Text -- Ezekiel 19:2-14 (NET)

19:2 and say: “‘What a lioness was your mother among the lions! She lay among young lions; she reared her cubs. 19:3 She reared one of her cubs; he became a young lion. He learned to tear prey; he devoured people. 19:4 The nations heard about him; he was trapped in their pit. They brought him with hooks to the land of Egypt. 19:5 “‘When she realized that she waited in vain, her hope was lost. She took another of her cubs and made him a young lion. 19:6 He walked about among the lions; he became a young lion. He learned to tear prey; he devoured people. 19:7 He broke down their strongholds and devastated their cities. The land and everything in it was frightened at the sound of his roaring. 19:8 The nations– the surrounding regions– attacked him. They threw their net over him; he was caught in their pit. 19:9 They put him in a collar with hooks; they brought him to the king of Babylon; they brought him to prison so that his voice would not be heard any longer on the mountains of Israel. 19:10 “‘Your mother was like a vine in your vineyard, planted by water. It was fruitful and full of branches because it was well-watered. 19:11 Its boughs were strong, fit for rulers’ scepters; it reached up into the clouds. It stood out because of its height and its many branches. 19:12 But it was plucked up in anger; it was thrown down to the ground. The east wind dried up its fruit; its strong branches broke off and withered– a fire consumed them. 19:13 Now it is planted in the wilderness, in a dry and thirsty land. 19:14 A fire has gone out from its branch; it has consumed its shoot and its fruit. No strong branch was left in it, nor a scepter to rule.’ This is a lament song, and has become a lament song.”

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Eze 19:2

¹ sn Lions probably refer to Judahite royalty and/or nobility. The lioness appears to symbolize the Davidic dynasty, though some see the referent as Hamutal, the wife of Josiah and mother of Jehoahaz and Zedekiah. Gen 49:9 seems to be the background for Judah being compared to lions.

NET Notes: Eze 19:3

¹ tn Heb “a man.”

NET Notes: Eze 19:4

¹ sn The description applies to king Jehoahaz (2 Kgs 23:31-34; Jer 22:10-12).

NET Notes: Eze 19:5

¹ sn The identity of this second lion is unclear; the referent is probably Jehoiakim or Zedekiah. If the lioness is Hamutal, then Zedekiah is the lion described here.

NET Notes: Eze 19:7

¹ tc The Hebrew text reads “knew,” but is apparently the result of a ר-ד (dalet-resh) confusion. For a defense of the emendation, see L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 1:284. However, Allen retains the reading “widows” as the object of the verb, which he understands in the sense of “do harm to,” and translates the line: “He did harm to women by making them widows” (p. 282). The line also appears to be lacking a beat for the meter of the poem.

² tc The Hebrew text reads “widows” instead of “strongholds,” apparently due to a confusion of ר (resh) and ל (lamed). L. C. Allen (Ezekiel [WBC], 1:284) favors the traditional text, understanding “widows” in the sense of “women made widows.” D. I. Block, (Ezekiel [NICOT], 1:602) also defends the Hebrew text, arguing that the image is that of a dominant male lion who takes over the pride and by copulating with the females lays claim to his predecessor’s “widows.”

NET Notes: Eze 19:9

¹ tn Or “They put him in a neck stock with hooks.” The noun סּוּגַר (sugar), translated “collar,” occurs only here in the Bible. L. C. Allen and D. I. Block point out a Babylonian cognate that refers to a device for transporting prisoners of war that held them by their necks (D. I. Block, Ezekiel [NICOT], 1:597, n. 35; L. C. Allen, Ezekiel [WBC], 1:284). Based on the Hebrew root, the traditional rendering had been “cage” (cf. ASV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).

² tc The term in the MT occurs only here and in Eccl 9:12 where it refers to a net for catching fish. The LXX translates this as “prison,” which assumes a confusion of dalet and resh took place in the MT.

NET Notes: Eze 19:10

¹ tc The Hebrew text reads “in your blood,” but most emend to “in your vineyard,” assuming a ב-כ (beth-kaph) confusion. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 1:284. Another attractive emendation assumes a faulty word division and yields the reading “like a vine full of tendrils, which/because…”; see D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:607, n. 68.

NET Notes: Eze 19:11

¹ tn The word “fit” does not occur in the Hebrew text.

² tn Heb “and it was seen by its height and by the abundance of its branches.”

NET Notes: Eze 19:12

¹ sn The east wind symbolizes the Babylonians.

NET Notes: Eze 19:13

¹ sn This metaphor depicts the Babylonian exile of the Davidic dynasty.

NET Notes: Eze 19:14

¹ tn The verse describes the similar situation recorded in Judg 9:20.