Text -- Isaiah 50:3-11 (NET)

50:3 I can clothe the sky in darkness; I can cover it with sackcloth.”

The Servant Perseveres

50:4 The sovereign Lord has given me the capacity to be his spokesman, so that I know how to help the weary. He wakes me up every morning; he makes me alert so I can listen attentively as disciples do. 50:5 The sovereign Lord has spoken to me clearly; I have not rebelled, I have not turned back. 50:6 I offered my back to those who attacked, my jaws to those who tore out my beard; I did not hide my face from insults and spitting. 50:7 But the sovereign Lord helps me, so I am not humiliated. For that reason I am steadfastly resolved; I know I will not be put to shame. 50:8 The one who vindicates me is close by. Who dares to argue with me? Let us confront each other! Who is my accuser? Let him challenge me! 50:9 Look, the sovereign Lord helps me. Who dares to condemn me? Look, all of them will wear out like clothes; a moth will eat away at them. 50:10 Who among you fears the Lord? Who obeys his servant? Whoever walks in deep darkness, without light, should trust in the name of the Lord and rely on his God. 50:11 Look, all of you who start a fire and who equip yourselves with flaming arrows, walk in the light of the fire you started and among the flaming arrows you ignited! This is what you will receive from me: you will lie down in a place of pain.

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Isa 50:4

¹ tn Heb “has given to me a tongue of disciples.”

sn Verses 4-11 contain the third of the so-called servant songs, which depict the career of the Lord’s special servant, envisioned as an ideal Israel (49:3) who rescues the exiles and fulfills God’s purposes for the world. Here the servant alludes to opposition (something hinted at in 49:4), but also expresses his determination to persevere with the Lord’s help.

² tc Heb “to know [?] the weary with a word.” Comparing it with Arabic and Aramaic cognates yields the meaning of “help, sustain.” Nevertheless, the meaning of עוּת (’ut) is uncertain. The word occurs only here in the OT (see BDB 736 s.v.). Various scholars have suggested an emendation to עָנוֹת (’anot) from עָנָה (’anah, “answer”): “so that I know how to respond kindly to the weary.” Since the Qumran scroll 1QIsa^a and the Vulgate support the MT reading, that reading is retained.

³ tn Heb “he arouses for me an ear, to hear like disciples.”

NET Notes: Isa 50:5

¹ tn Or perhaps, “makes me obedient.” The text reads literally, “has opened for me an ear.”

NET Notes: Isa 50:6

¹ tn Or perhaps, “who beat [me].”

NET Notes: Isa 50:7

¹ tn Heb “Therefore I set my face like flint.”

NET Notes: Isa 50:8

¹ tn Heb “Let us stand together!”

² tn Heb “Who is the master of my judgment?”

³ tn Heb “let him approach me”; NAB, NIV “Let him confront me.”

NET Notes: Isa 50:10

¹ tn Heb “[who] listens to the voice of his servant?” The interrogative is understood by ellipsis (note the preceding line).

² tn The plural indicates degree. Darkness may refer to exile and/or moral evil.

NET Notes: Isa 50:11

¹ tc Several more recent commentators have proposed an emendation of מְאַזְּרֵי (mÿ’azzÿre, “who put on”) to מְאִירִי (mÿ’iri, “who light”). However, both Qumran scrolls of Isaiah and the Vulgate support the MT reading (cf. NIV, ESV).

² tn On the meaning of זִיקוֹת (ziqot, “flaming arrows”), see HALOT 268 s.v. זִיקוֹת.

³ tn The imperative is probably rhetorical and has a predictive force.

⁴ tn Or perhaps, “flame” (so ASV).

⁵ sn Perhaps the servant here speaks to his enemies and warns them that they will self-destruct.

⁶ tn Heb “from my hand” (so NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).

⁷ sn The imagery may be that of a person who becomes ill and is forced to lie down in pain on a sickbed. Some see this as an allusion to a fiery place of damnation because of the imagery employed earlier in the verse.