Jos 12:1-22 - Commentary

Commentary

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Text -- Joshua 12:1-22 (NET)

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Context

12:1 Now these are the kings of the land whom the Israelites defeated and drove from their land on the east side of the Jordan, from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon, including all the eastern Arabah: 12:2 King Sihon of the Amorites who lived in Heshbon and ruled from Aroer (on the edge of the Arnon Valley)– including the city in the middle of the valley and half of Gilead– all the way to the Jabbok Valley bordering Ammonite territory. 12:3 His kingdom included the eastern Arabah from the Sea of Kinnereth to the Sea of the Arabah (the Salt Sea), including the route to Beth Jeshimoth and the area southward below the slopes of Pisgah. 12:4 The territory of King Og of Bashan, one of the few remaining Rephaites, who lived in Ashtaroth and Edrei 12:5 and ruled over Mount Hermon, Salecah, all of Bashan to the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and half of Gilead as far as the border of King Sihon of Heshbon. 12:6 Moses the Lord’s servant and the Israelites defeated them and Moses the Lord’s servant assigned their land to Reuben, Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh. 12:7 These are the kings of the land whom Joshua and the Israelites defeated on the west side of the Jordan, from Baal Gad in the Lebanon Valley to Mount Halak on up to Seir. Joshua assigned this territory to the Israelite tribes, 12:8 including the hill country, the lowlands, the Arabah, the slopes, the wilderness, and the Negev– the land of the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites: 12:9 the king of Jericho (one), the king of Ai– located near Bethel– (one), 12:10 the king of Jerusalem (one), the king of Hebron (one), 12:11 the king of Jarmuth (one), the king of Lachish (one), 12:12 the king of Eglon (one), the king of Gezer (one), 12:13 the king of Debir (one), the king of Geder (one), 12:14 the king of Hormah (one), the king of Arad (one), 12:15 the king of Libnah (one), the king of Adullam (one), 12:16 the king of Makkedah (one), the king of Bethel (one), 12:17 the king of Tappuah (one), the king of Hepher (one), 12:18 the king of Aphek (one), the king of Lasharon (one), 12:19 the king of Madon (one), the king of Hazor (one), 12:20 the king of Shimron Meron (one), the king of Acshaph (one), 12:21 the king of Taanach (one), the king of Megiddo (one), 12:22 the king of Kedesh (one), the king of Jokneam near Carmel (one),

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Cross Reference (TSK)

ITL

Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:

· Achshaph a town of Canaanites in Asher (OS)

· Adullam a resident of the town of Adullam

· Ai a town of Canaanites in Benjamin

· Ammonites the tribe/nation of people descended from Ben-Ammi, Lot's son,Territory of the tribe/nation of Ammon

· Amorites members of a pre-Israel Semitic tribe from Mesopotamia

· Aphek a town of Asher 10 km SSE of Acco near the coast

· Arabah a town of Judea west of Jerusalem on the border of Benjamin

· Arad a town of Canaanites in Judah 16 km east of Beer-Sheba,son of Beriah of Benjamin

· Arnon a river forming the southern border of Ammon east of the Dead Sea

· Aroer a town by the Wadi Arnon on the border of Reuben and Gad,a town in the desert of Judah

· Ashtaroth pagan god images of the Canaanite goddess Ashtoreth,a town of Manasseh about 35 km east of the sea of Chinnereth

· Baal a pagan god,a title of a pagan god,a town in the Negeb on the border of Simeon and Judah,son of Reaiah son of Micah; a descendant of Reuben,the forth son of Jeiel, the Benjamite

· Bashan a region east of Lake Galilee between Mt. Hermon and Wadi Yarmuk

· Beth-Jeshimoth a town of Moab near the mouth of the Jordan River

· Beth-jeshimoth a town of Moab near the mouth of the Jordan River

· Bethel a town of Benjamin bordering Ephraim 18 km north of Jerusalem

· Canaanite residents of the region of Canaan

· Carmel a woman resident of the town of Carmel

· Chinneroth a lake in Galilee on the Jordan River,a region; the plain on the NW shoulder of Lake Chinneroth

· Debir the Amorite king of Eglon,a town of Judah 14 km SW of Hebron,a border town of Judah, about 16 km east of Jerusalem,a northern border town of Gad, about 80 km NE of Jerusalem

· Edrei a town about 50 km east of the Sea of Galilee (ZD),a town of Naphtali north or west of the Sea of Galilee

· Eglon a town in the western foothills of Judah near Lachish,king of Moab

· Gadites the tribe of Gad as a whole

· Geder a town of Canaanites; location unknown

· Geshurites residents of the town of Geshur

· Gezer a town of Ephraim 25 km SE of Joppa & 12 km NW of Beth-Shemesh

· Gilead a mountainous region east of the Jordan & north of the Arnon to Hermon,son of Machir son of Manasseh; founder of the clan of Gilead,father of Jephthah the judge,son of Michael of the tribe of Gad

· Halak a mountain 70 km south of Hebron & 20 km west of Tamar (SMM)

· Hazor a town 15 km north of Chinnereth, the NW shore of Galilee,a town of south-eastern Judah,a town of south-eastern Judah 20 km south of Hebron (OS),a town of Ephraim 25 km north of Jerusalem,a collective name for some semi-namadic Arabs as distinct from the bedoin of the desert (OS)

· Hebron a valley and town of Judah 25 km west of the dead sea,son of Kohath son of Levi,son of Mareshah of Judah

· Hepher the head of a clan of Gileadites; the father of Zelophehad; the son of Gilead,son of Ashhur and his wife Naarah in Moses time,a Mecherathite man who was one of David's military elite,a town of Manasseh 25 km north of Aphek & 25 km south of Dor

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Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Jos 12:1 Heb “beyond the Jordan, toward the rising of the sun.”

NET Notes: Jos 12:2 The MT reads here, “and the middle of the valley,” but the reading “the city in the middle of valley” can be reconstructed on ...

NET Notes: Jos 12:3 The Salt Sea is another name for the Dead Sea.

NET Notes: Jos 12:4 Or perhaps “who reigned.”

NET Notes: Jos 12:6 Heb “gave it for a possession.”

NET Notes: Jos 12:7 Heb “Joshua gave it to the tribes of Israel as a possession according to their allotted portions.”

NET Notes: Jos 12:8 The words “the land of” are supplied in the translation for clarification.

NET Notes: Jos 12:9 For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.

NET Notes: Jos 12:10 For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

NET Notes: Jos 12:16 For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.

NET Notes: Jos 12:19 For location see Map1 D2; Map2 D3; Map3 A2; Map4 C1.

NET Notes: Jos 12:21 For location see Map1 D4; Map2 C1; Map4 C2; Map5 F2; Map7 B1.

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