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Text -- 1 Samuel 13:1-23 (NET)

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Saul Fails the Lord
13:1 Saul was thirty years old when he began to reign; he ruled over Israel for forty years. 13:2 Saul selected for himself three thousand men from Israel. Two thousand of these were with Saul at Micmash and in the hill country of Bethel; the remaining thousand were with Jonathan at Gibeah in the territory of Benjamin. He sent all the rest of the people back home. 13:3 Jonathan attacked the Philistine outpost that was at Geba and the Philistines heard about it. Then Saul alerted all the land saying, “Let the Hebrews pay attention!” 13:4 All Israel heard this message, “Saul has attacked the Philistine outpost, and now Israel is repulsive to the Philistines!” So the people were summoned to join Saul at Gilgal. 13:5 For the battle with Israel the Philistines had amassed 3,000 chariots, 6,000 horsemen, and an army as numerous as the sand on the seashore. They went up and camped at Micmash, east of Beth Aven. 13:6 The men of Israel realized they had a problem because their army was hard pressed. So the army hid in caves, thickets, cliffs, strongholds, and cisterns. 13:7 Some of the Hebrews crossed over the Jordan River to the land of Gad and Gilead. But Saul stayed at Gilgal; the entire army that was with him was terrified. 13:8 He waited for seven days, the time period indicated by Samuel. But Samuel did not come to Gilgal, and the army began to abandon Saul. 13:9 So Saul said, “Bring me the burnt offering and the peace offerings.” Then he offered a burnt offering. 13:10 Just when he had finished offering the burnt offering, Samuel appeared on the scene. Saul went out to meet him and to greet him. 13:11 But Samuel said, “What have you done?” Saul replied, “When I saw that the army had started to abandon me and that you didn’t come at the appointed time and that the Philistines had assembled at Micmash, 13:12 I thought, ‘Now the Philistines will come down on me at Gilgal and I have not sought the Lord’s favor.’ So I felt obligated to offer the burnt offering.” 13:13 Then Samuel said to Saul, “You have made a foolish choice! You have not obeyed the commandment that the Lord your God gave you. Had you done that, the Lord would have established your kingdom over Israel forever! 13:14 But now your kingdom will not continue! The Lord has sought out for himself a man who is loyal to him and the Lord has appointed him to be leader over his people, for you have not obeyed what the Lord commanded you.” 13:15 Then Samuel set out and went up from Gilgal to Gibeah in the territory of Benjamin. Saul mustered the army that remained with him; there were about six hundred men. 13:16 Saul, his son Jonathan, and the army that remained with them stayed in Gibeah in the territory of Benjamin, while the Philistines camped in Micmash. 13:17 Raiding bands went out from the camp of the Philistines in three groups. One band turned toward the road leading to Ophrah by the land of Shual; 13:18 another band turned toward the road leading to Beth Horon; and yet another band turned toward the road leading to the border that overlooks the valley of Zeboim in the direction of the desert. 13:19 A blacksmith could not be found in all the land of Israel, for the Philistines had said, “This will prevent the Hebrews from making swords and spears.” 13:20 So all Israel had to go down to the Philistines in order to get their plowshares, cutting instruments, axes, and sickles sharpened. 13:21 They charged two-thirds of a shekel to sharpen plowshares and cutting instruments, and a third of a shekel to sharpen picks and axes, and to set ox goads. 13:22 So on the day of the battle no sword or spear was to be found in the hand of anyone in the army that was with Saul and Jonathan. No one but Saul and his son Jonathan had them.
Jonathan Ignites a Battle
13:23 A garrison of the Philistines had gone out to the pass at Micmash.
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Benjamin the tribe of Benjamin of Israel
 · Beth-aven a town of Benjamin,a town, probably Upper &/or Lower Beth-Horon in Ephraim,a town of Benjamin bordering Ephraim 18 km north of Jerusalem
 · Beth-Aven a town of Benjamin,a town, probably Upper &/or Lower Beth-Horon in Ephraim,a town of Benjamin bordering Ephraim 18 km north of Jerusalem
 · Beth-horon "twin" towns (Upper & Lower) in the foothills of Ephraim
 · Beth-Horon "twin" towns (Upper & Lower) in the foothills of Ephraim
 · Bethel a town of Benjamin bordering Ephraim 18 km north of Jerusalem
 · Gad the tribe of Israel descended from Gad, the son of Jacob,the man; the son of Jacob and Zilpah,the tribe of Gad in Israel,a prophet and long time advisor to King David
 · Geba a town of Judah 8 km north of Jerusalem, 5 km east of Gibeon (SMM)
 · Gibeah a town of Judah 8 km north of Jerusalem, 5 km east of Gibeon (SMM)
 · Gilead a mountainous region east of the Jordan & north of the Arnon to Hermon,son of Machir son of Manasseh; founder of the clan of Gilead,father of Jephthah the judge,son of Michael of the tribe of Gad
 · Gilgal a place where Israel encamped between Jericho and the Jordan,a town between Dor and Tirza in the territory of Ephraim (YC),a town just north of Joppa, originally a military base (YC),a place 12 miles south of Shechem now called Jiljiliah (YC)
 · Hebrew a person descended from Heber; an ancient Jew; a Hebrew speaking Jew,any Jew, but particularly one who spoke the Hebrew language
 · Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel
 · Israelite a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel
 · Jonathan a man who was a descendant of Gershom son of Moses,son of Saul of Benjamin,son of the high priest Abiathar in David's time,the son of Shime-i, David's brother,son of Shammah/Shagee; one of David's military elite,son of Jada of Judah,son of Uzziah; overseer of the country treasuries for King David,a man who was uncle and counselor of King David,father of Ebed who accompanied Ezra leading the clan of Adin back from exile,a man who opposed Ezra's reforms; son of Asahel,a chief priest; son of Joiada,priest and head of the house of Malluchi under High Priest Joiakim in the time of Nehemiah,son of Shemaiah of Asaph of Levi; father of Zechariah,a man who was secretary and dungeon keeper for King Zedekiah; son of Kareah
 · Jordan the river that flows from Lake Galilee to the Dead Sea,a river that begins at Mt. Hermon, flows south through Lake Galilee and on to its end at the Dead Sea 175 km away (by air)
 · Michmash a town of Benjamin 12 km north of Jerusalem
 · Ophrah a town of Benjamin on the border of Ephraim, 4 km ENE of Bethel,a town of Manasseh, possibly 7 km NW of Jezreel,son of Meonothai of Judah
 · Philistines a sea people coming from Crete in 1200BC to the coast of Canaan
 · Samuel son of Ammihud; Moses' land distribution deputy for Simeon,son of Tola son of Issachar
 · Saul the sixth king of Edom,son of Simeon and a Canaanite woman,son of Uzziah of Kohath son of Levi
 · Shual a region of Benjamin not far from Ophrah and Michmash,son of Zophah of Asher
 · Zeboim a town and valley inhabited by Benjamites after the exile


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Saul | Philistines | Samuel | SAMUEL, BOOKS OF | WAR; WARFARE | Gilgal | Armies | Church and State | Presumption | Confidence | Usurpation | Michmash | Garrison | ARMY | JONATHAN (2) | Mattock | GIBEAH | Geba | Zeboim | SACRIFICE, IN THE OLD TESTAMENT, 2 | more
Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:1 The MT has “two years” here. If this number is to be accepted as correct, the meaning apparently would be that after a lapse of two years ...

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:2 Heb “each one to his tents.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:3 Heb “blew the ram’s horn in.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:4 Heb “were summoned after.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:5 Many English versions (e.g., KJV, NASB, NRSV, TEV) read “30,000” here.

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:6 Or perhaps “vaults.” This rare term also occurs in Judg 9:46, 49. Cf. KJV “high places”; ASV “coverts”; NAB “...

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:7 The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:8 Heb “dispersed from upon him”; NAB, NRSV “began to slip away.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:10 Heb “to bless him.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:11 Heb “dispersed from upon me.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:12 Or “I forced myself” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV, CEV); NAB “So in my anxiety I offered”; NIV “I felt compelled.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:13 Heb “commanded.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:14 Heb “commanded.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:15 Heb “at Gibeah of Benjamin.” The words “in the territory” are supplied in the translation for clarity (likewise in the followi...

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:16 The juxtaposition of disjunctive clauses in v.16 indicates synchronic action.

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:20 The translation follows the LXX (“their sickle”) here, rather than the MT “plowshares,” which is due to dittography from the w...

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:21 Heb “and for a third, a pick.” The Hebrew text suffers from haplography at this point. The translation follows the textual reconstruction ...

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