Text -- Ezekiel 10:12-22 (NET)

10:12 along with their entire bodies, their backs, their hands, and their wings. The wheels of the four of them were full of eyes all around. 10:13 As for their wheels, they were called “the wheelwork” as I listened. 10:14 Each of the cherubim had four faces: The first was the face of a cherub, the second that of a man, the third that of a lion, and the fourth that of an eagle. 10:15 The cherubim rose up; these were the living beings I saw at the Kebar River. 10:16 When the cherubim moved, the wheels moved beside them; when the cherubim spread their wings to rise from the ground, the wheels did not move from their side. 10:17 When the cherubim stood still, the wheels stood still, and when they rose up, the wheels rose up with them, for the spirit of the living beings was in the wheels. 10:18 Then the glory of the Lord moved away from the threshold of the temple and stopped above the cherubim. 10:19 The cherubim spread their wings, and they rose up from the earth while I watched (when they went the wheels went alongside them). They stopped at the entrance to the east gate of the Lord’s temple as the glory of the God of Israel hovered above them. 10:20 These were the living creatures which I saw at the Kebar River underneath the God of Israel; I knew that they were cherubim. 10:21 Each had four faces; each had four wings and the form of human hands under the wings. 10:22 As for the form of their faces, they were the faces whose appearance I had seen at the Kebar River. Each one moved straight ahead.

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Eze 10:12

¹ tc The phrase “along with their entire bodies” is absent from the LXX and may be a gloss explaining the following words.

NET Notes: Eze 10:13

¹ tn Or “the whirling wheels.”

NET Notes: Eze 10:14

¹ tn Heb “each one”; the referent (the cherubim) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

² sn The living creature described here is thus slightly different from the one described in Ezek 1:10, where a bull’s face appeared instead of a cherub’s. Note that some English versions harmonize the two descriptions and read the same here as in 1:10 (cf. NAB, NLT “an ox”; TEV, CEV “a bull”). This may be justified based on v. 22, which states the creatures’ appearance was the same.

NET Notes: Eze 10:15

¹ tn Heb “it was the living creature.”

NET Notes: Eze 10:16

¹ tn Heb “lifted.”

NET Notes: Eze 10:17

¹ tn Heb “they”; the referent (the cherubim) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

² tn Heb “they”; the referent (the wheels) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

³ tn Heb “they”; the referent (the wheels) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁴ tn Or “wind.”

⁵ tn Heb “living creature.”

⁶ tn Heb “them”; the referent (the wheels) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

NET Notes: Eze 10:19

¹ tn Heb “lifted.”

² tn Or “the ground” (NIV, NCV).

NET Notes: Eze 10:20

¹ tn Heb “That was the living creature.”