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Text -- Judges 12:1-12 (NET)

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Context
Civil Strife Mars the Victory
12:1 The Ephraimites assembled and crossed over to Zaphon. They said to Jephthah, “Why did you go and fight with the Ammonites without asking us to go with you? We will burn your house down right over you!” 12:2 Jephthah said to them, “My people and I were entangled in controversy with the Ammonites. I asked for your help, but you did not deliver me from their power. 12:3 When I saw that you were not going to help, I risked my life and advanced against the Ammonites, and the Lord handed them over to me. Why have you come up to fight with me today?” 12:4 Jephthah assembled all the men of Gilead and they fought with Ephraim. The men of Gilead defeated Ephraim, because the Ephraimites insulted them, saying, “You Gileadites are refugees in Ephraim, living within Ephraim’s and Manasseh’s territory.” 12:5 The Gileadites captured the fords of the Jordan River opposite Ephraim. Whenever an Ephraimite fugitive said, “Let me cross over,” the men of Gilead asked him, “Are you an Ephraimite?” If he said, “No,” 12:6 then they said to him, “Say ‘Shibboleth!’” If he said, “Sibboleth” (and could not pronounce the word correctly), they grabbed him and executed him right there at the fords of the Jordan. On that day forty-two thousand Ephraimites fell dead. 12:7 Jephthah led Israel for six years; then he died and was buried in his city in Gilead.
Order Restored
12:8 After him Ibzan of Bethlehem led Israel. 12:9 He had thirty sons. He arranged for thirty of his daughters to be married outside his extended family, and he arranged for thirty young women to be brought from outside as wives for his sons. Ibzan led Israel for seven years; 12:10 then he died and was buried in Bethlehem. 12:11 After him Elon the Zebulunite led Israel for ten years. 12:12 Then Elon the Zebulunite died and was buried in Aijalon in the land of Zebulun.
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Aijalon a town 19 km WNW of Jerusalem,a town in the land of Zebulun some 90 km north of Jerusalem
 · Ammonites the tribe/nation of people descended from Ben-Ammi, Lot's son,Territory of the tribe/nation of Ammon
 · Bethlehem a town 8 km south of Jerusalem,a town of Zebulun 10 km west of Nazareth and 15 km SW of Cana SMM,a town of Judah 8 km south. of Jerusalem
 · Elon father of Basemath/Adah, the Hittite wife of Esau,son of Zebulun son of Israel,a town in the territory of Dan somewhere west of Jerusalem,a judge of Israel of the tribe of Zebulun
 · Ephraim the tribe of Ephraim as a whole,the northern kingdom of Israel
 · Ephraimite a resident of the territory of Ephraim
 · Ephraimites the tribe of Ephraim as a whole,the northern kingdom of Israel
 · Gilead a mountainous region east of the Jordan & north of the Arnon to Hermon,son of Machir son of Manasseh; founder of the clan of Gilead,father of Jephthah the judge,son of Michael of the tribe of Gad
 · Gileadite member(s) of the clan, or residents of the region of Gilead
 · Ibzan a man who was judge of Israel
 · Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel
 · Jephthah a man who judged Israel around 1100 B.C.,a man who judged Israel; son of Gilead
 · Jordan the river that flows from Lake Galilee to the Dead Sea,a river that begins at Mt. Hermon, flows south through Lake Galilee and on to its end at the Dead Sea 175 km away (by air)
 · Manasseh the tribe of Manasseh.
 · Shibboleth a test word to identify a man's true origin (IBD)
 · Sibboleth a test word to identify a man's true origin (IBD)
 · Zaphon a town of Gad about 5 km north of Succoth near the Jordan River
 · Zebulunite member of the tribe of Zebulun


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Judge | Israel | Jephthah | ISRAEL, HISTORY OF, 2 | Ibzan | Shibboleth | Zebulonite | War | Strife | JUDGES, PERIOD OF | Elon | CHRONOLOGY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT | Citizenship | Treason | FORD | Ephraim | Jordan | Ammonites | EZBON | BOAZ | more
Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Jdg 12:1 Heb “Your house we will burn over you with fire.”

NET Notes: Jdg 12:2 Heb “hand.”

NET Notes: Jdg 12:3 The Hebrew adds “against me” here. This is redundant in English and has not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons.

NET Notes: Jdg 12:4 Heb “Refugees of Ephraim are you, O Gilead, in the midst of Ephraim and in the midst of Manasseh.” The LXX omits the entire second half of...

NET Notes: Jdg 12:5 Heb “say to.”

NET Notes: Jdg 12:6 Heb “and could not prepare to speak.” The precise meaning of יָכִין (yakhin) is unclear. Some understa...

NET Notes: Jdg 12:7 The Hebrew text has “in the cities of Gilead.” The present translation has support from some ancient Greek textual witnesses.

NET Notes: Jdg 12:8 Traditionally, “judged.”

NET Notes: Jdg 12:9 Traditionally, “judged.”

NET Notes: Jdg 12:10 Heb “Ibzan.” The pronoun “he” is used in the translation in keeping with English style, which tends to use a proper name first...

NET Notes: Jdg 12:11 Heb “…led Israel. He led Israel for ten years.”

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