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Text -- Numbers 20:1-23 (NET)

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Context
The Israelites Complain Again
20:1 Then the entire community of Israel entered the wilderness of Zin in the first month, and the people stayed in Kadesh. Miriam died and was buried there. 20:2 And there was no water for the community, and so they gathered themselves together against Moses and Aaron. 20:3 The people contended with Moses, saying, “If only we had died when our brothers died before the Lord! 20:4 Why have you brought up the Lord’s community into this wilderness? So that we and our cattle should die here? 20:5 Why have you brought us up from Egypt only to bring us to this dreadful place? It is no place for grain, or figs, or vines, or pomegranates; nor is there any water to drink!”
Moses Responds
20:6 So Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly to the entrance to the tent of meeting. They then threw themselves down with their faces to the ground, and the glory of the Lord appeared to them. 20:7 Then the Lord spoke to Moses: 20:8 “Take the staff and assemble the community, you and Aaron your brother, and then speak to the rock before their eyes. It will pour forth its water, and you will bring water out of the rock for them, and so you will give the community and their beasts water to drink.” 20:9 So Moses took the staff from before the Lord, just as he commanded him. 20:10 Then Moses and Aaron gathered the community together in front of the rock, and he said to them, “Listen, you rebels, must we bring water out of this rock for you?” 20:11 Then Moses raised his hand, and struck the rock twice with his staff. And water came out abundantly. So the community drank, and their beasts drank too.
The Lord’s Judgment
20:12 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, “Because you did not trust me enough to show me as holy before the Israelites, therefore you will not bring this community into the land I have given them.” 20:13 These are the waters of Meribah, because the Israelites contended with the Lord, and his holiness was maintained among them.
Rejection by the Edomites
20:14 Moses sent messengers from Kadesh to the king of Edom: “Thus says your brother Israel: ‘You know all the hardships we have experienced, 20:15 how our ancestors went down into Egypt, and we lived in Egypt a long time, and the Egyptians treated us and our ancestors badly. 20:16 So when we cried to the Lord, he heard our voice and sent a messenger, and has brought us up out of Egypt. Now we are here in Kadesh, a town on the edge of your country. 20:17 Please let us pass through your country. We will not pass through the fields or through the vineyards, nor will we drink water from any well. We will go by the King’s Highway; we will not turn to the right or the left until we have passed through your region.’” 20:18 But Edom said to him, “You will not pass through me, or I will come out against you with the sword.” 20:19 Then the Israelites said to him, “We will go along the highway, and if we or our cattle drink any of your water, we will pay for it. We will only pass through on our feet, without doing anything else.” 20:20 But he said, “You may not pass through.” Then Edom came out against them with a large and powerful force. force. 20:21 So Edom refused to give Israel passage through his border; therefore Israel turned away from him.
Aaron’s Death
20:22 So the entire company of Israelites traveled from Kadesh and came to Mount Hor. 20:23 And the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron in Mount Hor, by the border of the land of Edom. He said:
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Aaron a son of Amram; brother of Moses,son of Amram (Kohath Levi); patriarch of Israel's priests,the clan or priestly line founded by Aaron
 · Edom resident(s) of the region of Edom
 · Egypt descendants of Mizraim
 · Egyptians descendants of Mizraim
 · Hor a mountain on border of Edom),a mountain (on the North border of Israel)
 · Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel
 · Kadesh an oasis 100 km south of Gaza & 120 km NNW of Ezion-Geber, where Israel made an encampment
 · Meribah a place at Kadesh-Barnea where Moses struck the rock for water
 · Miriam daughter of Amram the Levite; sister of Moses and Aaron,child of Mered (Judah) and wife Bithiah (Pharaoh's daughter)
 · Moses a son of Amram; the Levite who led Israel out of Egypt and gave them The Law of Moses,a Levite who led Israel out of Egypt and gave them the law
 · Zin a wilderness area


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Aaron | Moses | Meribah | JEPHTHAH | NUMBERS, BOOK OF | Exodus | PENTATEUCH, 2B | Israel | PENTATEUCH, 2A | MASSAH AND MERIBAH | Trouble | CRITICISM | Quotations and Allusions | PENTATEUCH, 3 | OBADIAH, BOOK OF | Edom | Hor | Edomites | God | Kadesh | more
Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Num 20:1 The death of Miriam is recorded without any qualifications or epitaph. In her older age she had been self-willed and rebellious, and so no doubt humbl...

NET Notes: Num 20:3 The particle לוּ (lu) indicates the optative nuance of the line – the wishing or longing for death. It is certainly an absurdi...

NET Notes: Num 20:4 The clause uses the infinitive construct with the lamed (ל) preposition. The clause would be a result clause in this sentence: “Why have y...

NET Notes: Num 20:5 Here also the infinitive construct (Hiphil) forms the subordinate clause of the preceding interrogative clause.

NET Notes: Num 20:8 Heb “give.” The verb is the perfect tense with vav (ו) consecutive, as are the next two in the verse. These are not now equal to the...

NET Notes: Num 20:10 The word order and the emphasis of the tense are important to this passage. The word order is “from this rock must we bring out to you water?...

NET Notes: Num 20:12 There is debate as to exactly what the sin of Moses was. Some interpreters think that the real sin might have been that he refused to do this at first...

NET Notes: Num 20:13 The form is unusual – it is the Niphal preterite, and not the normal use of the Piel/Pual stem for “sanctify/sanctified.” The basic ...

NET Notes: Num 20:14 Heb “found.”

NET Notes: Num 20:15 The verb רָעַע (ra’a’) means “to act or do evil.” Evil here is in the sense of causing pain or t...

NET Notes: Num 20:16 Heb “your border.”

NET Notes: Num 20:17 Heb “borders.”

NET Notes: Num 20:18 Heb “to meet.”

NET Notes: Num 20:19 The Hebrew text uses singular pronouns, “I” and “my,” but it is the people of Israel that are intended, and so it may be rende...

NET Notes: Num 20:20 Heb “with many [heavy] people and with a strong hand.” The translation presented above is interpretive, but that is what the line means. I...

NET Notes: Num 20:22 The traditional location for this is near Petra (Josephus, Ant. 4.4.7). There is serious doubt about this location since it is well inside Edomite ter...

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