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Text -- Hebrews 13:22-25 (NET)

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Context
13:22 Now I urge you, brothers and sisters, bear with my message of exhortation, for in fact I have written to you briefly. 13:23 You should know that our brother Timothy has been released. If he comes soon, he will be with me when I see you. 13:24 Greetings to all your leaders and all the saints. Those from Italy send you greetings. 13:25 Grace be with you all.
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Italy a country west of Greece, whose capital is Rome
 · Timothy a young man of Lystra who travelled with Paul and to whom two epistles were addressed


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Timothy | Persecution | PAUL, THE APOSTLE, 5 | Love | Italy | Hebrews, Epistle to | HEBREWS, EPISTLE TO THE | Forbearance | EXHORTATION | Church | Benedictions | BIBLE, THE, IV CANONICITY | more
Table of Contents

Word/Phrase Notes
Robertson , Vincent , Wesley , JFB , Clarke , Calvin , Defender , TSK

Word/Phrase Notes
Barnes , Poole , Haydock , Gill

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

Verse Range Notes
TSK Synopsis , Combined Bible , MHCC , Matthew Henry , Barclay , Constable , College

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per phrase)

Robertson: Heb 13:22 - -- Bear with ( anechesthe ). Present middle imperative (some MSS. have anechesthai , infinitive) of anechō with the ablative, "hold yourselves back ...

Bear with ( anechesthe ).

Present middle imperative (some MSS. have anechesthai , infinitive) of anechō with the ablative, "hold yourselves back from"as in Col 3:13.

Robertson: Heb 13:22 - -- The word of exhortation ( tou logou tēs paraklēseōs ). His description of the entire Epistle. It certainly is that, a powerful appeal in fact.

The word of exhortation ( tou logou tēs paraklēseōs ).

His description of the entire Epistle. It certainly is that, a powerful appeal in fact.

Robertson: Heb 13:22 - -- I have written ( epesteila ). First aorist active indicative (epistolary aorist) of epistellō , old word to send a letter (epistolē ) as in Act ...

I have written ( epesteila ).

First aorist active indicative (epistolary aorist) of epistellō , old word to send a letter (epistolē ) as in Act 15:20.

Robertson: Heb 13:22 - -- In few words ( dia bracheōn ). Common Greek idiom, here only in N.T. (from brachus , brief, short). Cf. di' oligōn egrapsa in 1Pe 5:12.

In few words ( dia bracheōn ).

Common Greek idiom, here only in N.T. (from brachus , brief, short). Cf. di' oligōn egrapsa in 1Pe 5:12.

Robertson: Heb 13:23 - -- Hath been set at liberty ( apolelumenon ). Perfect passive participle of apoluō , to set free, in indirect discourse after ginōskete . Possibly f...

Hath been set at liberty ( apolelumenon ).

Perfect passive participle of apoluō , to set free, in indirect discourse after ginōskete . Possibly from prison if he came to Rome at Paul’ s request (2Ti 4:11, 2Ti 4:21).

Robertson: Heb 13:23 - -- Shortly ( tacheion ). Same comparative as in Heb 13:19, "sooner"than I expect (?).

Shortly ( tacheion ).

Same comparative as in Heb 13:19, "sooner"than I expect (?).

Robertson: Heb 13:24 - -- They of Italy ( hoi apo tēs Italias ). Either those with the author in Italy or those who have come from Italy to the author outside of Italy.

They of Italy ( hoi apo tēs Italias ).

Either those with the author in Italy or those who have come from Italy to the author outside of Italy.

Vincent: Heb 13:22 - -- Suffer the word of exhortation ( ἀνέχεσθε τοῦ λόγου τῆς παρακλήσεως ) For " suffer," rend. " bear with...

Suffer the word of exhortation ( ἀνέχεσθε τοῦ λόγου τῆς παρακλήσεως )

For " suffer," rend. " bear with." See Act 18:14; 2Co 11:1; 2Ti 4:3. Do not become impatient at my counsels in this letter. The word of exhortation refers to the entire epistle which he regards as hortatory rather than didactic or consolatory. The phrase only in Act 13:15.

Vincent: Heb 13:22 - -- I have written a letter unto you ( ἐπέστειλα ὑμῖν ) A.V. supplies a letter . Rend. " I have written unto you." The verb on...

I have written a letter unto you ( ἐπέστειλα ὑμῖν )

A.V. supplies a letter . Rend. " I have written unto you." The verb only here, Act 15:20; Act 21:25. Lit. to send , not letters only. Sometimes with ἐπιστολαὶ or ἐπιστολὰς letters added, as Neh 6:19; 1 Macc. 12:7. In N.T. always of sending a letter.

Vincent: Heb 13:22 - -- In a few words ( διὰ βραχέων ) There is a suggestion of apology. Do not grow impatient. The letter is short. The phrase N.T.o , bu...

In a few words ( διὰ βραχέων )

There is a suggestion of apology. Do not grow impatient. The letter is short. The phrase N.T.o , but comp. δἰ ὀλίγων , 1Pe 5:12, and ἐν ὀλίγῳ briefly , Eph 3:3.

Vincent: Heb 13:23 - -- Our brother Timothy ( τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἡμῶν Τιμόθεον ) Paul's habit, when using ὁ ἀδελφός brother wi...

Our brother Timothy ( τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἡμῶν Τιμόθεον )

Paul's habit, when using ὁ ἀδελφός brother with a proper name, is to put the proper name first. See Rom 16:23; 1Co 1:1; 1Co 16:12; 2Co 1:1; 2Co 2:13; Phi 2:25.

Vincent: Heb 13:23 - -- Set at liberty ( ἀπολελυμένον ) Nothing is known of the fact referred to. Ἁπολύειν of releasing from confinement, Ma...

Set at liberty ( ἀπολελυμένον )

Nothing is known of the fact referred to. Ἁπολύειν of releasing from confinement, Mat 27:15; Joh 19:10; Act 3:13; Act 4:21, Act 4:23; Act 5:40.

Vincent: Heb 13:24 - -- They of Italy ( οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἱταλίας ) This may mean, " those who are in Italy send greeting from Italy" ; or, " those o...

They of Italy ( οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἱταλίας )

This may mean, " those who are in Italy send greeting from Italy" ; or, " those of Italy (Italian Christians with the writer at the time) send greeting' from the place at which the letter is being written. See Introduction. The phrase affords no reliable indication as to the residence of the persons addressed.

Wesley: Heb 13:22 - -- Addressed to you in this letter, which, though longer than my usual letters, is yet contained in few words, considering the copiousness of the subject...

Addressed to you in this letter, which, though longer than my usual letters, is yet contained in few words, considering the copiousness of the subject.

Wesley: Heb 13:23 - -- To me.

To me.

Wesley: Heb 13:25 - -- - Grace be with you all - St. Paul's usual benediction. God apply it to our hearts!

- Grace be with you all - St. Paul's usual benediction. God apply it to our hearts!

JFB: Heb 13:22 - -- The Hebrews not being the section of the Church assigned to Paul (but the Gentiles), he uses gentle entreaty, rather than authoritative command.

The Hebrews not being the section of the Church assigned to Paul (but the Gentiles), he uses gentle entreaty, rather than authoritative command.

JFB: Heb 13:22 - -- Compared with what might be said on so important a subject. Few, in an Epistle which is more of a treatise than an Epistle (compare 1Pe 5:12). On the ...

Compared with what might be said on so important a subject. Few, in an Epistle which is more of a treatise than an Epistle (compare 1Pe 5:12). On the seeming inconsistency with Gal 6:11, compare Note, see on Gal 6:11.

JFB: Heb 13:23 - -- So Paul, 1Co 4:17; 2Co 1:1; Col 1:1; 1Th 3:2.

JFB: Heb 13:23 - -- From prison. So Aristarchus was imprisoned with Paul. BIRKS translates, "dismissed," "sent away," namely, on a mission to Greece, as Paul promised (Ph...

From prison. So Aristarchus was imprisoned with Paul. BIRKS translates, "dismissed," "sent away," namely, on a mission to Greece, as Paul promised (Phi 2:19). However, some kind of previous detention is implied before his being let go to Philippi. Paul, though now at large, was still in Italy, whence he sends the salutations of Italian Christians (Heb 13:24), waiting for Timothy to join him, so as to start for Jerusalem: we know from 1Ti 1:3, he and Timothy were together at Ephesus after his departing from Italy eastward. He probably left Timothy there and went to Philippi as he had promised. Paul implies that if Timothy shall not come shortly, he will start on his journey to the Hebrews at once.

JFB: Heb 13:24 - -- The Scriptures are intended for all, young and old, not merely for ministers. Compare the different classes addressed, "wives," Eph 5:22; little child...

The Scriptures are intended for all, young and old, not merely for ministers. Compare the different classes addressed, "wives," Eph 5:22; little children, 1Jo 2:18; "all," 1Pe 3:8; 1Pe 5:5. He says here "all," for the Hebrews whom he addresses were not all in one place, though the Jerusalem Hebrews are chiefly addressed.

JFB: Heb 13:24 - -- Not merely the brethren at Rome, but of other places in Italy.

Not merely the brethren at Rome, but of other places in Italy.

JFB: Heb 13:25 - -- Paul's characteristic salutation in every one of his other thirteen Epistles, as he says himself, 1Co 16:21, 1Co 16:23; Col 4:18; 2Th 3:17. It is foun...

Paul's characteristic salutation in every one of his other thirteen Epistles, as he says himself, 1Co 16:21, 1Co 16:23; Col 4:18; 2Th 3:17. It is found in no Epistle written by any other apostle in Paul's lifetime. It is used in Rev 22:21, written subsequently, and in CLEMENT OF ROME. Being known to be his badge, it is not used by others in his lifetime. The Greek here is, "The grace (namely, of our Lord Jesus Christ) be with you all."

Clarke: Heb 13:22 - -- Suffer the word of exhortation - Bear the word or doctrine of this exhortation. This seems to be an epithet of this whole epistle: and as the apostl...

Suffer the word of exhortation - Bear the word or doctrine of this exhortation. This seems to be an epithet of this whole epistle: and as the apostle had in it shown the insufficiency of the Levitical system to atone for sin and save the soul; and had proved that it was the design of God that it should be abolished; and had proved also that it was now abolished by the coming of Christ, whom he had shown to be a greater priest than Aaron, higher than all the angels, the only Son of God as to his human nature, and the Creator, Governor, and Judge of all; and that their city was shortly to be destroyed; he might suppose that they would feel prejudiced against him, and thus lose the benefit of his kind intentions toward them; therefore he entreats them to bear the exhortation which, notwithstanding the great extent of the subject, he had included in a short compass

Clarke: Heb 13:22 - -- I have written a letter unto you in few words - Perhaps it would be better to translate δια βραχεων επεστειλα ὑμιν, I have...

I have written a letter unto you in few words - Perhaps it would be better to translate δια βραχεων επεστειλα ὑμιν, I have written to you briefly, as επιστελλειν often signifies simply to write, and this appears to be its meaning here.

Clarke: Heb 13:23 - -- Know ye that our brother Timothy - The word ἡμων, our, which is supplied by our translators, is very probably genuine, as it is found in ACD*...

Know ye that our brother Timothy - The word ἡμων, our, which is supplied by our translators, is very probably genuine, as it is found in ACD*, ten others, the Syriac, Erpen’ s Arabic, the Coptic, Armenian, Slavonic, and Vulgate

Clarke: Heb 13:23 - -- Is set at liberty - Απολελυμενον· Is sent away; for there is no evidence that Timothy had been imprisoned. It is probable that the ap...

Is set at liberty - Απολελυμενον· Is sent away; for there is no evidence that Timothy had been imprisoned. It is probable that the apostle refers here to his being sent into Macedonia, Phi 2:19-24, in order that he might bring the apostle an account of the affairs of the Church in that country. In none of St. Paul’ s epistles, written during his confinement in Rome, does he give any intimation of Timothy’ s imprisonment, although it appears from Phi 1:1; Col 1:1; Phm 1:1; that he was with Paul during the greatest part of the time

Clarke: Heb 13:23 - -- With whom, if he come shortly, I will see you - Therefore Paul himself, or the writer of this epistle, was now at liberty, as he had the disposal of...

With whom, if he come shortly, I will see you - Therefore Paul himself, or the writer of this epistle, was now at liberty, as he had the disposal of his person and time in his own power. Some suppose that Timothy did actually visit Paul about this time, and that both together visited the Churches in Judea.

Clarke: Heb 13:24 - -- Salute all them that have the rule over you - Salute all your leaders or guides, τους ἡγουμενους ὑμων . See on Heb 13:7 (note...

Salute all them that have the rule over you - Salute all your leaders or guides, τους ἡγουμενους ὑμων . See on Heb 13:7 (note) and Heb 13:17 (note)

Clarke: Heb 13:24 - -- And all the saints - All the Christians; for this is the general meaning of the term in most parts of St. Paul’ s writings. But a Christian was...

And all the saints - All the Christians; for this is the general meaning of the term in most parts of St. Paul’ s writings. But a Christian was then a saint, i.e. by profession a holy person; and most of the primitive Christians were actually such. But in process of time the term was applied to all that bore the Christian name; as elect, holy people, sanctified, etc., were to the nation of the Jews, when both their piety and morality were at a very low ebb

Clarke: Heb 13:24 - -- They of Italy salute you - Therefore it is most likely that the writer of this epistle was then in some part of Italy, from which he had not as yet ...

They of Italy salute you - Therefore it is most likely that the writer of this epistle was then in some part of Italy, from which he had not as yet removed after his being released from prison. By they of Italy probably the apostle means the Jew’ s there who had embraced the Christian faith. These salutations show what a brotherly feeling existed in every part of the Christian Church; even those who had not seen each other yet loved one another, and felt deeply interested for each other’ s welfare.

Clarke: Heb 13:25 - -- Grace be with you all - May the Divine favor ever rest upon you and among you; and may you receive, from that source of all good, whatsoever is calc...

Grace be with you all - May the Divine favor ever rest upon you and among you; and may you receive, from that source of all good, whatsoever is calculated to make you wise, holy, useful, and happy! And may you be enabled to persevere in the truth to the end of your lives! Amen. May it be so! May God seal the prayer by giving the blessings

The subscriptions to this epistle are, as in other cases, various and contradictory

The Versions are as follow: -

The Epistle to the Hebrews was written from Roman Italy, and sent by the hand of Timothy. - Syriac

Vulgate nothing, in the present printed copies

It was written from Italy by Timothy: with the assistance of God, disposing every thing right, the fourteen epistles of the blessed Paul are completed, according to the copy from which they have been transcribed

May the Lord extend his benedictions to us. Amen. - Arabic

The Epistle to the Hebrews is completed. The end. - Aethiopic

Written in Italy, and sent by Timothy. - Coptic

The Manuscripts, and ancient editions taken from MSS., are not more to be relied on

To the Hebrews, written from Rome. - Codex Alexandrinus

The epistles of Saint Paul the apostle arc finished. - Colophon, at the end of this epistle; in one of the first printed Bibles; and in an ancient MS. of the Vulgate in my own collection

The end of the Epistle to the Hebrews. - Greek Text of the Complutensian Edition

The Epistle of the blessed Paul to the Hebrews is finished. - Latin Text of ditto

To the Hebrews. - The Epistle of Paul the apostle to the Hebrews. - The Epistle to the Hebrews, written from Italy. - From Athens. - From Italy by Timothy. - Written in the Hebrew tongue, etc. - Various MSS

Written to the Hebrews from Italy by Timothy. - Common Greek Text

That it was neither written from Athens, nor in the Hebrew tongue, is more than probable; and that it was not sent by Timothy, is evident from Heb 13:23. For the author, time, place, and people to whom sent, see the Introduction.

Calvin: Heb 13:22 - -- 22.=== And I beseech you, === etc. Some understand this as though he was soliciting them to hear him; but I take another view; for he mentions, as I...

22.=== And I beseech you, === etc. Some understand this as though he was soliciting them to hear him; but I take another view; for he mentions, as I think, that he had written in a few words, or briefly, in order that he might not appear as though he wished to lessen in any degree the ordinary practice of teaching. Let us hence learn that the Scripture has not been committed to us in order to silence the voice of pastors, and that we are not to be fastidious when the same exhortations often sound in our ears; for the holy Spirit has so regulated the writings which he has dictated to the Prophets and the Apostles, that he detracts nothing from the order instituted by himself; and the order is, that constant exhortations should be heard in the Church from the mouth of pastors. And probably he recommends the word of exhortation for this reason, that though men are by nature anxious to learn, they yet prefer to hear something new rather than to be reminded of things known and often heard before. Besides, as they indulge themselves in sloth, they can ill bear to be stimulated and reproved.

Calvin: Heb 13:23 - -- 23.=== Know ye that our brother, === etc. Since the termination of the Greek verbγινώσκετε, will admit of either renderings, we may read,...

23.=== Know ye that our brother, === etc. Since the termination of the Greek verbγινώσκετε, will admit of either renderings, we may read, “Ye know,” or, “Know ye;” but I prefer the latter reading, though I do not reject the other. 293 The probability is, that he was informing the Jews on the other side of the sea of what they did not know. Now, if this Timothy was the renowned companion of Paul, which I am inclined to think, it is very probable that either Luke or Clement was the author of this Epistle. Paul, indeed, more usually calls him his son; and then what immediately follows does not apply to Paul; for it appears that the writer was at liberty and at his own disposal; and besides, that he was then anywhere rather than at Rome; nay, it is very probable, that he was going round through various cities, and was then preparing to pass over the sea. Now all these particulars might have been suitable to the circumstances either of Luke or of Clement after the death of Paul. 294

Calvin: Heb 13:24 - -- 24.Salute, === etc. As he writes his Epistle generally to the Hebrews, it is strange that he bids some, separate from the rest, to be saluted; but h...

24.Salute, === etc. As he writes his Epistle generally to the Hebrews, it is strange that he bids some, separate from the rest, to be saluted; but he sends this salutation, as I think, more particularly to the rulers, as a mark of honor, that he might conciliate them, and gently lead them to assent to his doctrine. And he adds, —

===And all the saints He either means the faithful from among the Gentiles, and refers to them that both Jews and Gentiles might learn to cultivate unity among themselves; or his object was to intimate, that they who first received the Epistle, were to communicate it to others.

END OF THE COMMENTARIES ON THE EPISTLE
TO THE HEBREWS

Defender: Heb 13:24 - -- Note here that, contrary to the usual relationships in the epistles, Gentiles are greeting Jews."

Note here that, contrary to the usual relationships in the epistles, Gentiles are greeting Jews."

TSK: Heb 13:22 - -- suffer : Heb 13:1-3, Heb 13:12-16, Heb 2:1, Heb 3:1, Heb 3:12, Heb 3:13, Heb 4:1, Heb 4:11, Heb 6:11, Heb 6:12, 10:19-39; Heb 12:1, Heb 12:2, Heb 12:1...

TSK: Heb 13:23 - -- brother : Act 16:1-3; 1Th 3:2; Phm 1:1 is set : 1Ti 6:12; 2Ti 1:8; Rev 7:14 I will : Rom 15:25, Rom 15:28; Phm 1:22

TSK: Heb 13:24 - -- Salute : Rom. 16:1-16 the rule : Heb 13:7, Heb 13:17 and all : 2Co 1:1, 2Co 13:13; Phi 1:1, Phi 4:22; Col 1:2; Phm 1:5 They : Rom 16:21-23 Italy : Act...

Salute : Rom. 16:1-16

the rule : Heb 13:7, Heb 13:17

and all : 2Co 1:1, 2Co 13:13; Phi 1:1, Phi 4:22; Col 1:2; Phm 1:5

They : Rom 16:21-23

Italy : Act 18:2, Act 27:1

TSK: Heb 13:25 - -- Rom 1:7, Rom 16:20,Rom 16:24; Eph 6:24; 2Ti 4:22; Tit 3:15; Rev 22:21

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per Verse)

Barnes: Heb 13:22 - -- Suffer the word of exhortation - Referring to the arguments and counsels in this whole Epistle, which is in fact a practical exhortation to per...

Suffer the word of exhortation - Referring to the arguments and counsels in this whole Epistle, which is in fact a practical exhortation to perseverance in adhering to the Christian religion amidst all the temptations which existed to apostasy.

For I have written a letter unto you in few words - This does not mean that this Epistle is short compared with the others that the author had written, for most of the Epistles of Paul are shorter than this. But it means, that it was brief compared with the importance and difficulty of the subjects of which he had treated. The topics introduced would have allowed a much more extended discussion; but in handling them he had made use of as few words as possible. No one can deny this who considers the sententious manner of this Epistle. As an illustration of this, perhaps we may remark that it is easy to expand the thoughts of this Epistle into ample volumes of exposition, and that in fact it is difficult to give an explanation of it without a commentary that shall greatly surpass in extent the text. None can doubt, also, that the author of this Epistle could have himself greatly expanded the thoughts and the Illustrations if he had chosen. It is with reference to such considerations, probably, that he says that the Epistle was brief.

Barnes: Heb 13:23 - -- Know ye that our brother Timothy is set at liberty - Or, is sent away. So it is rendered by Prof. Stuart and others. On the meaning of this, an...

Know ye that our brother Timothy is set at liberty - Or, is sent away. So it is rendered by Prof. Stuart and others. On the meaning of this, and its importance in determining who was the author of the Epistle, see the Introduction section 3, (5) 4, and Prof. Stuart’ s Introduction , section 19. This is a strong circumstance showing that Paul was the author of the Epistle, for from the first acquaintance of Timothy with Paul he is represented as his constant companion, and spoken of as a brother; 2Co 1:1 note; Phi 1:1 note; Col 1:1 note; Phil. 1 note. There is no other one of the apostles who would so naturally have used this term respecting Timothy, and this kind mention is made of him here because he was so dear to the heart of the writer, and because he felt that they to whom he wrote would also feel an interest in his circumstances. As to the meaning of the word rendered "set at liberty"- ἀπολελυμένον apolelumenon - there has been much difference of opinion whether it means "set at liberty from confinement,"or, "sent away on some message to some other place."That the latter is the meaning of the expression appears probable from these considerations.

\caps1 (1) t\caps0 he connection seems to demand it. The writer speaks of him as if he were now away, and as if he hoped that he might soon return. "With whom, if he come shortly, I will see you."This is language which would be used rather of one who had been sent on some embassy than of one who was just released from prison. At all events, he was at this time away, and there was some expectation that he might soon return. But on the supposition that the expression relates to release from imprisonment, there would be an entire incongruity in the language. It is not, as we should then suppose, "our brother Timothy is now released from prison, and therefore I will come soon with him and see you;"but, "our brother Timothy is now sent away, and if he return soon I will come with him to you."

\caps1 (2) i\caps0 n Phi 2:19, Phi 2:23, Paul, then a prisoner at Rome, speaks of the hope which he entertained that he would be able to send Timothy to them as soon as he should know how it would go with him. He designed to retain him until that point was settled, as his presence with him would be important until then, and then to send him to give consolation to the Philippians, and to look into the condition of the church. Now the passage before us agrees well with the supposition that that event had occurred - that Paul had ascertained with sufficient clearness that he would be released, so that he might be permitted yet to visit the Hebrew Christians, that he had sent Timothy to Philippi and was waiting for his return; that as soon as he should return he would be prepared to visit them; and that in the mean time while Timothy was absent, he wrote to them this Epistle.

\caps1 (3) t\caps0 he supposition agrees well with the meaning of the word used here - ἀπολύω apoluō . It denotes properly, to let loose from: to loosen; to unbind; to release; to let go free; to put away or divorce; to dismiss simply, or let go, or send away; see Mat 14:15, Mat 14:22-23; Mat 15:32, Mat 15:39; Luk 9:12, et al.; compare Robinson’ s Lexicon and Stuart’ s Introduction , section 19. The meaning, then, I take to be this, that Timothy was then sent away on some important embassage; that the apostle expected his speedy return; and that then he trusted that he would be able with him to visit those to whom this Epistle was written.

Barnes: Heb 13:24 - -- Salute all them - see the notes on Rom 16:3 ff. It was customary for the apostle Paul to close his epistles with an affectionate salutation. ...

Salute all them - see the notes on Rom 16:3 ff. It was customary for the apostle Paul to close his epistles with an affectionate salutation.

That have the rule over you - notes, Heb 13:7, 17. None are mentioned by name, as is usual in the Epistles of Paul. The cause of this omission is unknown. "And all the saints."The common name given to Christians in the Scriptures; see the notes on Rom 1:7.

They of Italy salute you - The saints or Christians in Italy. Showing that the writer of the Epistle was then in Italy. He was probably in Rome; see the introduction, section 4.

Barnes: Heb 13:25 - -- Grace be with you all - notes, Rom 16:20, Rom 16:24. The subscription at the close of the Epistle "written to the Hebrews from Italy by Timothy...

Grace be with you all - notes, Rom 16:20, Rom 16:24.

The subscription at the close of the Epistle "written to the Hebrews from Italy by Timothy,"like the other subscriptions, is of no authority; see notes at the end of 1 Cor. It is demonstrably erroneous here, for it is expressly said by the author of the Epistle that at the time he wrote it, Timothy was absent; Heb 13:23. In regard to the time and place of writing it, see the Introduction, section 4.

At the close of this exposition, it is not improper to refer the reader to the remarks on its design at the end of the introduction, section 6. Having passed through the exposition, we may see more clearly the importance of the views there presented. There is no book of the New Testament more important than this, and of course none whose want would be more perceptible in the canon of the Scriptures. Every reader of the Old Testament needs such a guide as this Epistle, written by some one who had an intimate acquaintance from childhood with the Jewish system; who had all the advantages of the most able and faithful instruction, and who was under the influence of inspiration, to make us acquainted with the true nature of those institutions Nothing was more important than to settle the principles in regard to the nature of the Jewish economy; to show what was typical, and how those institutions were the means of introducing a far more perfect system - the system of the Christian religion.

If we have right feelings, we shall have sincere gratitude to God that he caused the Christian religion to be prefigured by a system in itself so magnificent and grand as that of the Jewish, and higher gratitude for that sublime system of religion of which the Jewish, with all its splendor, was only the shadow. There was much that was beautiful, cheering, and sublime in the Jewish system. There was much that was grand and awful in the giving of the Law, and much that was imposing in its ceremonies. In its palmy and pure days, it was incomparably the purest and noblest system of religion then on earth. It taught the knowledge of the one true God; inculcated a pure system of morals; preserved the record of the truth on the earth, and held up constantly before man the hope of a better system still in days to come. But it was expensive, burdensome, precise in its prescriptions, and wearisome in its ceremonies; Act 15:10. It was adapted to one people - a people who occupied a small territory, and who could conveniently assemble at the central place of their worship three times in a year. It was not a system adapted to the whole world, nor was it designed for the whole world. When the Saviour came, therefore, to introduce whom was the design of the Jewish economy, it ceased as a matter of course. The Jewish altars were soon thrown down; the temple was razed to the ground, and the city of their solemnities was destroyed. The religion of the Hebrews passed away to be revived no more in its splendor and power, and it has never lived since, except as an empty form.

This Epistle teaches us why it passed away, and why it can never he restored. It is the true key with which to unlock the Old Testament; and with these views, we may remark in conclusion, that he who would understand the Bible thoroughly should make himself familiar with this Epistle; that the canon of Scripture would be incomplete without it; and that, to one who wishes to understand the Revelation which God has given, there is no portion of the volume whose loss would be a more irreparable calamity than that of the Epistle to the Hebrews.

Poole: Heb 13:22 - -- The apostle now drawing to a close, desires them candidly to accept his Epistle; that, considering their relation to him as Christians and Hebrews, ...

The apostle now drawing to a close, desires them candidly to accept his Epistle; that, considering their relation to him as Christians and Hebrews, he doth affectionately entreat them, that they would fully receive, entertain, and hold fast, as well as bear with, or suffer, all the doctrine, reproof, exhortation, and consolation, even his whole discourse to them in this Epistle, which

the word implies. He had so comprised, summed up, and delivered the revelation of the doctrine of Christ, testified by Moses and the prophets, in a very few words, and sent them kindly and affectionately, in the form of an epistle or letter to them, that it might not be burdensome, either for its matter or length: though how weary are most professing Christians of the shortest heavenly discourse!

Poole: Heb 13:23 - -- He acquaints them with the good news of his dismissing Timothy to them, to acquaint them how it fared with him, as he dismissed and sent Tychicus to...

He acquaints them with the good news of his dismissing Timothy to them, to acquaint them how it fared with him, as he dismissed and sent Tychicus to the Colossians, Col 4:7,8 , Epaphroditus to the Philippians, Phi 2:25,28 , as he intended to have sent Timothy with them, Heb 13:19,23,24 , but he stopped him to see the issue of his appearance before Nero Caesar; which being over, he despatched him with an account of it to these Hebrews, and the rest of the churches, and signifieth his purpose, that if he quickly returns from them again, then he would visit them together with him. That the word apolelumenov noteth, or signifieth, the dismission of a person about business, is seen, Act 13:3 . To which interpretation the subscription of the Epistle inclines; and the Scripture is silent of any troubles or restraint of Timothy at all, Phi 2:19,20 .

Poole: Heb 13:24 - -- He sends his salutations, which were good wishes and prayers for the peace, prosperity, health, and happiness of their souls and bodies, and success...

He sends his salutations, which were good wishes and prayers for the peace, prosperity, health, and happiness of their souls and bodies, and success in all their concernments; first unto their excellent guides and rulers, Heb 13:7,17 , that they may prosper and succeed in their work among the saints; and then unto

the saints themselves, conveying the gospel peace, according to Christ’ s command, Mat 10:12 Luk 10:5 . Which saints were all those Hebrews dispersed in several places, and there convening, and maintaining church society; and to whose hand the Epistle first came, they were to receive the salutations themselves, and transmit them to others. With his own he transmits the salutations of all that part of the church of Christ which was in Italy to them. Which salutations, though commonly abused, yet are of great weight and worth where communicated and received by the churches in which the Holy Spirit abideth.

Poole: Heb 13:25 - -- He closeth all with his wonted gracious valediction, wherewith he shutteth up all his Epistles, as he testifieth, 2Th 3:17,18 . He, like an apostle ...

He closeth all with his wonted gracious valediction, wherewith he shutteth up all his Epistles, as he testifieth, 2Th 3:17,18 . He, like an apostle influenced by the Divine Spirit, admiring grace vouchsafed to himself, and heartily and fervently wishing it down upon all to whom he writeth, even all the spiritual fruits of God’ s grace and love in Jesus Christ, from election to salvation. And he sealeth up his desire, prayer, and declaration of this, upon them

all who were the true subjects of it, with his

Amen Even so let the whole earth be filled with the glory of thy grace, O Trinity of relations in Unity of essence, from henceforth and for ever. Amen.

Written to the Hebrews from Italy by Timothy.

Haydock: Heb 13:22 - -- Bear with the word of consolation, with what I have written to exhort and comfort you in a very few words, considering the importance of the subject,...

Bear with the word of consolation, with what I have written to exhort and comfort you in a very few words, considering the importance of the subject, and the sublime mysteries. (Witham)

Haydock: Heb 13:23 - -- Our brother, Timothy, is set at liberty. From which we may conjecture that Timothy had been a prisoner, though it is not known where, nor on what oc...

Our brother, Timothy, is set at liberty. From which we may conjecture that Timothy had been a prisoner, though it is not known where, nor on what occasion. (Witham)

Gill: Heb 13:22 - -- And I beseech you, brethren,.... The apostle closes his epistle to the Hebrews in a very tender and affectionate manner, calling them "brethren", as h...

And I beseech you, brethren,.... The apostle closes his epistle to the Hebrews in a very tender and affectionate manner, calling them "brethren", as he often does; and speaking to them, not in an authoritative way, nor by way of advice, but by entreaty: the reason may be, because he was the apostle of the Gentiles, and because the Jews were not so well pleased with him, on account of his preaching down the ceremonies of the law; though such language is used by him in other epistles; he became all things to all, that he might gain some. The subject matter of his entreaty is, that they would

suffer the word of exhortation; either from one another, as to prayer, to attendance on the word and ordinances, to a regard to their lives and conversations, and to a close adherence to the Gospel, and the profession of it; or from their ministers, their guides, and governors, whose business it was to exhort them to the several duties of religion; or rather from himself; and it designs either the particular exhortation in Heb 12:5 or the continued exhortation to various duties in this chapter; or any, and everyone throughout the epistle: and this shows that the children of God are sometimes heavy and sluggish, and need stirring up; and that there are some things often in exhortations and reproofs which are not so agreeable to the flesh, and yet ought to be taken kindly, and patiently endured: the word may be rendered "consolation", or "solace", as it is by the Vulgate Latin, Syriac, and Arabic versions; and may refer to the whole of this epistle, which is of a consolatory nature: this may suggest that these Hebrews were under afflictions, and needed comfort; and yet through unbelief might be tempted to refuse the comfort administered to them; which is too often the case with God's people:

for I have written a letter unto you in few words; or, "I have sent, or, wrote to you in brief"; meaning either the exhortatory part of the epistle, which lay in few words, and chiefly in this chapter; or the whole of the epistle, which was but short in comparison of the length he might have carried it, and as the subject matter of it might seem to require; it treating on the great doctrines of the Gospel, and mysteries of grace; things of the greatest moment and importance, and which might have been largely insisted on; but he had contracted things, and had wrote much in a little; and this he makes a reason why they should suffer or bear with the exhortation given, since it was not pressed with a multitude of words, wearing out their patience.

Gill: Heb 13:23 - -- Know ye that our brother Timothy is set at liberty,.... This is the same person to whom the Apostle Paul wrote two epistles, and whom he often calls ...

Know ye that our brother Timothy is set at liberty,.... This is the same person to whom the Apostle Paul wrote two epistles, and whom he often calls his son, though sometimes his brother, as here, Col 1:1 of him he says, that he was set at liberty, or "dismissed"; either by the apostle, by whom he was sent into some parts, upon some business; or rather was loosed from his bonds, having been a prisoner for the sake of Christ and the Gospel; and, it may be; a fellow prisoner with the apostle, at Rome, as Aristarchus and others were; and this very great and useful person being known, very likely, to the Hebrews, since his mother was a Jewess, and he himself was well reported of by the brethren at Lystra and Iconium, Act 16:1 it was a piece of good news to them to hear of his release:

with whom, if he come shortly, I will see you; by which it seems that Timothy was now absent from the apostle, but that he expected him to come in a short time; when, if he should, they would both come together, and visit the Hebrews; which looks as if the apostle was at liberty himself, or at least had some hopes of his deliverance from prison; but whether he ever had his liberty after this, and saw the Hebrews any more, cannot be said; the contrary seems most probable.

Gill: Heb 13:24 - -- Salute all them that have the rule over you,.... The pastors and officers of the church of the Hebrews, the same with those in Heb 13:7 and all the sa...

Salute all them that have the rule over you,.... The pastors and officers of the church of the Hebrews, the same with those in Heb 13:7 and all the saints; the several members of the church, who were set apart to holiness by God; whose sins were expiated by Christ; to whom Christ was made sanctification; and who were internally sanctified by the Spirit of God, and lived holy lives and conversations; to these the apostle wished all prosperity, inward and outward, spiritual and temporal; and he uses the word "all" in both clauses; and, including every officer and member, expresses his universal love to them, whether high or low, rich or poor, greater or lesser believers:

they of Italy salute you; that is, the brethren, as the Vulgate Latin version reads; the Italian brethren; such as were at Puteoli, and other places, in that country; see Act 28:13. Italy is a famous and well known country in Europe; a very fruitful and delightful one; of which Rome, where the apostle very likely now was, is the chief city: it has been called by different names, as Saturnia from Saturn; and Ausonia, Aenotria, and Hesperia Magna; and it had its name Italy, some say, from Italus, the son of Penelope and Telegonus; others, from Italus, a king of the Arcadians, or, as some say, the Sicilians; but, according to Timsaeus and Varro e, it was so called from the multitude of oxen in it, which in the old Greek language were called ιταλοι, "Italoi", to which comes near in sound the Latin word "vituli", used for "calves"; and Italy is frequently, by Jewish writers f called איטליא של יון, "Italy of Greece"; and formerly it was inhabited by Greeks, and was called Great Greece g: it is bounded on the east with the Adriatic sea; and on the west by the river Var, with the Alps, which separate France from Italy; and on the south with the Tyrrhene, or Tuscan sea, called the lower, and on the north, partly with the Alps, which are on the borders of Germany, and partly with the Adriatic sea, called the higher. There were Christians in this country before the Apostle Paul came to Rome, both at Rome, and other places, as before observed. It is said h, that Barnabas was first at Rome, and planted the church there; that he went round Lombardy, and lived at Milain; that in the "first" century, Apollinaris preached at Ravenna, and Hermagoras at Aquileia; and there were Christian churches in the "second" century, not only at Rome, but in many other cities and places; and so likewise in the "third" century, as at Verona, Spoletum, Beneventum, &c. and in the "fourth" century, there were great numbers of churches in this country; as at Verona, and Capua, in Calabria, Campania, and Apulia; and which might be traced in following centuries.

Gill: Heb 13:25 - -- Grace be with you all, Amen. Which is the apostle's usual salutation in all his epistles, 2Th 3:17 in which he wishes renewed discoveries of the love ...

Grace be with you all, Amen. Which is the apostle's usual salutation in all his epistles, 2Th 3:17 in which he wishes renewed discoveries of the love and favour of God; fresh communications of grace from Christ; an abundant supply of the spirit of grace; an increase of internal grace and external gifts; and a continuance of the Gospel of the grace of God. Of "Amen"; see Gill on Heb 13:21. The subscription of this epistle is,

written to the Hebrews from Italy by Timothy; in the Alexandrian copy it is, "written to the Hebrews from Rome"; which is very probable, since the Italian brethren send their salutations in it; and the words, "by Timothy", are left out; nor is it likely that it should, since it is clear, from Heb_13:23 that he was absent from the apostle; and if he had sent it by him, what need was there to inform them that he was set at liberty?

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Heb 13:22 Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 2:11.

NET Notes: Heb 13:23 Grk “has been released, with whom, if he comes soon, I will see you.”

NET Notes: Heb 13:25 Most witnesses, including several important ones (א2 A C D H Ψ 0243 1739 1881 Ï lat sy bo), conclude the letter with ἀμP...

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Commentary -- Verse Range Notes

TSK Synopsis: Heb 13:1-25 - --1 Divers admonitions as to charity;4 to honest life;5 to avoid covetousness;7 to regard God's preachers;9 to take heed of strange doctrines;10 to conf...

Combined Bible: Heb 13:22 - --Exhortations    (Hebrews 13:22)    Before taking up our present verse let us offer some further remarks upon the last portions ...

Combined Bible: Heb 13:23 - --Freedom    (Hebrews 13:23)    Before turning to our present verse we must complete our observations on the one which occupied o...

Combined Bible: Heb 13:24-25 - --   (Hebrews 13:24, 25)    Everything down here comes, sooner or later, to its end. Terrible prospect for the wicked, for ther...

MHCC: Heb 13:22-25 - --So bad are men, and even believers, through the remainders of their corruption, that when the most important, comfortable doctrine is delivered to the...

Matthew Henry: Heb 13:18-25 - -- Here, I. The apostle recommends himself, and his fellow-sufferers, to the prayers of the Hebrew believers (Heb 13:18): " Pray for us; for me and Ti...

Barclay: Heb 13:20-24 - --The great prayer of Heb 13:20-21draws a perfect picture of God and of Jesus. (i) God is the God of peace. Even in the most troublous and distressing ...

Constable: Heb 12:14--Jam 1:1 - --V. Life in a Hostile World 12:14--13:25 This final major section of the book apparently grew out of the writer's...

Constable: Heb 13:1-25 - --B. Life within the Church ch. 13 The writer concluded his written sermon with specific exhortations, req...

Constable: Heb 13:22-25 - --2. Personal Explanations 13:22-25 The closing verses of Hebrews are an addendum to the body of the homily. The writer added them because he felt conce...

College: Heb 13:1-25 - --HEBREWS 13 IX. CONCLUDING EXHORTATIONS (13:1-25) As chapter thirteen begins, the main body of argument has passed and the benediction and closing gr...

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Introduction / Outline

Robertson: Hebrews (Book Introduction) The Epistle to the Hebrews By Way of Introduction Unsettled Problems Probably no book in the New Testament presents more unsettled problems tha...

JFB: Hebrews (Book Introduction) CANONICITY AND AUTHORSHIP.--CLEMENT OF ROME, at the end of the first century (A.D), copiously uses it, adopting its words just as he does those of the...

JFB: Hebrews (Outline) THE HIGHEST OF ALL REVELATIONS IS GIVEN US NOW IN THE SON OF GOD, WHO IS GREATER THAN THE ANGELS, AND WHO, HAVING COMPLETED REDEMPTION, SITS ENTHRONE...

TSK: Hebrews 13 (Chapter Introduction) Overview Heb 13:1, Divers admonitions as to charity; Heb 13:4, to honest life; Heb 13:5, to avoid covetousness; Heb 13:7, to regard God’s preach...

Poole: Hebrews 13 (Chapter Introduction) CHAPTER 13

MHCC: Hebrews (Book Introduction) This epistle shows Christ as the end, foundation, body, and truth of the figures of the law, which of themselves were no virtue for the soul. The grea...

MHCC: Hebrews 13 (Chapter Introduction) (Heb 13:1-6) Exhortations to various duties, and to be content with what Providence allots. (Heb 13:7-15) To respect the instructions of faithful pas...

Matthew Henry: Hebrews (Book Introduction) An Exposition, with Practical Observations, of The Epistle to the Hebrews Concerning this epistle we must enquire, I. Into the divine authority of it...

Matthew Henry: Hebrews 13 (Chapter Introduction) The apostle, having treated largely of Christ, and faith, and free grace, and gospel privileges, and warned the Hebrews against apostasy, now, in t...

Barclay: Hebrews (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO THE LETTER TO THE HEBREWS God Fulfils Himself In Many Ways Religion has never been the same thing to all men. "God," as Tennyson sai...

Barclay: Hebrews 13 (Chapter Introduction) The Marks Of The Christian Life (Heb_13:1-6) The Leaders And The Leader (Heb_13:7-8) The Wrong And The Right Sacrifice (Heb_13:9-16) Obedience And...

Constable: Hebrews (Book Introduction) Introduction Historical background The writer said that he and those to whom he wrote ...

Constable: Hebrews (Outline)

Constable: Hebrews Hebrews Bibliography Andersen, Ward. "The Believer's Rest (Hebrews 4)." Biblical Viewpoint 24:1 (April 1990):31...

Haydock: Hebrews (Book Introduction) THE EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL, THE APOSTLE, TO THE HEBREWS. INTRODUCTION. The Catholic Church hath received and declared this Epistle to be part of ...

Gill: Hebrews (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO HEBREWS That this epistle was written very early appears from hence, that it was imitated by Clement of Rome, in his epistle to the...

Gill: Hebrews 13 (Chapter Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO HEBREWS 13 The apostle having finished the doctrinal part of this epistle, closes it with practical exhortations to these Hebrews, ...

College: Hebrews (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION It is difficult to overestimate the significance of Hebrews for understanding the nature of the new covenant. No other document in the N...

College: Hebrews (Outline) OUTLINE I. JESUS IS SUPERIOR TO THE ANGELS - 1:1-14 A. The Preeminence of the Son - 1:1-4 B. The Son Superior to the Angels - 1:5-14 II. ...

Advanced Commentary (Dictionaries, Hymns, Arts, Sermon Illustration, Question and Answers, etc)


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