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Text -- 2 Samuel 23:1-3 (NET)

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Context
David’s Final Words
23:1 These are the final words of David: “The oracle of David son of Jesse, the oracle of the man raised up as the ruler chosen by the God of Jacob, Israel’s beloved singer of songs: 23:2 The Lord’s spirit spoke through me; his word was on my tongue. 23:3 The God of Israel spoke, the protector of Israel spoke to me. The one who rules fairly among men, the one who rules in the fear of God,
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · David a son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel,son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel
 · Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel
 · Jacob the second so of a pair of twins born to Isaac and Rebeccaa; ancestor of the 12 tribes of Israel,the nation of Israel,a person, male,son of Isaac; Israel the man and nation
 · Jesse a son of Obed; the father of David the king and ancestor of Jesus,son of Obed of Judah; father of David


Dictionary Themes and Topics: TEXT OF THE OLD TESTAMENT | SAMUEL, BOOKS OF | Psalms | Prophets | PSALMS, BOOK OF | POETRY, HEBREW | MECHERATHITE, THE | MECHERATHITE | JOSHAVIAH | JOSHAPHAT | JESSE | HOLY SPIRIT, 1 | FEAR | David | Courage | Captain | CHRIST, OFFICES OF | BIBLE, THE, IV CANONICITY | AMASAI | ABISHAI | more
Table of Contents

Word/Phrase Notes
Wesley , JFB , Clarke , Defender , TSK

Word/Phrase Notes
Barnes , Poole , Haydock , Gill

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes , Geneva Bible

Verse Range Notes
TSK Synopsis , Maclaren , MHCC , Matthew Henry , Keil-Delitzsch , Constable , Guzik

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per phrase)

Wesley: 2Sa 23:1 - -- Not simply the last that he spoke, but the last which he spake by the spirit of God, assisting and directing him in an extraordinary manner. When we f...

Not simply the last that he spoke, but the last which he spake by the spirit of God, assisting and directing him in an extraordinary manner. When we find death approaching, we should endeavour both to honour God, and to profit others with our last words. Let those who have had experience of God's goodness, and the pleasantness of the ways of wisdom, when they come to finish their course, leave a record of those experiences, and bear their testimony to the truth of the promise.

Wesley: 2Sa 23:1 - -- Advanced from an obscure estate, to the kingdom. Whom, God singled out from all the families of Israel, and anointed to be king.

Advanced from an obscure estate, to the kingdom. Whom, God singled out from all the families of Israel, and anointed to be king.

Wesley: 2Sa 23:1 - -- He who was eminent among the people of God, for composing sweet and holy songs to the praise of God, and for the use of his church in after ages: thes...

He who was eminent among the people of God, for composing sweet and holy songs to the praise of God, and for the use of his church in after ages: these seem not to be the words of David, but of the sacred penman of this book.

Wesley: 2Sa 23:2 - -- The following words, and consequently the other words and Psalms composed and uttered by me upon the like solemn occasions, are not to be looked upon ...

The following words, and consequently the other words and Psalms composed and uttered by me upon the like solemn occasions, are not to be looked upon as human inventions, but both the matter and the words of them are suggested by God's spirit, the great teacher of the church.

Wesley: 2Sa 23:3 - -- He who is the strength, and defence, and protector of his people; which he manifests by directing kings and rulers so to manage their power as may mos...

He who is the strength, and defence, and protector of his people; which he manifests by directing kings and rulers so to manage their power as may most conduce to their comfort and benefit.

Wesley: 2Sa 23:3 - -- Here are the two principal parts of a king's duty, answerable to the two tables of God's law, justice towards men, and piety towards God, both which h...

Here are the two principal parts of a king's duty, answerable to the two tables of God's law, justice towards men, and piety towards God, both which he is to maintain and promote among his people.

JFB: 2Sa 23:1 - -- Various opinions are entertained as to the precise meaning of this statement, which, it is obvious, proceeded from the compiler or collector of the sa...

Various opinions are entertained as to the precise meaning of this statement, which, it is obvious, proceeded from the compiler or collector of the sacred canon. Some think that, as there is no division of chapters in the Hebrew Scriptures, this introduction was intended to show that what follows is no part of the preceding song. Others regard this as the last of the king's poetical compositions; while still others consider it the last of his utterances as an inspired writer.

JFB: 2Sa 23:1 - -- From an obscure family and condition to a throne.

From an obscure family and condition to a throne.

JFB: 2Sa 23:1 - -- Chosen to be king by the special appointment of that God, to whom, by virtue of an ancient covenant, the people of Israel owed all their peculiar dest...

Chosen to be king by the special appointment of that God, to whom, by virtue of an ancient covenant, the people of Israel owed all their peculiar destiny and distinguished privileges.

JFB: 2Sa 23:1 - -- That is, delightful, highly esteemed.

That is, delightful, highly esteemed.

JFB: 2Sa 23:2 - -- Nothing can more clearly show that all that is excellent in spirit, beautiful in language, or grand in prophetic imagery, which the Psalms of David co...

Nothing can more clearly show that all that is excellent in spirit, beautiful in language, or grand in prophetic imagery, which the Psalms of David contain, were owing, not to his superiority in natural talents or acquired knowledge, but to the suggestion and dictates of God's Spirit.

JFB: 2Sa 23:3 - -- This metaphor, which is commonly applied by the sacred writers to the Almighty, was very expressive to the minds of the Hebrew people. Their national ...

This metaphor, which is commonly applied by the sacred writers to the Almighty, was very expressive to the minds of the Hebrew people. Their national fortresses, in which they sought security in war, were built on high and inaccessible rocks.

JFB: 2Sa 23:3 - -- Either preceptively, giving the following counsels respecting the character of an upright ruler in Israel, or prophetically, concerning David and his ...

Either preceptively, giving the following counsels respecting the character of an upright ruler in Israel, or prophetically, concerning David and his royal dynasty, and the great Messiah, of whom many think this is a prophecy, rendering the words, "he that ruleth"--"there shall be a ruler over men."

Clarke: 2Sa 23:1 - -- These be the last words of David - I suppose the last poetical composition is here intended. He might have spoken many words after these in prose, b...

These be the last words of David - I suppose the last poetical composition is here intended. He might have spoken many words after these in prose, but none in verse. Other meanings are given; this I prefer

The words of this song contain a glorious prediction of the Messiah’ s kingdom and conquests, in highly poetic language

Clarke: 2Sa 23:1 - -- The sweet psalmist of Israel - This character not only belonged to him as the finest poet in Israel, but as the finest and most Divine poet of the w...

The sweet psalmist of Israel - This character not only belonged to him as the finest poet in Israel, but as the finest and most Divine poet of the whole Christian world. The sweet psalmist of Israel has been the sweet psalmist of every part of the habitable world, where religion and piety have been held in reverence.

Clarke: 2Sa 23:2 - -- The Spirit of the Lord spake by me - Hence the matter of his writing came by direct and immediate inspiration

The Spirit of the Lord spake by me - Hence the matter of his writing came by direct and immediate inspiration

Clarke: 2Sa 23:2 - -- His word was in my tongue - Hence the words of this writing were as directly inspired as the matter.

His word was in my tongue - Hence the words of this writing were as directly inspired as the matter.

Clarke: 2Sa 23:3 - -- The Rock of Israel - The Fountain whence Israel was derived

The Rock of Israel - The Fountain whence Israel was derived

Clarke: 2Sa 23:3 - -- He that ruleth over men must be just - More literally, מושל באדם צדיק moshel baadam tsaddik , He that ruleth in man is the just one; or...

He that ruleth over men must be just - More literally, מושל באדם צדיק moshel baadam tsaddik , He that ruleth in man is the just one; or, The just one is the ruler among men

Clarke: 2Sa 23:3 - -- Ruling in the fear of God - It is by God’ s fear that Jesus Christ rules the hearts of all his followers; and he who has not the fear of God be...

Ruling in the fear of God - It is by God’ s fear that Jesus Christ rules the hearts of all his followers; and he who has not the fear of God before his eyes, can never be a Christian.

Defender: 2Sa 23:1 - -- This assertion seems to suggest that Psalm 18, which is substantially identical to 2 Samuel 22, was slightly modified by David shortly before his deat...

This assertion seems to suggest that Psalm 18, which is substantially identical to 2 Samuel 22, was slightly modified by David shortly before his death. The revised version is incorporated here by the anonymous author of 2 Samuel. Since both versions are divinely inspired, there must be some reason for the inclusion of both the original and revised versions of Psalm 18 in the Biblical canon. See the notes appended to Psalm 18."

TSK: 2Sa 23:1 - -- am 2989, bc 1015, An, Ex, Is, 476 the last : Gen 49:1; Deu 33:1; Josh. 23:1-24:32; Psa 72:20; 2Pe 1:13-15 raised : 2Sa 7:8, 2Sa 7:9; Psa 78:70 the ano...

am 2989, bc 1015, An, Ex, Is, 476

the last : Gen 49:1; Deu 33:1; Josh. 23:1-24:32; Psa 72:20; 2Pe 1:13-15

raised : 2Sa 7:8, 2Sa 7:9; Psa 78:70

the anointed : 1Sa 2:10, 1Sa 16:12, 1Sa 16:13; Psa 2:6, Psa 89:20

sweet psalmist : 1Ch 16:4, 1Ch 16:5, 1Ch 16:7, 1Ch 16:9; Amo 6:5; Luk 20:42, Luk 24:44; Eph 5:19, Eph 5:20; Col 3:16; Jam 5:13

TSK: 2Sa 23:2 - -- Mat 22:43; Mar 12:36; Act 2:25-31; Heb 3:7, Heb 3:8; 2Pe 1:21

TSK: 2Sa 23:3 - -- God : Gen 33:20; Exo 3:15, Exo 19:5, Exo 19:6, Exo 20:2 the Rock : 2Sa 22:2, 2Sa 22:32; Deu 32:4, Deu 32:30, Deu 32:31; Psa 42:9 He that ruleth : or, ...

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per Verse)

Barnes: 2Sa 23:1 - -- The last words of David - i. e., his last Psalm, his last "words of song"2Sa 22:1. The insertion of this Psalm, which is not in the Book of Psa...

The last words of David - i. e., his last Psalm, his last "words of song"2Sa 22:1. The insertion of this Psalm, which is not in the Book of Psalms, was probably suggested by the insertion of the long Psalm in 2 Sam. 22.

David the son of Jesse said ... - The original word for "said"is used between 200 and 300 times in the phrase, "saith the Lord,"designating the word of God in the mouth of the prophet. It is only applied to the words of a man here, and in the strikingly similar passage Num 24:3-4, Num 24:15-16, and in Pro 30:1; and in all these places the words spoken are inspired words. The description of David is divided into four clauses, which correspond to and balance each other.

Poole: 2Sa 23:1 - -- The last words of David not simply the last that he spoke, but some of the last uttered in his last days upon the approach of his death; or the last...

The last words of David not simply the last that he spoke, but some of the last uttered in his last days upon the approach of his death; or the last which he spoke by the Spirit of God, assisting and directing him in an extraordinary manner.

Raised up on high advanced from an obscure family and estate to the kingdom.

The anointed of the God of Jacob whom, though despised by men, and rejected by his own brethren, God himself singled out from all his father’ s house, and out of all the families and tribes of Israel, and anointed to be king.

The sweet psalmist of Israel or, sweet , or delightful , or amiable in the songs of Israel : either, first, As the object of them; he whom the people of Israel mentioned in their songs with joy and praise, as when they sung, Saul hath slain his thousands , and David his ten thousands ; and many others which doubtless they made and sung concerning him, upon the occasion of his eminent victories, and the blessings of his wise and righteous government; some whereof we have in the Book of Psalms. Or, secondly, As the author of them, he who was eminent and famous among the people of God for the composing of sweet and holy songs to the praise of God, and for the use of his church in after-ages; for he did not only indite most of the Book of Psalms, by the direction of God’ s Spirit; but also invented the tunes, or appointed tunes to which they were to be sung, and the instruments of music which were used in and with those holy songs, 1Ch 25:1,6 Am 6:5 . If the expressions here used seem arrogant, and not fit to be said by David in his own praise, let it be considered, first, That holy men spake by inspiration from God; and therefore must follow his suggestions impartially, as indeed they do sometimes in the publishing their own praises; which yet is never done unnecessarily, and always moderately; and sometimes in the publishing of their own infirmities and shame, as they are moved thereunto, and as the edification of the church requires.

Secondly, That these seem not to be the words of David, but of the sacred penman of this book, to make for and gain the greater attention and respect unto David’ s following words.

Poole: 2Sa 23:2 - -- The following words, and consequently the other words and Psalms composed and uttered by me upon the like solemn occasions, are not to be looked upo...

The following words, and consequently the other words and Psalms composed and uttered by me upon the like solemn occasions, are not to be looked upon as my private fancies or human inventions, but both the matter and the words of them are suggested and governed by God’ s Spirit, which is the great Teacher of the church.

Poole: 2Sa 23:3 - -- The Rock of Israel he who is the strength, and defence, and protector of his people; which he here manifests by obliging and directing kings and rule...

The Rock of Israel he who is the strength, and defence, and protector of his people; which he here manifests by obliging and directing kings and rulers so to manage their power and authority. as may most conduce to their comfort and benefit.

Spake to me by way of command; or, of me , by way of prediction and promise concerning me and my house, and the Messias who is to come out of my loins.

He that ruleth over men must be just, ruling in the fear of God: thus it is a precept or declaration of the duty of kings, and particularly of Solomon his son, (to whom as a dying man he gives this advice,) and of his successors the kings of God’ s Israel, for whose instruction he gives this rule. And so here are the two principal parts of a king’ s duty, answerable to the two tables of God’ s law, justice towards men, and piety towards God, both which he is to maintain and promote among his people; to which if you add benignity and clemency, whereby a king renders his government not frightful and burdensome, but acceptable and amiable to his people, which possibly may be meant by the following similitudes, here is a complete character of an excellent prince or governor. Others make it a prophecy of Christ; and then the words are or may be thus rendered, There shall be a Ruler over men , (or rather, among men , as the Hebrew word properly signifies, to wit, the Messias, who, though he be the eternal and invisible God, yet shall visibly appear and rule among men,) a just or righteous one , (a title oft given to Christ, as Isa 53:11 Jer 23:5,6 33:15 Zec 9:9 )

ruling in the fear of the Lord making it his great business to advance the service, and worship, and glory of the Lord; or, as it is in the Hebrew, ruling the fear of the Lord , i.e. governing and ordering the worship of God, which is oft called the fear of God . And so this clause is added to prevent or remove scandals and offences which might be taken at the Messias when he should come, because of his changing and abrogating the ceremonial law; and to insinuate that he should have no less power in the governing of God’ s house and worship than Moses had, and that he might make such laws as he thought meet. And if this be the meaning of the place, then as Jacob, being greatly afflicted with the troubles which he by the Spirit of prophecy foresaw were coming upon his posterity, comforts himself with the thoughts of that great and glorious salvation of God, which he also foresaw and waited for, Gen 49:18 ; so David, reflecting upon the great disorders, and miscarriages, and calamities which had already arisen in his house, and either wisely presaging or foreseeing by the Spirit of the Lord , 2Sa 23:2 , that the same sins and miseries should be fall his posterity and successors, he supports and comforts himself with this consideration, that one of them should be a most excellent person, just, and pious, and merciful, and an unspeakable blessing to David himself, and to all his family and people, and to the whole world, even the great Messias, who was undoubtedly revealed to and expected by David, as appears by many passages of the Psalms, and by other scriptures.

Haydock: 2Sa 23:1 - -- Last words, which he spoke by inspiration, (Menochius) or which may be considered as the conclusion of his Psalms, and inserted after the 71st, (Calm...

Last words, which he spoke by inspiration, (Menochius) or which may be considered as the conclusion of his Psalms, and inserted after the 71st, (Calmet) or as a preface or summary of those divine canticles; (Du Hamel) or they relate to the last ages, and to the Messias, (Chaldean) the end of the law. (Haydock) ---

Some think it has not been inserted among the Psalms, as not being written in verse: (Sanctius) but it is composed in the true spirit of the Hebrew poetry, though very obscure. ---

Christ, who should be born of him; or David himself was appointed to be "the king" of God's people. Septuagint, "he whom God raised up, the Christ of," &c. Hebrew, "sovereign anointed of," &c. ---

Psalmist. The Holy Spirit directs David to speak in his own praise. His Psalms were always most highly esteemed in Israel. (Calmet) ---

Said. This preamble may remind us of a similar one of Balaam, Numbers xxiv. 3. The prophets generally declare who they are. (Haydock)

Haydock: 2Sa 23:2 - -- Tongue. Nothing could more decisively prove the inspiration of the sacred books.

Tongue. Nothing could more decisively prove the inspiration of the sacred books.

Haydock: 2Sa 23:3 - -- Strong one. This is one of the most common titles of God, 1 Kings ii. 2. Hebrew, "the rock." --- In the fear. Hebrew, "of the fear;" that is, of...

Strong one. This is one of the most common titles of God, 1 Kings ii. 2. Hebrew, "the rock." ---

In the fear. Hebrew, "of the fear;" that is, of the just, who live in the fear of God. Such abstract expressions are frequent; so "the son of the captivity, of riches," &c., mean a captive or a rich man. (Calmet) ---

God spoke such words to David as tended to promote solid virtue and piety. (Haydock) ---

We may explain the ruler, &c., of the Messias, who shall diffuse grace and glory throughout the earth. Protestants, "He that ruleth over men, must be just, ruling in the fear of God." An excellent lesson for all in power. (Haydock)

Gill: 2Sa 23:1 - -- Now these be the last words of David,.... Which refer not to the psalm in the preceding chapter, but to what follows; not the last words he spoke, fo...

Now these be the last words of David,.... Which refer not to the psalm in the preceding chapter, but to what follows; not the last words he spoke, for he said many things afterwards; for the advice he gave to Solomon, and the instructions to him about building the temple, were delivered after this time; but these were the last after he had finished the book of Psalms; or the last that he spoke under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, or that he delivered out by way of prophecy; though the Jews f will not allow him to speak by the spirit of prophecy; they own he spoke by the Holy Spirit, which they distinguish from prophecy; but the Targum calls these words a prophecy, and takes them to be a prophecy of the Messiah, and of things to come, as undoubtedly they are, paraphrasing them thus;"these are the words of the prophecy of David, which he prophesied concerning the end of the world, concerning the days of consolation that should come;''this is observed to excite attention, the last words of dying men being usually regarded and remembered:

David the son of Jesse said; he began with his descent, which was comparatively mean, in order to illustrate the distinguishing goodness of God to him in his exaltation:

and the man who was raised up on high; from a low estate to an high one, from the sheepfold to the throne, to be king over all the tribes of Israel, and a conqueror, and head of the nations round about him:

the anointed of the God of Jacob; who was anointed king by Samuel by the order of the God of Jacob; and which was an instance of his being the God of Jacob or Israel, and of his care of them, and regard unto them, that he anointed such a man to be king over them, as well as it was an honour to David:

and the sweet psalmist of Israel; who composed most of the psalms and hymns of praise for the people of Israel; invented and set the tunes to them to which they were to be sung, and the instruments of music on which they were sung; and appointed singers to preside, and lead them in that part of divine worship, singing psalms and hymns; and very sweet were the psalms he composed as to the matter of them, and very sweet and delightful to the ear was the music in the manner of singing them: it may be rendered, who was "sweet" or "pleasant in the songs of Israel" g, his warlike exploits and victories being the subject of them, 1Sa 18:6,

said; as follows; for all that goes before are the words of the penman of this book, drawing the character of David; in which he was a type of Christ, a branch out of the root of Jesse, highly exalted, and chosen from among the people, anointed to be prophet, priest, and King; and who sweetly expounded the psalms concerning himself, and ordered them to be sung in the churches, and of which he is the subject, and may be said to be sweetly held forth in them, see Luk 24:44.

Gill: 2Sa 23:2 - -- The Spirit of the Lord spake by me,.... The psalms and songs he composed were not the fruits of his own genius, but were written by him under the insp...

The Spirit of the Lord spake by me,.... The psalms and songs he composed were not the fruits of his own genius, but were written by him under the inspiration of the Spirit of God; by whom holy men of God, the penmen of the Scriptures, spoke, even as they were moved by the Holy Ghost, of whom David was one, being a prophet; see Act 1:16 Act 2:30; so the Targum here,"David spoke by the spirit of prophecy of the Lord:''or spake "in me" h; what he spoke was first internally impressed upon his mind by the Spirit of God, and then he expressed it with his tongue, as follows:

and his word was in my tongue; not only the matter of his psalms was indited by the Spirit of God, and suggested to his mind; but the very words in which they are delivered were given to him, and he was directed to make use of them, and did.

Gill: 2Sa 23:3 - -- The God of Israel said,.... To David, or by him; he who was the covenant God of Israel literally considered, and is the covenant God and Father of the...

The God of Israel said,.... To David, or by him; he who was the covenant God of Israel literally considered, and is the covenant God and Father of the whole spiritual Israel, and who is owned, believed in, and worshipped by them:

the Rock of Israel spake to me; the same with the God of Israel in other words, who is the strength and security of Israel; or the second divine Person, the Son and Word of God, is meant, who is often called a rock in Scripture; and is the rock on which the Israel or church of God is built, and in whom it remains safe and firm, the gates of hell not being able to prevail against it; and so here is an instance and proof of a trinity of persons in the Godhead; the God of Israel, Jehovah the Father; the Rock of Israel, Jehovah the Son; and the Spirit of Jehovah, as in 2Sa 23:2, who is Jehovah the Spirit: now what was said by these three divine Persons to David, and by him, and concerning himself as a type of the Messiah, follows:

he that ruleth over men must be just, ruling in the fear of God; which is a character every king among men ought to have, administering justice to their subjects; ruling not only according to the laws of the land, but according to the law of God; having his fear before their eyes, and acting with a view to his honour and glory, whose vicegerents they are, and to whom they are accountable; they should rule with gentleness and humanity, considering they are men, and not brutes, they rule over. Agamemnon in Homer is often called "king of men". This character, in all respects, was found in David, 2Sa 8:15; and may be here given as an instruction to his son and successor, Solomon; and is in all respects applicable to the Messiah, who is a "ruler" or King by the designation of his father; a ruler "over men", even over all men, yea, over the greatest of men, King of kings, and Lord of lords, and especially, and in an eminent sense, King of saints; and he is "just", a King that reigns in righteousness, righteous in all his ways and works, and particularly just as a King, as well as in all his other characters, see Jer 23:5; and upon whom, as man and Mediator, the Spirit of "the fear of the Lord" rests, and under the influence of which, as such, he has acted, Isa 11:1; so the Targum applies these words to the Messiah thus,"the true Judge said, he would appoint to me a King, who is the Messiah, who shall arise and rule in the fear of the Lord:''and they may be rendered, there shall be "a ruler over men, just, ruling in the fear of God"; or ruling, appointing, ordering, and directing the worship of God, and the ordinances of it under the Gospel dispensation, as Christ did, see Mat 28:18.

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 2Sa 23:1 Or “pleasant.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 23:3 Heb “rock,” used as a metaphor of divine protection.

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 23:1 Now these [be] the ( a ) last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man [who was] raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, ...

Geneva Bible: 2Sa 23:2 The Spirit of the LORD spake by me, and his word [was] in my ( b ) tongue. ( b ) Meaning, he spoke nothing but by the motion of God's Spirit.

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Commentary -- Verse Range Notes

TSK Synopsis: 2Sa 23:1-39 - --1 David, in his last words, professes his faith in God's promises to be beyond sense or experience.6 The different state of the wicked.8 A catalogue o...

Maclaren: 2Sa 23:1-7 - --2 Samuel 23:1-7 It was fitting that the last words of David' should be a prophecy of the true King, whom his own failures and sins, no less than his c...

MHCC: 2Sa 23:1-7 - --These words of David are very worthy of regard. Let those who have had long experience of God's goodness, and the pleasantness of heavenly wisdom, whe...

Matthew Henry: 2Sa 23:1-7 - -- We have here the last will and testament of king David, or a codicil annexed to it, after he had settled the crown upon Solomon and his treasures up...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Sa 23:1-7 - -- The psalm of thanksgiving, in which David praised the Lord for all the deliverances and benefits that he had experienced throughout the whole of his...

Constable: 2Sa 21:1--24:25 - --VII. SUMMARY ILLUSTRATIONS chs. 21--24 The last major section of the Book of Samuel (2 Sam. 21-24) consists of s...

Constable: 2Sa 23:1-7 - --D. David's Last Testament 23:1-7 The combination of David's final song (ch. 22) followed by his last tes...

Guzik: 2Sa 23:1-39 - --2 Samuel 23 - David's Last Psalm A. David's last psalm. 1. (1-4) The character of God's perfect king. Now these are the last words of David. Th...

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Introduction / Outline

JFB: 2 Samuel (Book Introduction) THE FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF SAMUEL. The two were, by the ancient Jews, conjoined so as to make one book, and in that form could be called the Book o...

JFB: 2 Samuel (Outline) AN AMALEKITE BRINGS TIDINGS OF SAUL'S DEATH. (2Sa. 1:1-16) DAVID LAMENTS SAUL AND JONATHAN. (2Sa 1:17-27) DAVID, BY GOD'S DIRECTION, GOES UP TO HEBRO...

TSK: 2 Samuel 23 (Chapter Introduction) Overview 2Sa 23:1, David, in his last words, professes his faith in God’s promises to be beyond sense or experience; 2Sa 23:6, The different sta...

Poole: 2 Samuel 23 (Chapter Introduction) SAMUEL CHAPTER 23 David’ s last words: a character of himself; of a good ruler, and his usefulness, 2Sa 23:1 . His faith on God’ s covena...

MHCC: 2 Samuel (Book Introduction) This book is the history of the reign of king David. It relates his victories, the growth of the prosperity of Israel, and his reformation of the stat...

MHCC: 2 Samuel 23 (Chapter Introduction) (2Sa 23:1-7) David's last words. (v. 8-39) David's mighty men.

Matthew Henry: 2 Samuel (Book Introduction) An Exposition, with Practical Observations, of The Second Book of Samuel This book is the history of the reign of king David. We had in the foregoing ...

Matthew Henry: 2 Samuel 23 (Chapter Introduction) The historian is now drawing towards a conclusion of David's reign, and therefore gives us an account here, I. Of some of his last words, which he...

Constable: 2 Samuel (Book Introduction) Introduction Second Samuel continues the history begun in 1 Samuel. Please see my comments regarding 2 Samuel's title, d...

Constable: 2 Samuel (Outline) Outline (Continued from notes on 1 Samuel) V. David's triumphs chs. 1-8 ...

Constable: 2 Samuel 2 Samuel Bibliography Achtemeier, Paul J., and Elizabeth Achtemeier. The Old Testament Roots of Our Faith. Phil...

Haydock: 2 Samuel (Book Introduction) THE SECOND BOOK OF SAMUEL; otherwise called, THE SECOND BOOK OF KINGS. INTRODUCTION. This Book contains the transactions of David till the end ...

Gill: 2 Samuel (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO 2 SAMUEL This book, in many copies of the Hebrew Bible, is carried on without any new title put unto it; the reason of it is, becau...

Gill: 2 Samuel 23 (Chapter Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO SECOND SAMUEL 23 In this chapter are recorded the last words of David under a divine inspiration, 2Sa 23:1; and an account is given...

Advanced Commentary (Dictionaries, Hymns, Arts, Sermon Illustration, Question and Answers, etc)


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