2Ch 20:1-18 - Commentary

Commentary

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Text -- 2 Chronicles 20:1-18 (NET)

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Context

The Lord Gives Jehoshaphat Military Success

20:1 Later the Moabites and Ammonites, along with some of the Meunites, attacked Jehoshaphat. 20:2 Messengers arrived and reported to Jehoshaphat, “A huge army is attacking you from the other side of the Dead Sea, from the direction of Edom. Look, they are in Hazezon Tamar (that is, En Gedi).” 20:3 Jehoshaphat was afraid, so he decided to seek the Lord’s advice. He decreed that all Judah should observe a fast. 20:4 The people of Judah assembled to ask for the Lord’s help; they came from all the cities of Judah to ask for the Lord’s help. 20:5 Jehoshaphat stood before the assembly of Judah and Jerusalem at the Lord’s temple, in front of the new courtyard. 20:6 He prayed: “O Lord God of our ancestors, you are the God who lives in heaven and rules over all the kingdoms of the nations. You possess strength and power; no one can stand against you. 20:7 Our God, you drove out the inhabitants of this land before your people Israel and gave it as a permanent possession to the descendants of your friend Abraham. 20:8 They settled down in it and built in it a temple to honor you, saying, 20:9 ‘If disaster comes on us in the form of military attack, judgment, plague, or famine, we will stand in front of this temple before you, for you are present in this temple. We will cry out to you for help in our distress, so that you will hear and deliver us.’ 20:10 Now the Ammonites, Moabites, and men from Mount Seir are coming! When Israel came from the land of Egypt, you did not allow them to invade these lands. They bypassed them and did not destroy them. 20:11 Look how they are repaying us! They come to drive us out of our allotted land which you assigned to us! 20:12 Our God, will you not judge them? For we are powerless against this huge army that attacks us! We don’t know what we should do; we look to you for help.” 20:13 All the men of Judah were standing before the Lord, along with their infants, wives, and children. 20:14 Then in the midst of the assembly, the Lord’s Spirit came upon Jachaziel son of Zechariah, son of Benaiah, son of Jeiel, son of Mattaniah, a Levite and descendant of Asaph. 20:15 He said: “Pay attention, all you people of Judah, residents of Jerusalem, and King Jehoshaphat! This is what the Lord says to you: ‘Don’t be afraid and don’t panic because of this huge army! For the battle is not yours, but God’s. 20:16 Tomorrow march down against them as they come up the Ascent of Ziz. You will find them at the end of the ravine in front of the Desert of Jeruel. 20:17 You will not fight in this battle. Take your positions, stand, and watch the Lord deliver you, O Judah and Jerusalem. Don’t be afraid and don’t panic! Tomorrow march out toward them; the Lord is with you!’” 20:18 Jehoshaphat bowed down with his face toward the ground, and all the people of Judah and the residents of Jerusalem fell down before the Lord and worshiped him.

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Cross Reference (TSK)

ITL

Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:

· Abraham a son of Terah; the father of Isaac; ancestor of the Jewish nation.,the son of Terah of Shem

· Ammon the tribe/nation of people descended from Ben-Ammi, Lot's son,Territory of the tribe/nation of Ammon

· Ammonites the tribe/nation of people descended from Ben-Ammi, Lot's son,Territory of the tribe/nation of Ammon

· Asaph father of Joah, Hezekiah's recorder,son of Berechiah the Levite; music minister under David,father of Zichri; a Levite ancestor of some returnees,an official over the (Persian) king's forest in Judah

· Benaiah son of Jehoiada; commander of King Solomon's army,son of Jehoiada of Pirathon in Ephraim; one of David's elite,head of a large influential family of Simeon in Hezekiah's time,a Levite worship leader in David's time,a priest in David's time,father of Jehoiada, one of king David's counselors,son of Jeiel; a priest under Jehoshaphat,a man who was a temple helper in the time of Hezekiah,a layman of the Parosh clan who put away his heathen wife,a layman of the Pahath-Moab clan who put away his heathen wife,a layman of the Bani clan who put away his heathen wife,a layman of the Nebo clan who put away his heathen wife,the father of Pelatiah, a wicked counselor exposed by Ezekiel

· Edom resident(s) of the region of Edom

· Egypt descendants of Mizraim

· En-Gedi an oasis town in the desert of Judah by the Dead Sea

· En-gedi an oasis town in the desert of Judah by the Dead Sea

· Hazazon-tamar an oasis town in the desert of Judah by the Dead Sea

· Hazazon-Tamar an oasis town in the desert of Judah by the Dead Sea

· Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel

· Jahaziel one of the Benjamites who defected to David at Ziklag,a priest trumpeter who escorted the ark into Jerusalem,third son of Hebron,son of Zechariah (Asaph Levi); a prophet under Jehoshaphat,father of Shecaniah who led the Zattu Clan back from exile

· Jehoshaphat the son and successor of king Asa of Judah; the father of Jehoram; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Ahilud; a recorder for King Solomon,an officer over collecting food supplies for King Solomon from Issachar; son of Paruah,son of Asa; King of Judah,son of Nimshi; father of King Jehu of Israel,a situation ("valley") of being judged (OS)

· Jeiel a descendant of Shelah of Judah, who returned from exile with his family,one of the Levites of Elizaphan that King Hezekiah assigned to supervise the cleansing of the temple,head of a family group descended from Adonikam who returned from exile

· Jeruel a place in the wilderness SE of Tekoa (OS)

· Jerusalem the capital city of Israel,a town; the capital of Israel near the southern border of Benjamin

· Judah the son of Jacob and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,a tribe, the land/country,a son of Joseph; the father of Simeon; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Jacob/Israel and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,the tribe of Judah,citizens of the southern kingdom of Judah,citizens of the Persian Province of Judah; the Jews who had returned from Babylonian exile,"house of Judah", a phrase which highlights the political leadership of the tribe of Judah,"king of Judah", a phrase which relates to the southern kingdom of Judah,"kings of Judah", a phrase relating to the southern kingdom of Judah,"princes of Judah", a phrase relating to the kingdom of Judah,the territory allocated to the tribe of Judah, and also the extended territory of the southern kingdom of Judah,the Province of Judah under Persian rule,"hill country of Judah", the relatively cool and green central highlands of the territory of Judah,"the cities of Judah",the language of the Jews; Hebrew,head of a family of Levites who returned from Exile,a Levite who put away his heathen wife,a man who was second in command of Jerusalem; son of Hassenuah of Benjamin,a Levite in charge of the songs of thanksgiving in Nehemiah's time,a leader who helped dedicate Nehemiah's wall,a Levite musician who helped Zechariah of Asaph dedicate Nehemiah's wall

· Levite member of the tribe of Levi

· Mattaniah son and secondary successor of King Josiah,son of Mica/Micaiah; a Levite of Asaph,son of Heman the Levite and worship leader under Heman & David,an Asaph Levite supervisor of temple restoration of Hezekiah's,a layman of the Elam Clan who put away his heathen wife,a layman of the Zattu Clan who put away his heathen wife,a layman of the Pahath-Moab Clan who put away his heathen wife,a layman of the Bani Clan who put away his heathen wife,ancestor of Hanan, assistant treasurer under Nehemiah

· Meunites a people who were enemies of Israel

· Moab resident(s) of the country of Moab

· Moabite a female descendant of Moab

· sea the Dead Sea, at the southern end of the Jordan River,the Mediterranean Sea,the Persian Gulf south east of Babylon,the Red Sea

· Seir a mountain and adjoining land,a man from the highlands of Seir (OS); father-in-law of Esau

· Syria the country to the north of Palestine,a country of north western Mesopotamia

· Zechariah the father of John the baptist,a son of Berekiah, a righteous man who was killed by the Jewish authorities,son and successor of King Jeroboam,father of Abi, the mother of King Hezekiah,a leader of the tribe of Reuben,son of Meshelemiah; a door keeper for the tent of meeting,son of Jeiel and Maacah of Gibeon,a Levite gate keeper and harpist in David's time,a priest and trumpeter in David's time,son of Isshiah (Uzziel Kohath Levi),son of Hosah; a pre-exile Levite gatekeeper,a man of Manasseh in Gilead in Saul and David's time,a prince whom Jehoshaphat sent to teach the law around Judah,son of Benaiah (Asaph Levi),son of King Jehoshaphat,son of Jehoiada the priest; a prophet,a man who influenced King Uzziah for good,a Levite (Asaph) who helped Hezekiah cleanse the temple,a Levite (Kohath) who helped King Josiah restore the temple,a chief officer of the house of God in Josiah's time,son of Berechiah; a priest; writer of the book of Zechariah,leader among the Parosh clansmen who returned from exile,son of Bebai; leader among Bebai clansmen returned from exile,a lay man of the Elam Clan who put away his heathen wife,a man who stood with Ezra when he read the law to the assembly,son of Amariah of Judah,a descendant of Shelah,son of Pashhur; a priest whose descendants returned from exile,son of Jonathan (Asaph Levi),son of Jeberechiah; a witness to Isaiah's prophesy

· Ziz a mountain ascent

Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 2Ch 20:1 The Hebrew text has “Ammonites,” but they are mentioned just before this. Most translations, following some mss of the LXX, read “Me...

NET Notes: 2Ch 20:2 Most Hebrew mss read “from Aram” (i.e., Syria), but this must be a corruption of “Edom,” which is the reading of the LXX and V...

NET Notes: 2Ch 20:3 Heb “and he set his face to seek the Lord.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 20:4 Heb “to seek the Lord.” The verb here (ָָבּקַשׁ, baqash) is different from the one transla...

NET Notes: 2Ch 20:5 For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

NET Notes: 2Ch 20:6 Heb “are you not God in heaven?” The rhetorical question expects the answer “yes,” resulting in the positive statement “...

NET Notes: 2Ch 20:7 Or perhaps “your covenantal partner.” See Isa 41:8.

NET Notes: 2Ch 20:8 Heb “for your name.” The word “name” sometimes refers to one’s reputation or honor (thus the translation here, “to...

NET Notes: 2Ch 20:9 Or “so that you may.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 20:10 Heb “whom you did not allow Israel to enter when they came from the land of Egypt.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 20:12 Heb “for [or “indeed”] upon you are our eyes.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 20:13 Heb “Judah.” The words “the men of” are supplied in the translation for clarity. The Hebrew text uses the name “Judah...

NET Notes: 2Ch 20:15 Or perhaps “don’t get discouraged.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 20:16 Heb “look.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 20:17 Or perhaps “don’t get discouraged.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 20:18 Heb “to worship the Lord.”

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