Text -- Ezekiel 28:1-13 (NET)

A Prophecy Against the King of Tyre

28:1 The word of the Lord came to me: 28:2 “Son of man, say to the prince of Tyre, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: “‘Your heart is proud and you said, “I am a god; I sit in the seat of gods, in the heart of the seas”– yet you are a man and not a god, though you think you are godlike. 28:3 Look, you are wiser than Daniel; no secret is hidden from you. 28:4 By your wisdom and understanding you have gained wealth for yourself; you have amassed gold and silver in your treasuries. 28:5 By your great skill in trade you have increased your wealth, and your heart is proud because of your wealth. 28:6 “‘Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: Because you think you are godlike, 28:7 I am about to bring foreigners against you, the most terrifying of nations. They will draw their swords against the grandeur made by your wisdom, and they will defile your splendor. 28:8 They will bring you down to the pit, and you will die violently in the heart of the seas. 28:9 Will you still say, “I am a god,” before the one who kills you– though you are a man and not a god– when you are in the power of those who wound you? 28:10 You will die the death of the uncircumcised by the hand of foreigners; for I have spoken, declares the sovereign Lord.’” 28:11 The word of the Lord came to me: 28:12 “Son of man, sing a lament for the king of Tyre, and say to him, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: “‘You were the sealer of perfection, full of wisdom, and perfect in beauty. 28:13 You were in Eden, the garden of God. Every precious stone was your covering, the ruby, topaz, and emerald, the chrysolite, onyx, and jasper, the sapphire, turquoise, and beryl; your settings and mounts were made of gold. On the day you were created they were prepared.

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Eze 28:2

¹ tn Or “ruler” (NIV, NCV).

² tn Heb “lifted up.”

sn See Prov 16:5.

³ tn Or “I am divine.”

⁴ tn Heb “and you made your heart (mind) like the heart (mind) of gods.”

NET Notes: Eze 28:3

¹ sn Or perhaps “Danel” (so TEV), referring to a ruler known from Canaanite legend. See the note on “Daniel” in 14:14. A reference to Danel (preserved in legend at Ugarit, near the northern end of the Phoenician coast) makes more sense here when addressing Tyre than in 14:14.

² sn The tone here is sarcastic, reflecting the ruler’s view of himself.

NET Notes: Eze 28:5

¹ tn Or “wisdom.”

NET Notes: Eze 28:6

¹ tn Heb “because of your making your heart like the heart of gods.”

NET Notes: Eze 28:7

¹ sn This is probably a reference to the Babylonians.

² tn Heb “they will draw their swords against the beauty of your wisdom.”

NET Notes: Eze 28:8

¹ tn Heb “you will die the death of the slain.”

NET Notes: Eze 28:10

¹ sn The Phoenicians practiced circumcision, so the language here must be figurative, indicating that they would be treated in a disgraceful manner. Uncircumcised peoples were viewed as inferior, unclean, and perhaps even sub-human. See 31:18 and 32:17-32, as well as the discussion in D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:99.

NET Notes: Eze 28:12

¹ tn Heb “lift up.”

² tn For a discussion of possible nuances of this phrase, see M. Greenberg, Ezekiel (AB), 2:580-81.

NET Notes: Eze 28:13

¹ sn The imagery of the lament appears to draw upon an extrabiblical Eden tradition about the expulsion of the first man (see v. 14 and the note there) from the garden due to his pride. The biblical Eden tradition speaks of cherubs placed as guardians at the garden entrance following the sin of Adam and Eve (Gen 3:24), but no guardian cherub like the one described in verse 14 is depicted or mentioned in the biblical account. Ezekiel’s imagery also appears to reflect Mesopotamian and Canaanite mythology at certain points. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:119-20.

² tn The exact identification of each gemstone is uncertain. The list should be compared to that of the priest in Exod 28:17-20, which lists twelve stones in rows of three. The LXX apparently imports the Exod 28 list. See reference to the types of stones in L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:91.