatise, fol. 87, 2, on Exo 14:7, Pharaoh took six hundred chariots, we have these words: "There was war among those above and among those below, והמלחמה היתה חזקה בשמים vehammilchamaĥ hayethah chazakah bashshamayim , and there was great war in heaven."Of Michael the rabbins are full. See much in Schoettgen, and see the note on Jud 1:9

Clarke: Rev 12:7 - -- The dragon - and his angels - The same as Rab. Sam. ben David, in Chasad Shimuel, calls סמאל וחיילותיו Samael vechayilothaiv , "Samael...

The dragon - and his angels - The same as Rab. Sam. ben David, in Chasad Shimuel, calls סמאל וחיילותיו Samael vechayilothaiv , "Samael and his troops;"fol. 28, 2

Rev 12:7 per John Edward Clark

Clarke: Rev 12:7 - -- And there was war in heaven - As heaven means here the throne of the Roman empire, the war in heaven consequently alludes to the breaking out of civi...

And there was war in heaven - As heaven means here the throne of the Roman empire, the war in heaven consequently alludes to the breaking out of civil commotions among the governors of this empire

Clarke: Rev 12:7 - -- Michael and his angels fought against the dragon - Michael was the man child which the woman brought forth, as is evident from the context, and ther...

Michael and his angels fought against the dragon - Michael was the man child which the woman brought forth, as is evident from the context, and therefore signifies, as has been shown already, the dynasty of Christian Roman emperors. This dynasty is represented by Michael, because he is "the great prince which standeth for the children of God’ s people."Dan 12:1

Clarke: Rev 12:7 - -- And the dragon fought and his angels - Or ministers.

And the dragon fought and his angels - Or ministers.

Defender: Rev 12:7 - -- At this time of Jewish persecution, the archangel Michael will "stand up" for them (Dan 12:1), and this will result in a great war in heaven - probabl...

At this time of Jewish persecution, the archangel Michael will "stand up" for them (Dan 12:1), and this will result in a great war in heaven - probably in the atmospheric heaven, which had been Satan's domain, where the Lord has met with His redeemed and raptured saints. There Satan and his angels will be defeated and cast permanently down to the earth (Rev 12:9). How this war will be fought has not been revealed, but both faithful and fallen angels have tremendous energies and powers, of which humans have little comprehension."

TSK: Rev 12:7 - -- war : Rev 13:7, Rev 19:11-20; Isa 34:5; Eph 6:12 *Gr. Michael : Isa 55:4; Dan 10:13, Dan 10:21, Dan 12:1; Heb 2:10; Jud 1:9 and his : Mat 13:41, Mat 1...

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per Verse)

Barnes: Rev 12:7 - -- And there was war in heaven - There was a state of things existing in regard to the woman and the child - the church in the condition in which ...

And there was war in heaven - There was a state of things existing in regard to the woman and the child - the church in the condition in which it would then be - which would be well represented by a war in heaven; that is, by a conflict between the powers of good and evil, of light and darkness. Of course it is not necessary to understand this literally, anymore than the other symbolical representations in the book. All that is meant is, that a vision passed before the mind of John as if there was a conflict, in regard to the church, between the angels in heaven and Satan. There is a vision of the persecuted church - of the woman fleeing into the desert - and the course of the narrative is here interrupted by going back Rev 12:7-13 to describe the conflict which led to this result, and the fact that Satan, as it were cast out of heaven, and unable to achieve a victory there, was suffered to vent his malice against the church on earth. The seat of this warfare is said to be heaven. This language sometimes refers to heaven as it appears to us - the sky - the upper regions of the atmosphere, and some have supposed that that was the place of the contest. But the language in Rev 11:19; Rev 12:1 (see the notes on those places), would rather lead us to refer it to heaven considered as lying beyond the sky. This accords, too, with other representations in the Bible, where Satan is described as appearing before God, and among the sons of God. See the notes on Job 1:6. Of course this is not to be understood as a real transaction, but as a symbolical representation of the contest between good and evil - as if there was a war waged in heaven between Satan and the leader of the heavenly hosts.

Michael - There have been very various opinions as to who Michael is. Many Protestant interpreters have supposed that Christ is meant. The reasons usually alleged for this opinion, many of which are very fanciful, may be seen in Hengstenberg (Die Offenbarung des heiliges Johannes), 1:611-622. The reference to Michael here is probably derived from Dan 10:13; Dan 12:1. In those places he is represented as the guardian angel of the people of God; and it is in this sense, I apprehend, that the passage is to be understood here. There is no evidence in the name itself, or in the circumstances referred to, that Christ is intended; and if he had been, it is inconceivable why he was not referred to by his own name, or by some of the usual appellations which John gives him. Michael, the archangel, is here represented as the guardian of the church, and as contending against Satan for its protection. Compare the notes on Dan 10:13. This representation accords with the usual statements in the Bible respecting the interposition of the angels in behalf of the church (see the notes on Heb 1:14), and is one which cannot be proved to be unfounded. All the analogies which throw any light on the subject, as well as the uniform statements of the Bible, lead us to suppose that good beings of other worlds feel an interest in the welfare of the redeemed church below.

And his angels - The angels under him. Michael is represented as the archangel, and all the statements in the Bible suppose that the heavenly hosts are distributed into different ranks and orders. See the Jud 1:9 note; Eph 1:21 note. If Satan is permitted to make war against the church, there is no improbability in supposing that, in those higher regions where the war is carried on, and in those aspects of it which lie beyond the power and the knowledge of man, good angels should be employed to defeat his plans.

Fought - See the notes on Jud 1:9.

Against the dragon - Against Satan. See the notes at Rev 12:3.

And the dragon fought and his angels - That is, the master-spirit - Satan, and those under him. See the notes on Mat 4:1. Of the nature of this warfare nothing is definitely stated. Its whole sphere lies beyond mortal vision, and is carried on in a manner of which we can have little conception. What weapons Satan may use to destroy the church, and in what way his efforts may be counteracted by holy angels, are points on which we can have little knowledge. It is sufficient to know that the fact of such a struggle is not improbable, and that Satan is successfully resisted by the leader of the heavenly host.

Poole: Rev 12:7 - -- And there was war in heaven: by heaven, in this place, doubtless is meant the church of God; and supposing that the pagan emperors are to be under...

And there was war in heaven: by heaven, in this place, doubtless is meant the church of God; and supposing that the pagan emperors are to be understood by the dragon, ( which is pretty generally agreed), there can be no great doubt, but by this war in heaven, is to be understood those persecutions which the primitive church endured between the years 64 and 310.

Michael and his angels fought against the dragon, and the dragon fought and his angels: the two parties were the pagan emperors, and their officers, and party, and Michael and his angels. But who is here meant by Michael and his angels? Some, by this Michael, understand a principal angel called the archangel, Jud 1:9 , one of the chief princes, Dan 10:13 . Others, by Michael here understand Christ himself, who, they think, is understood by Michael, Dan 12:1 . The matter is not much; it is most certain that the battle is not ours, but Christ’ s. It is as certain that Christ exerciseth his power by his angels, and that they have a ministration about his church. The meaning is no more than this, that Christ and his party opposed the pagan persecutors and their party.

PBC: Rev 12:7 - -- Re 12:7 And there was war in heaven (heavenly places): Michael and his angels fought against the dragon; and the dragon fought and his angels, Re 12:...

Re 12:7 And there was war in heaven (heavenly places): Michael and his angels fought against the dragon; and the dragon fought and his angels,

Re 12:8 And prevailed not; neither was their place found any more in heaven [heavenly places].

Re 12:9 And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him.

Satan meets wherever God’s people meet. In Job 1:7, God asked Satan where he had been. The reply was " From going to and fro in the earth, and from walking up and down in it." However, Satan is not allowed to prevail in the congregation of the righteous. He is cast again into the earth, his only dominion of deceit. -Eld. Charles Taylor

Gill: Rev 12:7 - -- And there was war in heaven,.... Not in the third heaven, the habitation of God, the seat of the angels and glorified saints, there is no discord, jar...

And there was war in heaven,.... Not in the third heaven, the habitation of God, the seat of the angels and glorified saints, there is no discord, jars, and contentions there, nothing but peace, love, and joy; but in the church below, which is militant, and has in it as it were a company of two armies; or rather in the Roman empire, which was the heaven of Satan, the god of this world, and of his angels; and this war refers not to the dispute between Michael the archangel and the devil about the body of Moses, Jud 1:9; nor to the of the angels when they rebelled against God, left their first estate, and were cast down to hell, Jud 1:6; nor to that ancient and stated enmity between the seed of the serpent and the seed of the woman, Gen 3:15, which has appeared in all ages of time, more or less, since the fall of Adam; nor to the combats which Christ personally had with Satan and his powers when here on earth, as in the wilderness, immediately after his baptism, and in the garden, a little before his death, and on the cross, when he spoiled principalities and powers, and destroyed him that had the power of death, the devil; but rather to the conflict which Christ and his people had with the rulers of the darkness of this world, with the Roman powers, and with false teachers during the three first centuries; though it seems best to understand it of the war commenced by Constantine against Paganism, and which was finished by Theodosius, by whom Heathenism received its death wound, and was never restored since the phrase of war in heaven is not unknown to the Jews; they say i when Pharaoh pursued after Israel, there was war above and below, and there was a very fierce war בשמים, "in heaven":

Michael and his angels fought against the dragon: by whom is meant not a created angel, with whom his name does not agree, it signifying "who is as God"; nor does it appear that there is anyone created angel that presides over the rest, and has them at his command; though the Jews seem to imagine as if the angels were ranged under several heads and governors, of whom they make Michael to be one; for they say k,

"when the holy blessed God descended on Mount Sinai, several companies of angels descended with him, מיכאל וחבורתו, "Michael and his company", and Gabriel and his company:''

"so kings armies", in Psa 68:12; are by them interpreted of "kings of angels"; and it is asked who are these? and the answer is, Michael and Gabriel l. Lord Napier thinks that the Holy Ghost is designed, who is equally truly God as the Father and the Son, and who in the hearts of the saints opposes Satan and his temptations; but it seems best to interpret it of Jesus Christ, who is equal with God, is his fellow, is one with the Father, and in whom the fulness of the Godhead dwells bodily: he is the Archangel, the first of the chief princes, the head of all principality and power, who is on the side of the Lord's people, pleads their cause, defends their persons, and saves them; see Jud 1:9; and by "his angels" may be meant either the good angels, literally understood, who are his creatures, his ministers, and whom he employs under him, in protecting his people, and in destroying his enemies; or else the ministers of the Gospel, who are called angels in this book, and who, under Christ, fight the good fight of faith, contend earnestly for it, being valiant for the truth upon earth; or rather the Christian emperors, particularly Constantine and Theodosius, and the Christians with them, who opposed Paganism in the empire, and at last subdued, and cast it out:

and the dragon fought, and his angels; there is such an order among the evil angels, as to have one of their own at the head of them, they having cast off their allegiance to God and Christ, who is styled the prince of devils, and his name is Beelzebub: hence we read of the devil and his angels; see Mat 12:24; and these may be intended here, unless false teachers, who transform themselves into angels of light, as their leader sometimes does, should be thought to be meant, who resist the truth and oppose themselves to the ministers of it; though rather, Satan as presiding over, and influencing the Roman Pagan empire, and the Roman emperors, who acted under him, are here designed; with whom Constantine and Theodosius, under Christ, combated, such as Maximinus, Maxentius, Licinius, Arbogastes, and Eugenius, and those that were with them. The Arabic version renders it, "the serpent with his soldiers".

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Rev 12:7 The archangel Michael had a special role in protecting the nation of Israel in the OT (Dan 10:13, 21; 12:1; see also Jude 9).

Geneva Bible: Rev 12:7 And there was war in heaven: ( 14 ) Michael and his angels fought against the dragon; and the dragon fought and his angels, ( 14 ) Christ is the Prin...

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Commentary -- Verse Range Notes

TSK Synopsis: Rev 12:1-17 - --1 A woman clothed with the sun travails.4 The great red dragon stands before her, ready to devour her child;6 when she is delivered she flees into the...

MHCC: Rev 12:7-11 - --The attempts of the dragon proved unsuccessful against the church, and fatal to his own interests. The seat of this war was in heaven; in the church o...

Matthew Henry: Rev 12:1-11 - -- Here we see that early prophecy eminently fulfilled in which God said he would put enmity between the seed of the woman and the seed of the serpent...

Barclay: Rev 12:7-9 - --Here we have the picture of war in heaven between the Dragon, the Ancient Serpent, the Devil, Satan--all these names describe the one evil being--a...

Constable: Rev 4:1--22:6 - --III. THE REVELATION OF THE FUTURE 4:1--22:5 John recorded the rest of this book to reveal those aspects of the f...

Constable: Rev 12:1--13:18 - --H. Supplementary revelation of Satan's activity in the Great Tribulation chs. 12-13 God gave John knowle...

Constable: Rev 12:1-17 - --1. The activity of Satan himself 12:1-17 God gave John revelation of Satan's activity, especiall...

Constable: Rev 12:7-12 - --The dragon's expulsion from heaven 12:7-12 12:7 Michael the archangel (Jude 9) is the leader of God's angelic army. He is Israel's special patron (Dan...

College: Rev 12:1-17 - --REVELATION 12 D. THE THIRD VISION OF THE FUTURE (12:1-22:6) 1. The Structure of the Third Vision John's third vision of the future appears in Revel...

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Introduction / Outline

Robertson: Revelation (Book Introduction) THE REVELATION OF JOHN ABOUT a.d. 95 By Way of Introduction Difficulty in the Problem Perhaps no single book in the New Testament presents so ...

JFB: Revelation (Book Introduction) AUTHENTICITY.--The author calls himself John (Rev 1:1, Rev 1:4, Rev 1:9; Rev 2:8). JUSTIN MARTYR [Dialogue with Trypho, p. 308] (A.D. 139-161) quotes ...

JFB: Revelation (Outline) TITLE: SOURCE AND OBJECT OF THIS REVELATION: BLESSING ON THE READER AND KEEPER OF IT, AS THE TIME IS NEAR: INSCRIPTION TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES: APOSTOL...

TSK: Revelation (Book Introduction) The obscurity of this prophecy, which has been urged against its genuineness, necessarily results from the highly figurative and symbolical language i...

TSK: Revelation 12 (Chapter Introduction) Overview Rev 12:1, A woman clothed with the sun travails; Rev 12:4, The great red dragon stands before her, ready to devour her child; Rev 12:6, w...

Poole: Revelation 12 (Chapter Introduction) CHAPTER 12

MHCC: Revelation (Book Introduction) The Book of the Revelation of St. John consists of two principal divisions. 1. Relates to " the things which are," that is, the then present state of...

MHCC: Revelation 12 (Chapter Introduction) (Rev 12:1-6) A description of the church of Christ and of Satan, under the figures of a woman and of a great red dragon. (Rev 12:7-12) Michael and hi...

Matthew Henry: Revelation (Book Introduction) An Exposition, with Practical Observations, of The Revelation of St. John the Divine It ought to be no prejudice to the credit and authority of this b...

Matthew Henry: Revelation 12 (Chapter Introduction) It is generally agreed by the most learned expositors that the narrative we have in this and the two following chapters, from the sounding of the s...

Barclay: Revelation (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO THE REVELATION OF JOHN The Strange Book When a student of the New Testament embarks upon the study of the Revelation he feels him...

Barclay: Revelation 12 (Chapter Introduction) The Woman And The Beast (Rev_12:1-17) It is necessary to read this chapter as a whole before we examine it in detail. 12:1-17 A great sign appeared ...

Constable: Revelation (Book Introduction) Introduction Historical background The opening verses of the book state that "John" wr...

Constable: Revelation (Outline) Outline I. The preparation of the prophet ch. 1 A. The prologue of the book 1:1-8 ...

Constable: Revelation Revelation Bibliography Abbott-Smith, George. A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. Edinburgh: T. & ...

Haydock: Revelation (Book Introduction) THE APOCALYPSE OF ST. JOHN, THE APOSTLE. INTRODUCTION. Though some in the first ages [centuries] doubted whether this book was canonical, and ...

Gill: Revelation (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO REVELATION That this book was written by the Apostle and Evangelist John, is clear not only from the express mention of his name, a...

Gill: Revelation 12 (Chapter Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO REVELATION 12 This chapter contains a vision of two wonders or signs seen in heaven, a woman and a dragon, and an account of what f...

College: Revelation (Book Introduction) PREFACE This commentary on the Revelation of John has been prepared for general readers of the Bible who desire to deepen their understanding of God'...

College: Revelation (Outline) OUTLINE I. PROLOGUE - 1:1-20 A. Introduction to the Prophecy - 1:1-3 B. Sender - 1:4a C. Recipients - 1:4b D. Prescript - 1:4c-5a E. ...

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