2Ch 23:1-16 - Commentary

Commentary

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Text -- 2 Chronicles 23:1-16 (NET)

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Context

23:1 In the seventh year Jehoiada made a bold move. He made a pact with the officers of the units of hundreds: Azariah son of Jehoram, Ishmael son of Jehochanan, Azariah son of Obed, Maaseiah son of Adaiah, and Elishaphat son of Zikri. 23:2 They traveled throughout Judah and assembled the Levites from all the cities of Judah, as well as the Israelite family leaders. They came to Jerusalem, 23:3 and the whole assembly made a covenant with the king in the temple of God. Jehoiada said to them, “The king’s son will rule, just as the Lord promised David’s descendants. 23:4 This is what you must do. One third of you priests and Levites who are on duty during the Sabbath will guard the doors. 23:5 Another third of you will be stationed at the royal palace and still another third at the Foundation Gate. All the others will stand in the courtyards of the Lord’s temple. 23:6 No one must enter the Lord’s temple except the priests and Levites who are on duty. They may enter because they are ceremonially pure. All the others should carry out their assigned service to the Lord. 23:7 The Levites must surround the king. Each of you must hold his weapon in his hand. Whoever tries to enter the temple must be killed. You must accompany the king wherever he goes.” 23:8 The Levites and all the men of Judah did just as Jehoiada the priest ordered. Each of them took his men, those who were on duty during the Sabbath as well as those who were off duty on the Sabbath. Jehoiada the priest did not release his divisions from their duties. 23:9 Jehoiada the priest gave to the officers of the units of hundreds King David’s spears and shields that were kept in God’s temple. 23:10 He placed the men at their posts, each holding his weapon in his hand. They lined up from the south side of the temple to the north side and stood near the altar and the temple, surrounding the king. 23:11 Jehoiada and his sons led out the king’s son and placed on him the crown and the royal insignia. They proclaimed him king and poured olive oil on his head. They declared, “Long live the king!” 23:12 When Athaliah heard the royal guard shouting and praising the king, she joined the crowd at the Lord’s temple. 23:13 Then she saw the king standing by his pillar at the entrance. The officers and trumpeters stood beside the king and all the people of the land were celebrating and blowing trumpets, and the musicians with various instruments were leading the celebration. Athaliah tore her clothes and yelled, “Treason! Treason!” 23:14 Jehoiada the priest sent out the officers of the units of hundreds, who were in charge of the army, and ordered them, “Bring her outside the temple to the guards. Put the sword to anyone who follows her.” The priest gave this order because he had decided she should not be executed in the Lord’s temple. 23:15 They seized her and took her into the precincts of the royal palace through the horses’ entrance. There they executed her. 23:16 Jehoiada then drew up a covenant stipulating that he, all the people, and the king should be loyal to the Lord.

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Cross Reference (TSK)

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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:

· Adaiah a woman's name; King Josiah's grandmother,the son of Ethan (Gershom, Levi); ancestor of Asaph,the son of Shimei of Benjamin,son of Jeroham; a priestly leader of those returning from exile,father of Ma-Aseiah, a commander who helped enthrone Joash,an Israelite (Bani) who put away his heathen wife,an Israelite (Binnui) who put away his heathen wife,the son of Joiarib of Judah of pre-exile times,son of Jeroham; head of the priestly clan of Melchijah

· Athaliah mother of Ahaziah king of Judah,son of Jeroham; son of Jeroham of Benjamin,father of Jeshaiah (Elam) who accompanied Ezra back from exile

· Azariah son of Ahimaaz; grandson and successor of Zadok I,son of Nathan; a priest who was chief of Solomons officers,son and successor of king Amaziah of Judah,son of Ethan son of Zerah of Judah,son of Jehu son of Obed of Judah,son of Johanan; descendant of Meraioth I,son of Hilkiah before the exile; high priest Azariah III,a descendant of Hilkiah the priest,son of Zephaniah/Uriel (Korah Levi); forefather of Samuel,son of Oded; prophet under King Asa,second son of Jehoshaphat; brother of King Jehoram,fifth son of Jehoshaphat; brother of King Jehoram,son of Jeroham; a commander who helped enthrone Joash,son of Obed; a commander who helped enthrone Joash,the priest who confronted Uzziah for offering incense,a chief of Ephraim under Israel's King Pekah,father of Joel (Kohath Levi), who served under Hezekiah,son of Jehallelel (Merari Levi). He served under Hezekiah,chief priest, of Zadok's line, under Hezekiah,son of Maaseiah son of Ananiah; a repairer of Nehemiah's wall,a man who accompanied Zerubbabel back to the land of Judah,a scribe who helped Ezra explain the reading of the Law,a priest who signed the covenant to keep God's law,a prince of Judah who led praises to God on the new city wall,son of Hoshaiah; one of the leaders rebelling against Jeremiah,a man exiled from Judah and trained with Daniel in Babylon

· David a son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel,son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel

· Elishaphat son of Zichri; a commander who helped make Joash king

· Ishmael son of Abraham and Hagar,father of Zebadiah, governor of Judah under Jehoshaphat,son of Azel of Benjamin,son of Jehohanan,a priest of the Pashur clan who put away his heathen wife,son of Nethaniah; a militia leader who assasinated Gedaliah

· Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel

· Jehohanan son of Kareah; a militia leader who rallied to Gedaliah,son of King Josiah,son of Eli-O-Enai, a descendant of Hananiah, Zerubbabel and David,a high priest; son of Azariah I,a Benjamite man who defected to David at Ziklag,Gadite officer who defected to David in the wilderness,a man of Ephraim; father of Azariah, who opposed Israel's taking Judeans captive,son of Hakkatan; head of a family group descended from Azgad who returned from exile,a Levite leader during the time of Nehemiah,son of Eliashib; a chief priest

· Jehoiada a chief priest; father of Benaiah, head of David's body guard,chief priest under Athaliah and Joash,a prince of the house of Aaron who defected to David with his men,a man who was a counselor of King David,a chief priest in the time of Jeremiah,son of Eliashib the high priest in Nehemiah's time

· Jeroham son of Eliab (Eliel) of Kohath son of Levi,head of a clan of Benjamin,a man of Benjamin whose descendants returned from exile,son of Pelaliah of Pashhur; a priest whose descendants returned from exile,a man of Gedor; father of Joelah and Zebadiah who defected to David,a man of Dan in Saul and David's time,father of Azariah, a military commander who helped Jehoiadah put Joash on the throne of Judah

· Jerusalem the capital city of Israel,a town; the capital of Israel near the southern border of Benjamin

· Judah the son of Jacob and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,a tribe, the land/country,a son of Joseph; the father of Simeon; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Jacob/Israel and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,the tribe of Judah,citizens of the southern kingdom of Judah,citizens of the Persian Province of Judah; the Jews who had returned from Babylonian exile,"house of Judah", a phrase which highlights the political leadership of the tribe of Judah,"king of Judah", a phrase which relates to the southern kingdom of Judah,"kings of Judah", a phrase relating to the southern kingdom of Judah,"princes of Judah", a phrase relating to the kingdom of Judah,the territory allocated to the tribe of Judah, and also the extended territory of the southern kingdom of Judah,the Province of Judah under Persian rule,"hill country of Judah", the relatively cool and green central highlands of the territory of Judah,"the cities of Judah",the language of the Jews; Hebrew,head of a family of Levites who returned from Exile,a Levite who put away his heathen wife,a man who was second in command of Jerusalem; son of Hassenuah of Benjamin,a Levite in charge of the songs of thanksgiving in Nehemiah's time,a leader who helped dedicate Nehemiah's wall,a Levite musician who helped Zechariah of Asaph dedicate Nehemiah's wall

· Levites relating to Levi and the priesthood given to him,a tribal name describing people and ceremonies as sacred

· Ma-Aseiah a Levite worship leader in David's time,son of Adaiah; a commander who helped enthrone King Joash,a man who was a recruiting officer for King Uzziah's army,son of King Ahaz,a man who was governor of Jerusalem under King Josiah,a priest descended from Jeshua who put away his heathen wife,a priest descended from Harim who put away his heathen wife,a priest descended from Pashhur who put away his heathen wife,a layman of Pahath-Moab clan who put away his heathen wife,son of Ananiah; father of Azariah who helped repair the wall,a man who stood with Ezra when he read the law to the assembly,a Levite who helped Ezra explain the reading of the law,an chief who signed the covenant to keep the law of Moses,son of Baruch of Judah; a returned exile in Jerusalem,son of Ithiel of Benjamin,a priest who helped celebrate the completion of the wall,father of Zephaniah the priest in the time of Jeremiah,a false prophet in the time of King Zedekiah of Judah,son of Shallum, a gate keeper under King Jehoiakim

· Obed a son of Boaz and Ruth; the father of Jesse; the grandfather of David; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Boaz of Judah; father of Jesse, the father of David,son of Ephlal of Judah,a man who was one of David's military elite,son of Shemaiah; a Levite gatekeeper,father of Azariah who helped put Joash on the throne of Judah

· Zichri son of Izhar son of Kohath son of Levi,son of Shime-i of Benjamin,son of Shashak of Benjamin,son of Jeroham of Benjamin,son of Asaph (Shimei Gershom Levi),son of Joram (Shubael Moses Levi),a man of Reuben in Saul and David's time; father of Eliezer, the officer over the Reubenites,father of Amasiah, high commander under King Jehoshaphat,father of Elishaphat, a commander who helped enthrone Joash,a man of the military elite of Ephraim under King Pekah,father of Joel, an overseer in Jerusalem in Nehemiah's time,priestly head of the Abijah clan under High Priest Joiakim

Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 2Ch 23:1 Or “covenant.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 23:2 For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

NET Notes: 2Ch 23:3 Heb “he”; the referent (Jehoiada the priest, cf. v. 8) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

NET Notes: 2Ch 23:5 Heb “all the people.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 23:7 Heb “and be with the king in his coming out and in his going out.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 23:8 Heb “all Judah.” The words “the men of” are supplied in the translation for clarity. The Hebrew text uses the name “Juda...

NET Notes: 2Ch 23:9 The Hebrew text lists two different types of shields here. Most translations render “the large and small shields” (so NASB, NIV, NRSV; NEB...

NET Notes: 2Ch 23:10 Heb “and he stationed all the people, each with his weapon in his hand, from the south shoulder of the house to the north shoulder of the house,...

NET Notes: 2Ch 23:11 Or “they made him king and anointed him.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 23:12 Heb “she came to the people.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 23:13 Or “Conspiracy! Conspiracy!”

NET Notes: 2Ch 23:14 Heb “for the priest had said, ‘Do not put her to death in the house of the Lord.’”

NET Notes: 2Ch 23:15 Heb “and they placed hands on her, and she went through the entrance of the gate of the horses [into] the house of the king.” Some English...

NET Notes: 2Ch 23:16 Heb “and Jehoiada made a covenant between himself and [between] all the people and [between] the king, to become a people for the Lord.”

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