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Text -- Revelation 20:13 (NET)

Strongs On/Off
Context
20:13 The sea gave up the dead that were in it, and Death and Hades gave up the dead that were in them, and each one was judged according to his deeds.
Parallel   Cross Reference (TSK)   ITL  

Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Hades the place of departed spirits (NIV notes); the unseen world (YC)


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Sea | SATAN | Resurrection | REVELATION OF JOHN | Milleium | Judgment, The final | Judgment | IMMORTAL; IMMORTALITY | Hell | Hades | ESCHATOLOGY OF THE NEW TESTAMENT, VI-X | Deep | Death | Angel | more
Table of Contents

Word/Phrase Notes
Robertson , Vincent , Wesley , JFB , Clarke , Defender , TSK

Word/Phrase Notes
Barnes , Poole , PBC , Gill

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes , Geneva Bible

Verse Range Notes
TSK Synopsis , MHCC , Matthew Henry , Barclay , Constable , College

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per phrase)

Robertson: Rev 20:13 - -- Gave up ( edōken ). Just "gave"(first aorist active indicative of didōmi ), but for the sea to give is to give up (effective aorist). Sea as wel...

Gave up ( edōken ).

Just "gave"(first aorist active indicative of didōmi ), but for the sea to give is to give up (effective aorist). Sea as well as land delivers its dead (all kinds of dead, good and bad). Swete notes that accidental deaths will not prevent any from appearing. Milligan is sure that the sea here means "the sea of the troubled and sinful world."

Robertson: Rev 20:13 - -- Death and Hades ( ho thanatos kai ho hāidēs ). "An inseparable pair"(Swete) as in Rev 1:18; Rev 6:8; Rev 20:14. So in Mat 16:18 "the gates of Had...

Death and Hades ( ho thanatos kai ho hāidēs ).

"An inseparable pair"(Swete) as in Rev 1:18; Rev 6:8; Rev 20:14. So in Mat 16:18 "the gates of Hades"means the power of death. Etymologically Hades is the unseen world where all who die are as opposed to this visible world, but in actual use Hades is sometimes treated as the abode of the unrighteous (Luk 16:23). Charles thinks that this is true here, though there is nothing to show it apart from the personification of death and Hades and the casting of both into the lake of fire in Rev 20:14. Here again "each man"(hekastos ) receives judgment according to his deeds (Mat 16:27; 1Co 3:13; 2Co 5:10; Rom 2:6; Rom 14:12; 1Pe 1:17; Rev 2:23).

Vincent: Rev 20:13 - -- The sea As commonly understood, the sea means the literal sea, and the passage signifies that the dead contained in it shall rise. So Alford. Oth...

The sea

As commonly understood, the sea means the literal sea, and the passage signifies that the dead contained in it shall rise. So Alford. Other interpreters, however, say that it cannot mean the literal sea. Thus Milligan argues that the symbols of the Apocalypse must always be interpreted in the same way. " Symbols," he says, " are a form of speech, and therefore subject to the rules that regulate the interpretation of all speech... The power of that convention which links a certain sense to a certain sound in ordinary terms, is not less binding in the presence than in the absence of metaphor of any kind whatever. Thus when we read in the Apocalypse of 'the sea' as an emblem of the troubled and sinful nations of the earth, we are bound, unless forbidden by the context, to carry that interpretation through, and to understand the sea of the troubled and sinful world ."

Vincent: Rev 20:13 - -- Hell ( ὁ ᾅδης ) Rev., Hades . See on Mat 16:18.

Hell ( ὁ ᾅδης )

Rev., Hades . See on Mat 16:18.

Wesley: Rev 20:13 - -- Death gave up all the bodies of men; and hades, the receptacle of separate souls, gave them up, to be re - united to their bodies.

Death gave up all the bodies of men; and hades, the receptacle of separate souls, gave them up, to be re - united to their bodies.

JFB: Rev 20:13 - -- Greek, "Hades." The essential identity of the dying and risen body is hereby shown; for the sea and grave give up their dead. The body that sinned or ...

Greek, "Hades." The essential identity of the dying and risen body is hereby shown; for the sea and grave give up their dead. The body that sinned or served God shall, in righteous retribution, be the body also that shall suffer or be rewarded. The "sea" may have a symbolical [CLUVER from AUGUSTINE], besides the literal meaning, as, in Rev 8:8; Rev 12:12; Rev 13:1; Rev 18:17, Rev 18:19; so "death" and "hell" are personifications (compare Rev 21:1). But the literal sense need hardly be departed from: all the different regions wherein the bodies and souls of men had been, gave them up.

Clarke: Rev 20:13 - -- The sea gave up the dead - Those who had been drowned in it, and those millions slain in naval contests, who had no other grave

The sea gave up the dead - Those who had been drowned in it, and those millions slain in naval contests, who had no other grave

Clarke: Rev 20:13 - -- And death - All who died by any kind of disease. Death is here personified, and represented as a keeper of defunct human beings; probably no more th...

And death - All who died by any kind of disease. Death is here personified, and represented as a keeper of defunct human beings; probably no more than earth or the grave is meant, as properly belonging to the empire of death

Clarke: Rev 20:13 - -- And hell - Ἁιδης, Hades, the place of separate spirits. The sea and death have the bodies of all human beings; hades has their spirits. That...

And hell - Ἁιδης, Hades, the place of separate spirits. The sea and death have the bodies of all human beings; hades has their spirits. That they may be judged, and punished or rewarded according to their works, their bodies and souls must be reunited; hades, therefore, gives up the spirits; and the sea and the earth give up the bodies.

Defender: Rev 20:13 - -- "Death" is often taken as synonymous with "the grave" (1Co 15:55), where dead bodies are confined, whereas "hell" (Greek Hades) is the place where the...

"Death" is often taken as synonymous with "the grave" (1Co 15:55), where dead bodies are confined, whereas "hell" (Greek Hades) is the place where the souls of the dead are confined. Multitudes of dead bodies are in the sea, rather than in the earth, especially the great numbers of people who perished in the Noahic Flood. The ashes of those bodies that have been cremated have found their way either to the earth or to the sea, and so are also included among either the dead in the sea or those in the ground. In any case, the dead bodies of the unsaved will all be raised, presumably in their previous natural condition, and reunited with their souls from Hades, to go before God in judgment."

TSK: Rev 20:13 - -- the sea : Joh 5:28, Joh 5:29 and death : Rev 20:14, Rev 6:8; Hos 13:14; 1Co 15:50-58 hell : or, the grave, 1Co 15:55 *marg. and they : Rev 20:12

the sea : Joh 5:28, Joh 5:29

and death : Rev 20:14, Rev 6:8; Hos 13:14; 1Co 15:50-58

hell : or, the grave, 1Co 15:55 *marg.

and they : Rev 20:12

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per Verse)

Barnes: Rev 20:13 - -- And the sea gave up the dead which were in it - All that had been buried in the depths of ocean. This number in the aggregate will be great. If...

And the sea gave up the dead which were in it - All that had been buried in the depths of ocean. This number in the aggregate will be great. If we include all who were swept off by the flood, and all who have perished by shipwreck, and all who have been killed in naval battles and buried in the sea, and all who have been swept away by inundations of the ocean, and all who have peacefully died at sea, as sailors, or in the pursuits of commerce or benevolence, the number in the aggregate will be immense - a number so vast that it was proper to notice them particularly in the account of the general resurrection and the last judgment.

And death and hell delivered up the dead which were in them - That is, all the dead came, from all regions where they were scattered - on the land and in the ocean - in this world and in the invisible world. "Death and hell"are here personified, and are represented as having dominion over the dead, and as now "delivering"up, or "surrendering"those who were held tinder them. On the meaning of the words used here, see the notes on Rev 1:18; Rev 6:8. Compare the Mat 10:23 note; Job 10:21-22 notes; Isa 14:9 note. This whole representation is entirely inconsistent with the supposition that a large part of the dead had been already raised up at the beginning of the millennial period, and had been permitted, in their glorified bodies, to reign with Christ.

And they were judged, ... - All these were judged - the righteous and the wicked; those buried at sea, and those buried on the land; the small and the great; the dead, in whatever world they may have been.

Poole: Rev 20:13 - -- By hell is meant all places where the dead are; whosoever shall be at that day in the state of the dead; the bodies of men, whether buried in the e...

By hell is meant all places where the dead are; whosoever shall be at that day in the state of the dead; the bodies of men, whether buried in the earth or sea; and the souls of men, whether they be in the place of torments or happiness, shall all be re-united to their bodies, that they may both in soul and body receive their final doom of eternal happiness, or eternal misery, accordingly as they have lived in the world; and those who shall be alive at that day, who shall be changed, ( as the apostle speaks, 1Co 15:51 ), are to be counted dead in the sense of this text, their change being instead of death to them. It is not said they shall be judged for their works, (though that as to the wicked is true), but

according to their works which is true as to the elect, who though their names be written in the book of life, yet must work righteousness; and they shall have judgment of absolution, not according to the perfection, but the sincerity, of their works, done in obedience to the will of God.

PBC: Rev 20:13 - -- The sea in Scripture is used often in a metaphorical sense as referring to people. We will not strive with the meaning here, because it will make no d...

The sea in Scripture is used often in a metaphorical sense as referring to people. We will not strive with the meaning here, because it will make no difference whether it is a body of water or whether it is referring to people living at the end of time as we know it. They shall each come forth at the bidding of Him who created them. However, the phrase the dead which were in it is very important. The reason is that this is speaking of all who know not Christ in a salvation sense. They have never been called out of that body of death which plunged all men into sin. They have had no part in the first resurrection (regeneration). Not only are they bound in natural death, they shall also be a part of the second death. They represent death and hell which are spoken of in Re 20:14.— Eld. Charles Taylor

Gill: Rev 20:13 - -- And the sea gave up the dead which were in it,.... Which is not to be interpreted metaphorically of the world, and the men of it, who are like the tro...

And the sea gave up the dead which were in it,.... Which is not to be interpreted metaphorically of the world, and the men of it, who are like the troubled sea; but literally of the sea, and of all such who have been drowned in the waters of it, as were Pharaoh and his host; or have died upon the mighty waters, and have been cast into them, and devoured by the fishes; and particular regard may be had to the men of the old world, drowned by the flood; these shall be raised from thence; the sea shall deliver them up: now this, and what is expressed in the next clause, will not be done after the judgment is set, the books are opened, and the sentence passed, but before all this, and in order to it, as the last clause of this verse shows:

and death and hell delivered up the dead which were in them; "death", which is here represented as a person, and elsewhere as a king, reigning and having power over men, signifies death in general, and every kind of death of which men have died, whether natural or violent, over whom it will now have no longer dominion, but will be obliged to deliver up all its subjects; and "hell" signifies the grave, which will now be opened, and deliver up all its prisoners, all that have been buried in the earth; see Job 26:5 the Ethiopic version adds, "and the earth delivered up them that were dead in it": but this seems unnecessary after the former:

and they were judged every man according to their works; some to greater, some to lesser punishment, as their sinful works deserved.

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Rev 20:13 Here Death is personified (cf. 1 Cor 15:55).

Geneva Bible: Rev 20:13 ( 25 ) And the sea gave up the dead which were in it; and death and hell delivered up the dead which were in them: and they were judged every man acco...

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Commentary -- Verse Range Notes

TSK Synopsis: Rev 20:1-15 - --1 Satan bound for a thousand years.6 The first resurrection; they blessed that have part therein.7 Satan let loose again.8 Gog and Magog.10 The devils...

MHCC: Rev 20:11-15 - --After the events just foretold, the end will speedily come; and there is no mention of any thing else, before the appearing of Christ to judge the wor...

Matthew Henry: Rev 20:11-15 - -- The utter destruction of the devil's kingdom very properly leads to an account of the day of judgment, which will determine every man's everlasting ...

Barclay: Rev 20:11-15 - --Now comes the final judgment. God, the Judge, is on his great white throne which symbolizes his unapproachable purity. It may be that some will fin...

Barclay: Rev 20:11-15 - --Now follows the judgment of mankind. It is the judgment of great and small. There is none so great as to escape the judgment of God, and none so uni...

Constable: Rev 4:1--22:6 - --III. THE REVELATION OF THE FUTURE 4:1--22:5 John recorded the rest of this book to reveal those aspects of the f...

Constable: Rev 20:1-15 - --M. The millennial reign of Christ ch. 20 John recorded his vision of Jesus Christ's reign on the earth f...

Constable: Rev 20:11-15 - --4. The judgment of the wicked 20:11-15 20:11 This "And I saw" introduces something else John saw in this vision (cf. 19:11, 17, 19; 20:1, 4, 12; 21:1,...

College: Rev 20:1-15 - --REVELATION 20 i. Deliverance from Babylonian Captivity (20:1-22:6) Revelation 20:1-22:5 consists of a very beautiful and very elaborate network of s...

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Introduction / Outline

Robertson: Revelation (Book Introduction) THE REVELATION OF JOHN ABOUT a.d. 95 By Way of Introduction Difficulty in the Problem Perhaps no single book in the New Testament presents so ...

JFB: Revelation (Book Introduction) AUTHENTICITY.--The author calls himself John (Rev 1:1, Rev 1:4, Rev 1:9; Rev 2:8). JUSTIN MARTYR [Dialogue with Trypho, p. 308] (A.D. 139-161) quotes ...

JFB: Revelation (Outline) TITLE: SOURCE AND OBJECT OF THIS REVELATION: BLESSING ON THE READER AND KEEPER OF IT, AS THE TIME IS NEAR: INSCRIPTION TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES: APOSTOL...

TSK: Revelation (Book Introduction) The obscurity of this prophecy, which has been urged against its genuineness, necessarily results from the highly figurative and symbolical language i...

TSK: Revelation 20 (Chapter Introduction) Overview Rev 20:1, Satan bound for a thousand years; Rev 20:6, The first resurrection; they blessed that have part therein; Rev 20:7, Satan let lo...

Poole: Revelation 20 (Chapter Introduction) CHAPTER 20

MHCC: Revelation (Book Introduction) The Book of the Revelation of St. John consists of two principal divisions. 1. Relates to " the things which are," that is, the then present state of...

MHCC: Revelation 20 (Chapter Introduction) (Rev 20:1-3) Satan is bound for a thousand years. (Rev 20:4-6) The first resurrection; those are blessed that have part therein. (Rev 20:7-10) Satan...

Matthew Henry: Revelation (Book Introduction) An Exposition, with Practical Observations, of The Revelation of St. John the Divine It ought to be no prejudice to the credit and authority of this b...

Matthew Henry: Revelation 20 (Chapter Introduction) This chapter is thought by some to be the darkest part of all this prophecy: it is very probable that the things contained in it are not yet accomp...

Barclay: Revelation (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO THE REVELATION OF JOHN The Strange Book When a student of the New Testament embarks upon the study of the Revelation he feels him...

Barclay: Revelation 20 (Chapter Introduction) The Thousand Year Reign Of Christ And The Saints (Rev_20:1-15) Since the great importance of this chapter is that it is what might be called the fou...

Constable: Revelation (Book Introduction) Introduction Historical background The opening verses of the book state that "John" wr...

Constable: Revelation (Outline) Outline I. The preparation of the prophet ch. 1 A. The prologue of the book 1:1-8 ...

Constable: Revelation Revelation Bibliography Abbott-Smith, George. A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. Edinburgh: T. & ...

Haydock: Revelation (Book Introduction) THE APOCALYPSE OF ST. JOHN, THE APOSTLE. INTRODUCTION. Though some in the first ages [centuries] doubted whether this book was canonical, and ...

Gill: Revelation (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO REVELATION That this book was written by the Apostle and Evangelist John, is clear not only from the express mention of his name, a...

Gill: Revelation 20 (Chapter Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO REVELATION 20 This chapter contains the binding of Satan, the saints' thousand years' reign with Christ, the loosing of Satan again...

College: Revelation (Book Introduction) PREFACE This commentary on the Revelation of John has been prepared for general readers of the Bible who desire to deepen their understanding of God'...

College: Revelation (Outline) OUTLINE I. PROLOGUE - 1:1-20 A. Introduction to the Prophecy - 1:1-3 B. Sender - 1:4a C. Recipients - 1:4b D. Prescript - 1:4c-5a E. ...

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