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Text -- Romans 9:29 (NET)

Strongs On/Off
Context
9:29 Just as Isaiah predicted, “If the Lord of armies had not left us descendants, we would have become like Sodom, and we would have resembled Gomorrah.”
Parallel   Cross Reference (TSK)   ITL  

Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Gomorrah an ancient city known for its sin whose ruins are said to be visible from the Masada,a town destroyed with Sodom by burning sulphur
 · Isaiah a son of Amoz; a prophet active in Judah from about 740 to 701 B.C.,son of Amoz; a major prophet in the time of Hezekiah
 · Sodom an ancient town somewhere in the region of the Dead Sea that God destroyed with burning sulphur,a town 25 km south of Gomorrah and Masada


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Sodoma | Sodom | Sin | Sabaoth, Lord of | Sabaoth | SABAOTH, THE LORD OF | Rome | Romans, Epistle to the | Quotations and Allusions | Predestination | INSPIRATION, 8-18 | Gomorrah | Gentiles | GOD, NAMES OF | more
Table of Contents

Word/Phrase Notes
Robertson , Vincent , Wesley , JFB , Clarke , Calvin , Defender , TSK

Word/Phrase Notes
Barnes , Poole , Gill

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes , Geneva Bible

Verse Range Notes
TSK Synopsis , MHCC , Matthew Henry , Barclay , Constable , College , McGarvey

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per phrase)

Robertson: Rom 9:29 - -- Hath said before ( proeirēken ). Perfect active indicative of proeipon (defective verb). Stands on record in Isa 1:9.

Hath said before ( proeirēken ).

Perfect active indicative of proeipon (defective verb). Stands on record in Isa 1:9.

Robertson: Rom 9:29 - -- Had left ( egkatelipen ). Second aorist active indicative of old verb egkataleipō , to leave behind. Condition of second class, determined as unful...

Had left ( egkatelipen ).

Second aorist active indicative of old verb egkataleipō , to leave behind. Condition of second class, determined as unfulfilled, with an egenēthēmen and an hōmoiōthēmen as the conclusions (both first aorist passives of ginomai and homoioō , common verbs).

Robertson: Rom 9:29 - -- A seed ( sperma ). The remnant of Rom 9:27.

A seed ( sperma ).

The remnant of Rom 9:27.

Vincent: Rom 9:29 - -- Said before ( προείρηκεν ) Not in a previous passage, but by way of prediction.

Said before ( προείρηκεν )

Not in a previous passage, but by way of prediction.

Vincent: Rom 9:29 - -- Seed Following the Septuagint, which thus renders the Hebrew remnant . See Rom 9:27. Like the remnant of corn which the farmer leaves for seed.

Seed

Following the Septuagint, which thus renders the Hebrew remnant . See Rom 9:27. Like the remnant of corn which the farmer leaves for seed.

Wesley: Rom 9:29 - -- Namely, Isa 1:9, concerning those who were besieged in Jerusalem by Rezin and Pekah.

Namely, Isa 1:9, concerning those who were besieged in Jerusalem by Rezin and Pekah.

Wesley: Rom 9:29 - -- Which denotes, The present paucity: The future abundance.

Which denotes, The present paucity: The future abundance.

Wesley: Rom 9:29 - -- So that it is no unexampled thing for the main body of the Jewish nation to revolt from God, and perish in their sin.

So that it is no unexampled thing for the main body of the Jewish nation to revolt from God, and perish in their sin.

JFB: Rom 9:27-29 - -- "But Isaiah crieth"--an expression denoting a solemn testimony openly borne (Joh 1:15; Joh 7:28, Joh 7:37; Joh 12:44; Act 23:6; Act 24:21).

"But Isaiah crieth"--an expression denoting a solemn testimony openly borne (Joh 1:15; Joh 7:28, Joh 7:37; Joh 12:44; Act 23:6; Act 24:21).

JFB: Rom 9:27-29 - -- "sons"

"sons"

JFB: Rom 9:27-29 - -- "the"

"the"

JFB: Rom 9:27-29 - -- That is, the elect remnant only shall be saved.

That is, the elect remnant only shall be saved.

JFB: Rom 9:29 - -- "hath said"

"hath said"

JFB: Rom 9:29 - -- That is, probably in an earlier part of his book, namely, Isa 1:9.

That is, probably in an earlier part of his book, namely, Isa 1:9.

JFB: Rom 9:29 - -- That is, "The Lord of Hosts": the word is Hebrew, but occurs so in the Epistle of James (Jam 5:4), and has thence become naturalized in our Christian ...

That is, "The Lord of Hosts": the word is Hebrew, but occurs so in the Epistle of James (Jam 5:4), and has thence become naturalized in our Christian phraseology.

JFB: Rom 9:29 - -- Meaning a "remnant"; small at first, but in due time to be a seed of plenty (compare Psa 22:30-31; Isa 6:12-13).

Meaning a "remnant"; small at first, but in due time to be a seed of plenty (compare Psa 22:30-31; Isa 6:12-13).

JFB: Rom 9:29 - -- "become"

"become"

JFB: Rom 9:29 - -- But for this precious seed, the chosen people would have resembled the cities of the plain, both in degeneracy of character and in merited doom.

But for this precious seed, the chosen people would have resembled the cities of the plain, both in degeneracy of character and in merited doom.

Clarke: Rom 9:29 - -- And as Esaias said before - What God designs to do with the Jews at present, because of their obstinacy and rebellion, is similar to what he has don...

And as Esaias said before - What God designs to do with the Jews at present, because of their obstinacy and rebellion, is similar to what he has done before, to which the same prophet refers, Isa 1:9 : Except the Lord of hosts had left unto us a very small remnant, we should have been as Sodom, and we should have been like unto Gomorrha: i.e. had not God, who commands and overrules all the powers in heaven and earth, in mercy preserved a very small remnant, to keep up the name and being of the nation, it had been quite cut off and extinct, as Sodom and Gomorrha were. Thus we learn that it is no new thing with God to abandon the greatest part of the Jewish nation, when corrupt, and to confine his favor and blessing to a righteous, believing few

Instead of remnant, שריד sarid , both the Septuagint and the apostle have σπερμα, a seed, intimating that there were left just enough of the righteous to be a seed for a future harvest of true believers. So the godly were not destroyed from the land; some remained, and the harvest was in the days of the apostles.

Calvin: Rom 9:29 - -- 29.And as Isaiah had before said, etc 314 He brings another testimony from the first chapter, where the Prophet deplores the devastation of Israel in...

29.And as Isaiah had before said, etc 314 He brings another testimony from the first chapter, where the Prophet deplores the devastation of Israel in his time: and as this had happened once, it was no new thing. The people of Israel had indeed no pre-eminence, except what they had derived from their ancestors; who had yet been in such a manner treated, that the Prophet complained that they had been so afflicted, that they were not far from having been destroyed, as Sodom and Gomorrah had been. There was, however, this difference, that a few were preserved for a seed, to raise up the name, that they might not wholly perish, and be consigned to eternal oblivion. For it behoved God to be ever mindful of his promise, so as to manifest his mercy in the midst of the severest judgments.

Defender: Rom 9:29 - -- The destruction of Sodom and Gomorra was a very real event in history, even though it was so complete that modern archaeologists have great difficulty...

The destruction of Sodom and Gomorra was a very real event in history, even though it was so complete that modern archaeologists have great difficulty in identifying its location (Isa 1:9)."

TSK: Rom 9:29 - -- Except : Isa 1:9, Isa 6:13; Lam 3:22 Sabaoth : Jam 5:4 we had been : Gen 19:24, Gen 19:25; Isa 13:19; Jer 49:18, Jer 50:40; Lam 4:6; Amo 4:11; Zep 2:6...

Except : Isa 1:9, Isa 6:13; Lam 3:22

Sabaoth : Jam 5:4

we had been : Gen 19:24, Gen 19:25; Isa 13:19; Jer 49:18, Jer 50:40; Lam 4:6; Amo 4:11; Zep 2:6

Sodoma : Gomorrah, 2Pe 2:6; Jud 1:7

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per Verse)

Barnes: Rom 9:29 - -- And as Esaias said - Isa 1:9. Before - The apostle had just cited one prediction from the tenth chapter of Isaiah. He now says that Isaia...

And as Esaias said - Isa 1:9.

Before - The apostle had just cited one prediction from the tenth chapter of Isaiah. He now says that Isaiah had affirmed the same thing in a previous part of his prophecy.

Except the Lord of Sabaoth - In Isaiah, the Lord of Hosts. The word "Sabaoth"is the Hebrew word rendered "hosts"(armies). It properly denotes armies or military hosts organized for war. Hence, it denotes the "hosts of heaven,"and means:

(1) "The angels"who are represented as marshalled or arranged into military orders; Eph 1:21; Eph 3:10; Eph 6:12; Col 1:16; Col 2:15; Jud 1:6; 1Ki 22:19, "I saw the Lord sitting on his throne, and all the host of heaven standing by him;"Psa 103:21; Psa 148:2.

\caps1 (2) t\caps0 he stars; Jer 33:22, "As the host of heaven cannot be numbered, etc."Isa 40:26; Deu 4:19, etc. God is called the Lord of hosts, as being at the head of all these armies; their King and their Commander. It is a phrase properly expressive of his majesty and power, and is appropriately introduced here, as the "act of saving""the seed"was a signal "act of power"in the midst of great surrounding wickedness.

Had left - Had preserved, or kept from destruction. Here their preservation is ascribed to God, and it is affirmed that if God had not interposed, "the whole nation"would have been cut off. This fully establishes the doctrine of the apostle, that God might cast off the Jews, and extend the blessings to the Gentiles.

A seed - The Hebrew in Isaiah means "one surviving or escaping,"corresponding with the word "remnant."The word "seed"commonly means in the Scriptures "descendants, posterity."In this place it means "a part, a small portion; a remnant,"like the small portion of the harvest which is reserved for sowing.

We had been as Sodoma - The nation was so wicked, that unless God had preserved a small number who were pious from the general corruption of the people, they would have been swept off by judgment, like Sodom and Gomorrah. We are told that ten righteous men would have saved Sodom; Gen 18:32. Among the Israelites, in a time of great general depravity, a small number of holy men were found who preserved the nation. The design of the apostle here was the same as in the previous verses - to show that it was settled in the Jewish history that God might cast off the people, and reject them from enjoying the special privileges of his friends. It is true that in Isaiah he has reference to the temporal punishments of the Jews. But it settles "a great principle,"for which Paul was contending, that God might cast off the nation consistently with his promises and his plans. We may learn here,

(1)    That the existence of religion among a people is owing to the love of God. "Except the Lord "had left us, etc."

(2)\caps1     i\caps0 t is owing to his mercy that "any men"are kept from sin, and any nation from destruction.

(3)\caps1     w\caps0 e see the value of religion and of pious people in a nation. Ten such would have saved Sodom; and a few such saved Judea; compare Mat 5:13-14.

(4)    God has aright to withdraw his mercies from any other people, however exalted their privileges, and leave them to ruin; and we should not be high-minded, but fear; Rom, Mat 10:20.

Poole: Rom 9:29 - -- As Esaias said before in Isa 1:9 . The Lord of sabaoth or, of hosts: the mighty God, whose hosts all creatures are, which execute his will, as sold...

As Esaias said before in Isa 1:9 .

The Lord of sabaoth or, of hosts: the mighty God, whose hosts all creatures are, which execute his will, as soldiers the will of their commander.

Had left us a seed: he means by a seed, the same that he meant before by a remnant, a small number. These were left as a little seed, out of a great heap of corn: that which is chosen, and left for seed, is little in comparison of the whole crop.

We had been as Sodoma, and been made like unto Gomorrha i.e. utterly wasted and destroyed as they were, Jer 50:40 .

Gill: Rom 9:29 - -- And as Esaias said before,.... In the beginning of his prophecy, in Isa 1:9. Except the Lord of sabaoth had left us a seed; the title and character...

And as Esaias said before,.... In the beginning of his prophecy, in Isa 1:9.

Except the Lord of sabaoth had left us a seed; the title and character the great God goes by here, is "Lord of sabaoth", that is, "of hosts", or "armies"; the Septuagint often leave the word untranslated, as here and elsewhere, as in 1Sa 1:11. He is Lord of the hosts of heaven, the sun, moon, and stars, whom he brings forth by number, calls by their names, and them to praise him; of the angels, the multitude of the heavenly host, that do his pleasure, fight under him, and for him; and of the hosts of nations, of the several kingdoms of the world, who are all under his government, and among whom he acts according to his sovereign will and pleasure. Kimchi on the place says, he is called so,

"because of "the hosts above", and because of "the hosts below", who are the Israelites, that are called "hosts"; wherefore he would not consume us all, as we deserved:''

no, according to the council of his own will, he left them "a seed"; or as it is in Isaiah, a very small remnant": and so the Syriac here, סרידא, a remnant"; both signify one and the same, namely, a few persons only: "a remnant" signifies a few, which remain out of a large number; and so does "seed", which is reserved for sowing again, after the whole stock is sold off, or consumed: and the leaving of this small number designs God's gracious acts of reserving in the election of a people for himself; the calling them by his grace in time, and preserving them from general corruption; which if he had not done among the Jews, as Jarchi on the text says,

"of himself, and by his mercies, and not for our righteousnesses,''

we had been as Sodoma, and been made like unto Gomorrha; the cities which God destroyed with fire and brimstone from heaven, for their iniquities: had it not been for electing grace, they would have been like the inhabitants of these cities for wickedness; and the case would have been the same with us and with the whole world, had it not been for God's act of election, choosing some to holiness here, and happiness hereafter. The decree of election is so far from being a door to licentiousness, that it is the true spring and source of all real holiness, that has been, or is in the world; and had it not been for this, there would have been no such thing as holiness in the world; and consequently not only Judea, but thee whole world, were it not for this, must have been long before now, like Sodom and Gomorrah, in their punishment.

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Rom 9:29 A quotation from Isa 1:9.

Geneva Bible: Rom 9:29 And as Esaias said before, Except the Lord of ( c ) Sabaoth had left us a ( d ) seed, we had been as Sodoma, and been made like unto Gomorrha. ( c ) ...

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Commentary -- Verse Range Notes

TSK Synopsis: Rom 9:1-33 - --1 Paul is sorry for the Jews.7 All of Abraham not of the promise.18 God's sovereignty.25 The calling of the Gentiles and rejecting of the Jews, foreto...

MHCC: Rom 9:25-29 - --The rejecting of the Jews, and the taking in the Gentiles, were foretold in the Old Testament. It tends very much to the clearing of a truth, to obser...

Matthew Henry: Rom 9:25-29 - -- Having explained the promise, and proved the divine sovereignty, the apostle here shows how the rejection of the Jews, and the taking in of the Gent...

Barclay: Rom 9:19-29 - --In the previous passage Paul had been showing that all through the history of Israel there had been going on a process of election and selection by Go...

Constable: Rom 9:1--11:36 - --V. THE VINDICATION OF GOD'S RIGHTEOUSNESS chs. 9--11 A major problem concerning God's righteousness arises out o...

Constable: Rom 9:1-33 - --A. Israel's past election ch. 9 Paul began by tracing God's dealings with Israel in the past. ...

Constable: Rom 9:19-29 - --4. God's mercy toward Israel 9:19-29 Next Paul dealt with a question that rises out of what he had just argued for, namely God's freedom to extend mer...

College: Rom 9:1-33 - --9:1-11:36 - PART FOUR THE FAITHFULNESS OF GOD IN HIS DEALINGS WITH THE JEWS We now begin our consideration of one of the most difficult sections of...

McGarvey: Rom 9:29 - --And, as Isaiah hath said before [This may mean, Isaiah has said this before me, so that I need not prophesy myself, but may appropriate his word, or, ...

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Introduction / Outline

Robertson: Romans (Book Introduction) The Epistle to the Romans Spring of a.d. 57 By Way of Introduction Integrity of the Epistle The genuineness of the Epistle is so generally adm...

JFB: Romans (Book Introduction) THE GENUINENESS of the Epistle to the Romans has never been questioned. It has the unbroken testimony of all antiquity, up to CLEMENT OF ROME, the apo...

JFB: Romans (Outline) INTRODUCTION. (Rom. 1:1-17) THE JEW UNDER LIKE CONDEMNATION WITH THE GENTILE. (Rom. 2:1-29) JEWISH OBJECTIONS ANSWERED. (Rom 3:1-8) THAT THE JEW IS S...

TSK: Romans (Book Introduction) The Epistle to the Romans is " a writing," says Dr. Macknight, " which, for sublimity and truth of sentiment, for brevity and strength of expression,...

TSK: Romans 9 (Chapter Introduction) Overview Rom 9:1, Paul is sorry for the Jews; Rom 9:7, All of Abraham not of the promise; Rom 9:18, God’s sovereignty; Rom 9:25, The calling of ...

Poole: Romans 9 (Chapter Introduction) CHAPTER 9

MHCC: Romans (Book Introduction) The scope or design of the apostle in writing to the Romans appears to have been, to answer the unbelieving, and to teach the believing Jew; to confir...

MHCC: Romans 9 (Chapter Introduction) (Rom 9:1-5) The apostle's concern that his countrymen were strangers to the gospel. (Rom 9:6-13) The promises are made good to the spiritual seed of ...

Matthew Henry: Romans (Book Introduction) An Exposition, with Practical Observations, of The Epistle of St. Paul to the Romans If we may compare scripture with scripture, and take the opinion ...

Matthew Henry: Romans 9 (Chapter Introduction) The apostle, having plainly asserted and largely proved that justification and salvation are to had by faith only, and not by the works of the law,...

Barclay: Romans (Book Introduction) A GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE LETTERS OF PAUL The Letters Of Paul There is no more interesting body of documents in the New Testament than the letter...

Barclay: Romans 9 (Chapter Introduction) The Problem Of The Jews (Rom_9:1-6) In Rom 9-11 Paul tries to deal with one of the most bewildering problems that the Church has to solve--the probl...

Constable: Romans (Book Introduction) Introduction Historical Background Throughout the history of the church, from postapos...

Constable: Romans (Outline) Outline I. Introduction 1:1-17 A. Salutation 1:1-7 1. The writer 1:1 ...

Constable: Romans Romans Bibliography Alford, Henry. The Greek Testament. 4 vols. New ed. Cambridge: Rivingtons, 1881. ...

Haydock: Romans (Book Introduction) THE EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL, THE APOSTLE, TO THE ROMANS. INTRODUCTION. After the Gospels, which contain the history of Christ, and the Acts of...

Gill: Romans (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO ROMANS Though this epistle is in order placed the first of the epistles, yet it was not first written: there were several epistles ...

Gill: Romans 9 (Chapter Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO ROMANS 9 The apostle having discoursed of justification and sanctification, and of the privileges of justified and sanctified ones,...

College: Romans (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION I. ROMANS: ITS INFLUENCE AND IMPORTANCE God's Word is a lamp to our feet and a light for our path (Ps 119:105), and no part of it shine...

College: Romans (Outline) VIII. OUTLINE PROLOGUE - 1:1-17 I. EPISTOLARY GREETING - 1:1-7 A. The Author Introduces Himself - 1:1 1. A Slave of Christ Jesus 2. Call...

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