Text -- Job 18:18-21 (NET)

18:18 He is driven from light into darkness and is banished from the world. 18:19 He has neither children nor descendants among his people, no survivor in those places he once stayed. 18:20 People of the west are appalled at his fate; people of the east are seized with horror, saying, 18:21 ‘Surely such is the residence of an evil man; and this is the place of one who has not known God.’”

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Job 18:18

¹ tn The verbs in this verse are plural; without the expressed subject they should be taken in the passive sense.

NET Notes: Job 18:19

¹ tn The two words נִין (nin, “offspring”) and נֶכֶד (nekhed, “posterity”) are always together and form an alliteration. This is hard to capture in English, but some have tried: Moffatt had “son and scion,” and Tur-Sinai had “breed or brood.” But the words are best simply translated as “lineage and posterity” or as in the NIV “offspring or descendants.”

² tn Heb “in his sojournings.” The verb גּוּר (gur) means “to reside; to sojourn” temporarily, without land rights. Even this word has been selected to stress the temporary nature of his stay on earth.

NET Notes: Job 18:20

¹ tn The word אַחֲרֹנִים (’akharonim) means “those [men] coming after.” And the next word, קַדְמֹנִים (qadmonim), means “those [men] coming before.” Some commentators have tried to see here references to people who lived before and people who lived after, but that does not explain their being appalled at the fate of the wicked. So the normal way this is taken is in connection to the geography, notably the seas – “the hinder sea” refers to the Mediterranean, the West, and “the front sea” refers to the Dead Sea (Zech 14:8), namely, the East. The versions understood this as temporal: “the last groaned for him, and wonder seized the first” (LXX).

² tn Heb “his day.”

³ tn The expression has “they seize horror.” The RSV renders this “horror seizes them.” The same idiom is found in Job 21:6: “laid hold on shuddering.” The idiom would solve the grammatical problem, and not change the meaning greatly; but it would change the parallelism.

⁴ tn The word “saying” is supplied in the translation to mark and introduce the following as a quotation of these people who are seized with horror. The alternative is to take v. 21 as Bildad’s own summary statement (cf. G. R. Driver and G. B. Gray, Job [ICC], 2:162; J. E. Hartley, Job [NICOT], 280).

NET Notes: Job 18:21

¹ tn The term is in the plural, “the tabernacles”; it should be taken as a plural of local extension (see GKC 397 §124.b).

² tn The word “place” is in construct; the clause following it replaces the genitive: “this is the place of – he has not known God.”