1 Kings 13:2

13:2 With the authority of the Lord ¹  he cried out against the altar, “O altar, altar! This is what the Lord says, ‘Look, a son named Josiah will be born to the Davidic dynasty. He will sacrifice on you the priests of the high places who offer sacrifices on you. Human bones will be burned on you.’” ² 

1 Kings 13:2

13:2 With the authority of the Lord ³  he cried out against the altar, “O altar, altar! This is what the Lord says, ‘Look, a son named Josiah will be born to the Davidic dynasty. He will sacrifice on you the priests of the high places who offer sacrifices on you. Human bones will be burned on you.’” ⁴ 

1 Kings 21:26

21:26 He was so wicked he worshiped the disgusting idols, ⁵  just like the Amorites ⁶  whom the Lord had driven out from before the Israelites.)

1 Kings 22:1-20

Ahab Dies in Battle

22:1 There was no war between Syria and Israel for three years. ⁷  22:2 In the third year King Jehoshaphat of Judah came down to visit ⁸  the king of Israel. 22:3 The king of Israel said to his servants, “Surely you recognize that Ramoth Gilead belongs to us, though we are hesitant to reclaim it from the king of Syria.” ⁹  22:4 Then he said to Jehoshaphat, “Will you go with me to attack Ramoth Gilead?” Jehoshaphat replied to the king of Israel, “I will support you; my army and horses are at your disposal.” ¹⁰  22:5 Then Jehoshaphat added, ¹¹  “First seek an oracle from the Lord.” ¹²  22:6 So the king of Israel assembled about four hundred prophets and asked them, “Should I attack Ramoth Gilead or not?” ¹³  They said, “Attack! The sovereign one ¹⁴  will hand it over to the king.” 22:7 But Jehoshaphat asked, “Is there not a prophet of the Lord still here, that we may ask him?” 22:8 The king of Israel answered Jehoshaphat, “There is still one man through whom we can seek the Lord’s will. ¹⁵  But I despise ¹⁶  him because he does not prophesy prosperity for me, but disaster. His name is Micaiah son of Imlah. ¹⁷  Jehoshaphat said, “The king should not say such things.” 22:9 The king of Israel summoned an official and said, “Quickly bring Micaiah son of Imlah.”

22:10 Now the king of Israel and King Jehoshaphat of Judah were sitting on their respective thrones, ¹⁸  dressed in their robes, at the threshing floor at the entrance of the gate of Samaria. ¹⁹  All the prophets were prophesying before them. 22:11 Zedekiah son of Kenaanah made iron horns and said, “This is what the Lord says, ‘With these you will gore Syria until they are destroyed.’” 22:12 All the prophets were prophesying the same, saying, “Attack Ramoth Gilead! You will succeed; the Lord will hand it over to the king.” 22:13 Now the messenger who went to summon Micaiah said to him, “Look, the prophets are in complete agreement that the king will succeed. ²⁰  Your words must agree with theirs; you must predict success.” ²¹  22:14 But Micaiah said, “As certainly as the Lord lives, I will say what the Lord tells me to say.”

22:15 When he came before the king, the king asked him, “Micaiah, should we attack Ramoth Gilead or not?” He answered him, “Attack! You will succeed; the Lord will hand it over to the king.” ²²  22:16 The king said to him, “How many times must I make you solemnly promise in ²³  the name of the Lord to tell me only the truth?” 22:17 Micaiah ²⁴  said, “I saw all Israel scattered on the mountains like sheep that have no shepherd. Then the Lord said, ‘They have no master. They should go home in peace.’” 22:18 The king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, “Didn’t I tell you he does not prophesy prosperity for me, but disaster?” 22:19 Micaiah ²⁵  said, “That being the case, hear the word of the Lord. I saw the Lord sitting on his throne, with all the heavenly assembly standing on his right and on his left. 22:20 The Lord said, ‘Who will deceive Ahab, so he will attack Ramoth Gilead and die ²⁶  there?’ One said this and another that.

1 Kings 1:1-30

Adonijah Tries to Seize the Throne

1:1 King David was very old; ²⁷  even when they covered him with blankets, ²⁸  he could not get warm. 1:2 His servants advised ²⁹  him, “A young virgin must be found for our master, the king, ³⁰  to take care of the king’s needs ³¹  and serve as his nurse. She can also sleep with you ³²  and keep our master, the king, warm.” ³³  1:3 So they looked through all Israel ³⁴  for a beautiful young woman and found Abishag, a Shunammite, and brought her to the king. 1:4 The young woman was very beautiful; she became the king’s nurse and served him, but the king did not have sexual relations with her. ³⁵ 

1:5 Now Adonijah, son of David and Haggith, ³⁶  was promoting himself, ³⁷  boasting, ³⁸  “I will be king!” He managed to acquire ³⁹  chariots and horsemen, as well as fifty men to serve as his royal guard. ⁴⁰  1:6 (Now his father had never corrected ⁴¹  him ⁴²  by saying, “Why do you do such things?” He was also very handsome and had been born right after Absalom. ⁴³ ) 1:7 He collaborated ⁴⁴  with Joab son of Zeruiah and with Abiathar the priest, and they supported ⁴⁵  him. ⁴⁶  1:8 But Zadok the priest, Benaiah son of Jehoiada, Nathan the prophet, Shimei, Rei, and David’s elite warriors ⁴⁷  did not ally themselves ⁴⁸  with Adonijah. 1:9 Adonijah sacrificed sheep, cattle, and fattened steers at the Stone of Zoheleth near En Rogel. He invited all his brothers, the king’s sons, ⁴⁹  as well as all the men of Judah, the king’s servants. 1:10 But he did not invite Nathan the prophet, Benaiah, the elite warriors, ⁵⁰  or his brother Solomon.

1:11 Nathan said to Bathsheba, Solomon’s mother, “Has it been reported to you ⁵¹  that Haggith’s son Adonijah has become king behind our master David’s back? ⁵²  1:12 Now ⁵³  let me give you some advice as to how ⁵⁴  you can save your life and your son Solomon’s life. 1:13 Visit ⁵⁵  King David and say to him, ‘My master, O king, did you not solemnly promise ⁵⁶  your servant, “Surely your son Solomon will be king after me; he will sit on my throne”? So why has Adonijah become king?’ 1:14 While ⁵⁷  you are still there speaking to the king, I will arrive ⁵⁸  and verify your report.” ⁵⁹ 

1:15 So Bathsheba visited the king in his private quarters. ⁶⁰  (The king was very old, and Abishag the Shunammite was serving the king.) 1:16 Bathsheba bowed down on the floor before ⁶¹  the king. The king said, “What do you want?” 1:17 She replied to him, “My master, you swore an oath to your servant by the Lord your God, ‘Solomon your son will be king after me and he will sit on my throne.’ 1:18 But now, look, Adonijah has become king! But you, ⁶²  my master the king, are not even aware of it! ⁶³  1:19 He has sacrificed many cattle, steers, and sheep and has invited all the king’s sons, Abiathar the priest, and Joab, the commander of the army, but he has not invited your servant Solomon. 1:20 Now, ⁶⁴  my master, O king, all Israel is watching anxiously to see who is named to succeed my master the king on the throne. ⁶⁵  1:21 If a decision is not made, ⁶⁶  when my master the king is buried with his ancestors, ⁶⁷  my son Solomon and I ⁶⁸  will be considered state criminals.” ⁶⁹ 

1:22 Just then, ⁷⁰  while she was still speaking to the king, Nathan the prophet arrived. 1:23 The king was told, “Nathan the prophet is here.” Nathan entered and bowed before the king with his face to the floor. ⁷¹  1:24 Nathan said, “My master, O king, did you announce, ‘Adonijah will be king after me; he will sit on my throne’? 1:25 For today he has gone down and sacrificed many cattle, steers, and sheep and has invited all the king’s sons, the army commanders, and Abiathar the priest. At this moment ⁷²  they are having a feast ⁷³  in his presence, and they have declared, ‘Long live King Adonijah!’ ⁷⁴  1:26 But he did not invite me – your servant – or Zadok the priest, or Benaiah son of Jehoiada, or your servant Solomon. 1:27 Has my master the king authorized this without informing your servants ⁷⁵  who should succeed my master the king on his throne?” ⁷⁶ 

David Picks Solomon as His Successor

1:28 King David responded, ⁷⁷  “Summon Bathsheba!” ⁷⁸  She came and stood before the king. ⁷⁹  1:29 The king swore an oath: “As certainly as the Lord lives (he who has rescued me ⁸⁰  from every danger), 1:30 I will keep ⁸¹  today the oath I swore to you by the Lord God of Israel: ‘Surely Solomon your son will be king after me; he will sit in my place on my throne.’”

1 Kings 1:2

1:2 His servants advised ⁸²  him, “A young virgin must be found for our master, the king, ⁸³  to take care of the king’s needs ⁸⁴  and serve as his nurse. She can also sleep with you ⁸⁵  and keep our master, the king, warm.” ⁸⁶ 

1 Kings 1:25

1:25 For today he has gone down and sacrificed many cattle, steers, and sheep and has invited all the king’s sons, the army commanders, and Abiathar the priest. At this moment ⁸⁷  they are having a feast ⁸⁸  in his presence, and they have declared, ‘Long live King Adonijah!’ ⁸⁹ 

1 Kings 1:1-33

Adonijah Tries to Seize the Throne

1:1 King David was very old; ⁹⁰  even when they covered him with blankets, ⁹¹  he could not get warm. 1:2 His servants advised ⁹²  him, “A young virgin must be found for our master, the king, ⁹³  to take care of the king’s needs ⁹⁴  and serve as his nurse. She can also sleep with you ⁹⁵  and keep our master, the king, warm.” ⁹⁶  1:3 So they looked through all Israel ⁹⁷  for a beautiful young woman and found Abishag, a Shunammite, and brought her to the king. 1:4 The young woman was very beautiful; she became the king’s nurse and served him, but the king did not have sexual relations with her. ⁹⁸ 

1:5 Now Adonijah, son of David and Haggith, ⁹⁹  was promoting himself, ¹⁰⁰  boasting, ¹⁰¹  “I will be king!” He managed to acquire ¹⁰²  chariots and horsemen, as well as fifty men to serve as his royal guard. ¹⁰³  1:6 (Now his father had never corrected ¹⁰⁴  him ¹⁰⁵  by saying, “Why do you do such things?” He was also very handsome and had been born right after Absalom. ¹⁰⁶ ) 1:7 He collaborated ¹⁰⁷  with Joab son of Zeruiah and with Abiathar the priest, and they supported ¹⁰⁸  him. ¹⁰⁹  1:8 But Zadok the priest, Benaiah son of Jehoiada, Nathan the prophet, Shimei, Rei, and David’s elite warriors ¹¹⁰  did not ally themselves ¹¹¹  with Adonijah. 1:9 Adonijah sacrificed sheep, cattle, and fattened steers at the Stone of Zoheleth near En Rogel. He invited all his brothers, the king’s sons, ¹¹²  as well as all the men of Judah, the king’s servants. 1:10 But he did not invite Nathan the prophet, Benaiah, the elite warriors, ¹¹³  or his brother Solomon.

1:11 Nathan said to Bathsheba, Solomon’s mother, “Has it been reported to you ¹¹⁴  that Haggith’s son Adonijah has become king behind our master David’s back? ¹¹⁵  1:12 Now ¹¹⁶  let me give you some advice as to how ¹¹⁷  you can save your life and your son Solomon’s life. 1:13 Visit ¹¹⁸  King David and say to him, ‘My master, O king, did you not solemnly promise ¹¹⁹  your servant, “Surely your son Solomon will be king after me; he will sit on my throne”? So why has Adonijah become king?’ 1:14 While ¹²⁰  you are still there speaking to the king, I will arrive ¹²¹  and verify your report.” ¹²² 

1:15 So Bathsheba visited the king in his private quarters. ¹²³  (The king was very old, and Abishag the Shunammite was serving the king.) 1:16 Bathsheba bowed down on the floor before ¹²⁴  the king. The king said, “What do you want?” 1:17 She replied to him, “My master, you swore an oath to your servant by the Lord your God, ‘Solomon your son will be king after me and he will sit on my throne.’ 1:18 But now, look, Adonijah has become king! But you, ¹²⁵  my master the king, are not even aware of it! ¹²⁶  1:19 He has sacrificed many cattle, steers, and sheep and has invited all the king’s sons, Abiathar the priest, and Joab, the commander of the army, but he has not invited your servant Solomon. 1:20 Now, ¹²⁷  my master, O king, all Israel is watching anxiously to see who is named to succeed my master the king on the throne. ¹²⁸  1:21 If a decision is not made, ¹²⁹  when my master the king is buried with his ancestors, ¹³⁰  my son Solomon and I ¹³¹  will be considered state criminals.” ¹³² 

1:22 Just then, ¹³³  while she was still speaking to the king, Nathan the prophet arrived. 1:23 The king was told, “Nathan the prophet is here.” Nathan entered and bowed before the king with his face to the floor. ¹³⁴  1:24 Nathan said, “My master, O king, did you announce, ‘Adonijah will be king after me; he will sit on my throne’? 1:25 For today he has gone down and sacrificed many cattle, steers, and sheep and has invited all the king’s sons, the army commanders, and Abiathar the priest. At this moment ¹³⁵  they are having a feast ¹³⁶  in his presence, and they have declared, ‘Long live King Adonijah!’ ¹³⁷  1:26 But he did not invite me – your servant – or Zadok the priest, or Benaiah son of Jehoiada, or your servant Solomon. 1:27 Has my master the king authorized this without informing your servants ¹³⁸  who should succeed my master the king on his throne?” ¹³⁹ 

David Picks Solomon as His Successor

1:28 King David responded, ¹⁴⁰  “Summon Bathsheba!” ¹⁴¹  She came and stood before the king. ¹⁴²  1:29 The king swore an oath: “As certainly as the Lord lives (he who has rescued me ¹⁴³  from every danger), 1:30 I will keep ¹⁴⁴  today the oath I swore to you by the Lord God of Israel: ‘Surely Solomon your son will be king after me; he will sit in my place on my throne.’” 1:31 Bathsheba bowed down to the king with her face to the floor ¹⁴⁵  and said, “May my master, King David, live forever!”

1:32 King David said, “Summon Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, ¹⁴⁶  and Benaiah son of Jehoiada.” They came before the king, 1:33 and he ¹⁴⁷  told them, “Take your master’s ¹⁴⁸  servants with you, put my son Solomon on my mule, and lead him down to Gihon. ¹⁴⁹ 

1 Kings 1:1-27

Adonijah Tries to Seize the Throne

1:1 King David was very old; ¹⁵⁰  even when they covered him with blankets, ¹⁵¹  he could not get warm. 1:2 His servants advised ¹⁵²  him, “A young virgin must be found for our master, the king, ¹⁵³  to take care of the king’s needs ¹⁵⁴  and serve as his nurse. She can also sleep with you ¹⁵⁵  and keep our master, the king, warm.” ¹⁵⁶  1:3 So they looked through all Israel ¹⁵⁷  for a beautiful young woman and found Abishag, a Shunammite, and brought her to the king. 1:4 The young woman was very beautiful; she became the king’s nurse and served him, but the king did not have sexual relations with her. ¹⁵⁸ 

1:5 Now Adonijah, son of David and Haggith, ¹⁵⁹  was promoting himself, ¹⁶⁰  boasting, ¹⁶¹  “I will be king!” He managed to acquire ¹⁶²  chariots and horsemen, as well as fifty men to serve as his royal guard. ¹⁶³  1:6 (Now his father had never corrected ¹⁶⁴  him ¹⁶⁵  by saying, “Why do you do such things?” He was also very handsome and had been born right after Absalom. ¹⁶⁶ ) 1:7 He collaborated ¹⁶⁷  with Joab son of Zeruiah and with Abiathar the priest, and they supported ¹⁶⁸  him. ¹⁶⁹  1:8 But Zadok the priest, Benaiah son of Jehoiada, Nathan the prophet, Shimei, Rei, and David’s elite warriors ¹⁷⁰  did not ally themselves ¹⁷¹  with Adonijah. 1:9 Adonijah sacrificed sheep, cattle, and fattened steers at the Stone of Zoheleth near En Rogel. He invited all his brothers, the king’s sons, ¹⁷²  as well as all the men of Judah, the king’s servants. 1:10 But he did not invite Nathan the prophet, Benaiah, the elite warriors, ¹⁷³  or his brother Solomon.

1:11 Nathan said to Bathsheba, Solomon’s mother, “Has it been reported to you ¹⁷⁴  that Haggith’s son Adonijah has become king behind our master David’s back? ¹⁷⁵  1:12 Now ¹⁷⁶  let me give you some advice as to how ¹⁷⁷  you can save your life and your son Solomon’s life. 1:13 Visit ¹⁷⁸  King David and say to him, ‘My master, O king, did you not solemnly promise ¹⁷⁹  your servant, “Surely your son Solomon will be king after me; he will sit on my throne”? So why has Adonijah become king?’ 1:14 While ¹⁸⁰  you are still there speaking to the king, I will arrive ¹⁸¹  and verify your report.” ¹⁸² 

1:15 So Bathsheba visited the king in his private quarters. ¹⁸³  (The king was very old, and Abishag the Shunammite was serving the king.) 1:16 Bathsheba bowed down on the floor before ¹⁸⁴  the king. The king said, “What do you want?” 1:17 She replied to him, “My master, you swore an oath to your servant by the Lord your God, ‘Solomon your son will be king after me and he will sit on my throne.’ 1:18 But now, look, Adonijah has become king! But you, ¹⁸⁵  my master the king, are not even aware of it! ¹⁸⁶  1:19 He has sacrificed many cattle, steers, and sheep and has invited all the king’s sons, Abiathar the priest, and Joab, the commander of the army, but he has not invited your servant Solomon. 1:20 Now, ¹⁸⁷  my master, O king, all Israel is watching anxiously to see who is named to succeed my master the king on the throne. ¹⁸⁸  1:21 If a decision is not made, ¹⁸⁹  when my master the king is buried with his ancestors, ¹⁹⁰  my son Solomon and I ¹⁹¹  will be considered state criminals.” ¹⁹² 

1:22 Just then, ¹⁹³  while she was still speaking to the king, Nathan the prophet arrived. 1:23 The king was told, “Nathan the prophet is here.” Nathan entered and bowed before the king with his face to the floor. ¹⁹⁴  1:24 Nathan said, “My master, O king, did you announce, ‘Adonijah will be king after me; he will sit on my throne’? 1:25 For today he has gone down and sacrificed many cattle, steers, and sheep and has invited all the king’s sons, the army commanders, and Abiathar the priest. At this moment ¹⁹⁵  they are having a feast ¹⁹⁶  in his presence, and they have declared, ‘Long live King Adonijah!’ ¹⁹⁷  1:26 But he did not invite me – your servant – or Zadok the priest, or Benaiah son of Jehoiada, or your servant Solomon. 1:27 Has my master the king authorized this without informing your servants ¹⁹⁸  who should succeed my master the king on his throne?” ¹⁹⁹ 

Jeremiah 1:2-3

1:2 The Lord ²⁰⁰  began to speak to him ²⁰¹  in the thirteenth year that Josiah son of Amon ruled over Judah. 1:3 The Lord also spoke to him when Jehoiakim son of Josiah ruled over Judah, and he continued to speak to him until the fifth month of the eleventh year ²⁰²  that Zedekiah son of Josiah ruled over Judah. That was when the people of Jerusalem ²⁰³  were taken into exile. ²⁰⁴ 

[13:2]  ¹ tn Heb “by the word of the Lord.”

[13:2]  ² sn ‘Look…you.’ For the fulfillment of this prophecy see 2 Kgs 23:15-20.

[13:2]  ³ tn Heb “by the word of the Lord.”

[13:2]  ⁴ sn ‘Look…you.’ For the fulfillment of this prophecy see 2 Kgs 23:15-20.

[21:26]  ⁵ tn The Hebrew word used here, גִלּוּלִים (gillulim) is always used as a disdainful reference to idols. It is generally thought to have originally referred to “dung pellets” (cf. KBL 183 s.v. גִלּוּלִים). It is only one of several terms used in this way, such as אֱלִילִים (’elilim, “worthless things”) and הֲבָלִים (havalim, “vanities” or “empty winds”).

[21:26]  ⁶ tn Heb “He acted very abominably by walking after the disgusting idols, according to all which the Amorites had done.”

[22:1]  ⁷ tn Heb “and they lived three years without war between Aram and Israel.”

[22:2]  ⁸ tn The word “visit” is supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[22:3]  ⁹ tn Heb “Do you know that Ramoth Gilead belongs to us, and we hesitate to take it from the hand of the king of Aram?” The rhetorical question expects the answer, “Of course, you must know!”

[22:4]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “Like me, like you; like my people, like your people; like my horses; like your horses.”

[22:5]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and Jehoshaphat said to the king of Israel.”

[22:5]  ¹² tn Heb “the word of the Lord.” Jehoshaphat is requesting a prophetic oracle revealing the Lord’s will in the matter and their prospects for success. For examples of such oracles, see 2 Sam 5:19, 23-24.

[22:6]  ¹³ tn Heb “Should I go against Ramoth Gilead for war or should I refrain?”

[22:6]  ¹⁴ tn Though Jehoshaphat requested an oracle from “the Lord” (יְהוָה, Yahweh), they stop short of actually using this name and substitute the title אֲדֹנָי (’adonai, “lord; master”). This ambiguity may explain in part Jehoshaphat’s hesitancy and caution (vv. 7-8). He seems to doubt that the four hundred are genuine prophets of the Lord.

[22:8]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “to seek the Lord from him.”

[22:8]  ¹⁶ tn Or “hate.”

[22:8]  ¹⁷ tn The words “his name is” are supplied for stylistic reasons.

[22:10]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “were sitting, a man on his throne.”

[22:10]  ¹⁹ map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.

[22:13]  ²⁰ tn Heb “the words of the prophets are [with] one mouth good for the king.”

[22:13]  ²¹ tn Heb “let your words be like the word of each of them and speak good.”

[22:15]  ²² sn “Attack! You will succeed; the Lord will hand it over to the king.” One does not expect Micaiah, having just vowed to speak only what the Lord tells him, to agree with the other prophets and give the king an inaccurate prophecy. Micaiah’s actions became understandable later, when it is revealed that the Lord desires to deceive the king and lead him to his demise. The Lord even dispatches a lying spirit to deceive Ahab’s prophets. Micaiah can lie to the king because he realizes this lie is from the Lord. It is important to note that in v. 14 Micaiah only vows to speak the word of the Lord; he does not necessarily say he will tell the truth. In this case the Lord’s word itself is deceptive. Only when the king adjures him to tell the truth (v. 16), does Micaiah do so.

[22:16]  ²³ tn Or “swear an oath by.”

[22:17]  ²⁴ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Micaiah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:19]  ²⁵ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Micaiah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:20]  ²⁶ tn Heb “and fall.”

[1:1]  ²⁷ tn Heb “was old, coming into the days” (i.e., advancing in years).

[1:1]  ²⁸ tn Or “garments.”

[1:2]  ²⁹ tn Heb “said to.”

[1:2]  ³⁰ tn Heb “let them seek for my master, the king, a young girl, a virgin.” The third person plural subject of the verb is indefinite (see GKC 460 §144.f). The appositional expression, “a young girl, a virgin,” is idiomatic; the second term specifically defines the more general first term (see IBHS 230 §12.3b).

[1:2]  ³¹ tn Heb “and she will stand before the king.” The Hebrew phrase “stand before” can mean “to attend; to serve” (BDB 764 s.v. עָמַד).

[1:2]  ³² tn Heb “and she will lie down in your bosom.” The expression might imply sexual intimacy (see 2 Sam 12:3 [where the lamb symbolizes Bathsheba] and Mic 7:5), though v. 4b indicates that David did not actually have sex with the young woman.

[1:2]  ³³ tn Heb “and my master, the king, will be warm.”

[1:3]  ³⁴ tn Heb “through all the territory of Israel.”

[1:4]  ³⁵ tn Heb “did not know her.”

[1:5]  ³⁶ tn Heb “son of Haggith,” but since this formula usually designates the father (who in this case was David), the translation specifies that David was Adonijah’s father.

[1:5]  ³⁷ tn Heb “lifting himself up.”

[1:5]  ³⁸ tn Heb “saying.”

[1:5]  ³⁹ tn Or “he acquired for himself.”

[1:5]  ⁴⁰ tn Heb “to run ahead of him.”

[1:6]  ⁴¹ tn Or “disciplined.”

[1:6]  ⁴² tn Heb “did not correct him from his days.” The phrase “from his days” means “from his earliest days,” or “ever in his life.” See GKC 382 §119.w, n. 2.

[1:6]  ⁴³ tn Heb “and she gave birth to him after Absalom.” This does not imply they had the same mother; Absalom’s mother was Maacah, not Haggith (2 Sam 3:4).

[1:7]  ⁴⁴ tn Heb “his words were.”

[1:7]  ⁴⁵ tn Heb “helped after” (i.e., stood by).

[1:7]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “Adonijah.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun (“him”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[1:8]  ⁴⁷ tn Or “bodyguard” (Heb “mighty men”).

[1:8]  ⁴⁸ tn Heb “were not.”

[1:9]  ⁴⁹ tc The ancient Greek version omits this appositional phrase.

[1:10]  ⁵⁰ tn Or “bodyguard” (Heb “mighty men”).

[1:11]  ⁵¹ tn Heb “Have you not heard?”

[1:11]  ⁵² tn Heb “and our master David does not know.”

[1:12]  ⁵³ tn Heb “now, come.” The imperative of הָלַךְ (halakh) is here used as an introductory interjection. See BDB 234 s.v. חָלַךְ.

[1:12]  ⁵⁴ tn Or “so that.”

[1:13]  ⁵⁵ tn Heb “come, go to.” The imperative of הָלַךְ (halakh) is here used as an introductory interjection. See BDB 234 s.v. חָלַךְ.

[1:13]  ⁵⁶ tn Or “swear an oath to.”

[1:14]  ⁵⁷ tn In the Hebrew text the sentence is introduced by the particle הִנֵּה (hinneh, “look”), which here draws attention to Nathan’s concluding word of assurance and support. For this use of the word, see HALOT 252 s.v. הִנֵּה.

[1:14]  ⁵⁸ tc The Hebrew text reads, “I will come after you.”

[1:14]  ⁵⁹ tn Heb “fill up [i.e., confirm] your words.”

[1:15]  ⁶⁰ tn Or “bedroom.”

[1:16]  ⁶¹ tn Heb “bowed low and bowed down to.”

[1:18]  ⁶² tc Instead of עַתָּה (’attah, “now”) many Hebrew mss, along with the Old Greek, Syriac Peshitta, and Latin Vulgate, have the similar sounding independent pronoun אַתָּה (’attah, “you”). This reading is followed in the present translation.

[1:18]  ⁶³ tn Heb “you do not know [about it].”

[1:20]  ⁶⁴ tc Many Hebrew mss have עַתָּה (’attah, “now”) rather than the similar sounding independent pronoun אַתָּה (’attah, “you”).

[1:20]  ⁶⁵ tn Heb “the eyes of all Israel are upon you to declare to them who will sit on the throne of my master the king after him.”

[1:21]  ⁶⁶ tn The words “if a decision is not made” are added for clarification.

[1:21]  ⁶⁷ tn Heb “lies down with his fathers.”

[1:21]  ⁶⁸ tn Heb “I and my son Solomon.” The order has been reversed in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[1:21]  ⁶⁹ tn Heb “will be guilty”; NASB “considered offenders”; TEV “treated as traitors.”

[1:22]  ⁷⁰ tn Heb “look.” The particle הִנֵּה (hinneh) here draws attention to Nathan’s arrival and invites the audience to view the scene through the eyes of the participants.

[1:23]  ⁷¹ tn Heb “ground.” Since this was indoors, “floor” is more appropriate than “ground.”

[1:25]  ⁷² tn Heb “look.”

[1:25]  ⁷³ tn Heb “eating and drinking.”

[1:25]  ⁷⁴ tn Heb “let the king, Adonijah, live!”

[1:27]  ⁷⁵ tc Many Hebrew mss and ancient textual witnesses agree with the Qere in reading this as singular, “your servant.”

[1:27]  ⁷⁶ tn Heb “From my master the king is this thing done, and you did not make known to your servants who will sit on the throne of my master the king after him?”

[1:28]  ⁷⁷ tn Heb “answered and said.”

[1:28]  ⁷⁸ sn Summon Bathsheba. Bathsheba must have left the room when Nathan arrived (see 1:22).

[1:28]  ⁷⁹ tn Heb “she came before the king and stood before the king.”

[1:29]  ⁸⁰ tn Or “ransomed my life.”

[1:30]  ⁸¹ tn Or “carry out, perform.”

[1:2]  ⁸² tn Heb “said to.”

[1:2]  ⁸³ tn Heb “let them seek for my master, the king, a young girl, a virgin.” The third person plural subject of the verb is indefinite (see GKC 460 §144.f). The appositional expression, “a young girl, a virgin,” is idiomatic; the second term specifically defines the more general first term (see IBHS 230 §12.3b).

[1:2]  ⁸⁴ tn Heb “and she will stand before the king.” The Hebrew phrase “stand before” can mean “to attend; to serve” (BDB 764 s.v. עָמַד).

[1:2]  ⁸⁵ tn Heb “and she will lie down in your bosom.” The expression might imply sexual intimacy (see 2 Sam 12:3 [where the lamb symbolizes Bathsheba] and Mic 7:5), though v. 4b indicates that David did not actually have sex with the young woman.

[1:2]  ⁸⁶ tn Heb “and my master, the king, will be warm.”

[1:25]  ⁸⁷ tn Heb “look.”

[1:25]  ⁸⁸ tn Heb “eating and drinking.”

[1:25]  ⁸⁹ tn Heb “let the king, Adonijah, live!”

[1:1]  ⁹⁰ tn Heb “was old, coming into the days” (i.e., advancing in years).

[1:1]  ⁹¹ tn Or “garments.”

[1:2]  ⁹² tn Heb “said to.”

[1:2]  ⁹³ tn Heb “let them seek for my master, the king, a young girl, a virgin.” The third person plural subject of the verb is indefinite (see GKC 460 §144.f). The appositional expression, “a young girl, a virgin,” is idiomatic; the second term specifically defines the more general first term (see IBHS 230 §12.3b).

[1:2]  ⁹⁴ tn Heb “and she will stand before the king.” The Hebrew phrase “stand before” can mean “to attend; to serve” (BDB 764 s.v. עָמַד).

[1:2]  ⁹⁵ tn Heb “and she will lie down in your bosom.” The expression might imply sexual intimacy (see 2 Sam 12:3 [where the lamb symbolizes Bathsheba] and Mic 7:5), though v. 4b indicates that David did not actually have sex with the young woman.

[1:2]  ⁹⁶ tn Heb “and my master, the king, will be warm.”

[1:3]  ⁹⁷ tn Heb “through all the territory of Israel.”

[1:4]  ⁹⁸ tn Heb “did not know her.”

[1:5]  ⁹⁹ tn Heb “son of Haggith,” but since this formula usually designates the father (who in this case was David), the translation specifies that David was Adonijah’s father.

[1:5]  ¹⁰⁰ tn Heb “lifting himself up.”

[1:5]  ¹⁰¹ tn Heb “saying.”

[1:5]  ¹⁰² tn Or “he acquired for himself.”

[1:5]  ¹⁰³ tn Heb “to run ahead of him.”

[1:6]  ¹⁰⁴ tn Or “disciplined.”

[1:6]  ¹⁰⁵ tn Heb “did not correct him from his days.” The phrase “from his days” means “from his earliest days,” or “ever in his life.” See GKC 382 §119.w, n. 2.

[1:6]  ¹⁰⁶ tn Heb “and she gave birth to him after Absalom.” This does not imply they had the same mother; Absalom’s mother was Maacah, not Haggith (2 Sam 3:4).

[1:7]  ¹⁰⁷ tn Heb “his words were.”

[1:7]  ¹⁰⁸ tn Heb “helped after” (i.e., stood by).

[1:7]  ¹⁰⁹ tn Heb “Adonijah.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun (“him”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[1:8]  ¹¹⁰ tn Or “bodyguard” (Heb “mighty men”).

[1:8]  ¹¹¹ tn Heb “were not.”

[1:9]  ¹¹² tc The ancient Greek version omits this appositional phrase.

[1:10]  ¹¹³ tn Or “bodyguard” (Heb “mighty men”).

[1:11]  ¹¹⁴ tn Heb “Have you not heard?”

[1:11]  ¹¹⁵ tn Heb “and our master David does not know.”

[1:12]  ¹¹⁶ tn Heb “now, come.” The imperative of הָלַךְ (halakh) is here used as an introductory interjection. See BDB 234 s.v. חָלַךְ.

[1:12]  ¹¹⁷ tn Or “so that.”

[1:13]  ¹¹⁸ tn Heb “come, go to.” The imperative of הָלַךְ (halakh) is here used as an introductory interjection. See BDB 234 s.v. חָלַךְ.

[1:13]  ¹¹⁹ tn Or “swear an oath to.”

[1:14]  ¹²⁰ tn In the Hebrew text the sentence is introduced by the particle הִנֵּה (hinneh, “look”), which here draws attention to Nathan’s concluding word of assurance and support. For this use of the word, see HALOT 252 s.v. הִנֵּה.

[1:14]  ¹²¹ tc The Hebrew text reads, “I will come after you.”

[1:14]  ¹²² tn Heb “fill up [i.e., confirm] your words.”

[1:15]  ¹²³ tn Or “bedroom.”

[1:16]  ¹²⁴ tn Heb “bowed low and bowed down to.”

[1:18]  ¹²⁵ tc Instead of עַתָּה (’attah, “now”) many Hebrew mss, along with the Old Greek, Syriac Peshitta, and Latin Vulgate, have the similar sounding independent pronoun אַתָּה (’attah, “you”). This reading is followed in the present translation.

[1:18]  ¹²⁶ tn Heb “you do not know [about it].”

[1:20]  ¹²⁷ tc Many Hebrew mss have עַתָּה (’attah, “now”) rather than the similar sounding independent pronoun אַתָּה (’attah, “you”).

[1:20]  ¹²⁸ tn Heb “the eyes of all Israel are upon you to declare to them who will sit on the throne of my master the king after him.”

[1:21]  ¹²⁹ tn The words “if a decision is not made” are added for clarification.

[1:21]  ¹³⁰ tn Heb “lies down with his fathers.”

[1:21]  ¹³¹ tn Heb “I and my son Solomon.” The order has been reversed in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[1:21]  ¹³² tn Heb “will be guilty”; NASB “considered offenders”; TEV “treated as traitors.”

[1:22]  ¹³³ tn Heb “look.” The particle הִנֵּה (hinneh) here draws attention to Nathan’s arrival and invites the audience to view the scene through the eyes of the participants.

[1:23]  ¹³⁴ tn Heb “ground.” Since this was indoors, “floor” is more appropriate than “ground.”

[1:25]  ¹³⁵ tn Heb “look.”

[1:25]  ¹³⁶ tn Heb “eating and drinking.”

[1:25]  ¹³⁷ tn Heb “let the king, Adonijah, live!”

[1:27]  ¹³⁸ tc Many Hebrew mss and ancient textual witnesses agree with the Qere in reading this as singular, “your servant.”

[1:27]  ¹³⁹ tn Heb “From my master the king is this thing done, and you did not make known to your servants who will sit on the throne of my master the king after him?”

[1:28]  ¹⁴⁰ tn Heb “answered and said.”

[1:28]  ¹⁴¹ sn Summon Bathsheba. Bathsheba must have left the room when Nathan arrived (see 1:22).

[1:28]  ¹⁴² tn Heb “she came before the king and stood before the king.”

[1:29]  ¹⁴³ tn Or “ransomed my life.”

[1:30]  ¹⁴⁴ tn Or “carry out, perform.”

[1:31]  ¹⁴⁵ tn Heb “bowed low, face [to] the ground, and bowed down to the king.”

[1:32]  ¹⁴⁶ sn Summon…Nathan. Nathan must have left the room when Bathsheba reentered.

[1:33]  ¹⁴⁷ tn Heb “the king.”

[1:33]  ¹⁴⁸ tn The plural form is used in the Hebrew text to indicate honor and authority.

[1:33]  ¹⁴⁹ tn Heb “mount Solomon my son on the mule that belongs to me and take him down to Gihon.”

[1:1]  ¹⁵⁰ tn Heb “was old, coming into the days” (i.e., advancing in years).

[1:1]  ¹⁵¹ tn Or “garments.”

[1:2]  ¹⁵² tn Heb “said to.”

[1:2]  ¹⁵³ tn Heb “let them seek for my master, the king, a young girl, a virgin.” The third person plural subject of the verb is indefinite (see GKC 460 §144.f). The appositional expression, “a young girl, a virgin,” is idiomatic; the second term specifically defines the more general first term (see IBHS 230 §12.3b).

[1:2]  ¹⁵⁴ tn Heb “and she will stand before the king.” The Hebrew phrase “stand before” can mean “to attend; to serve” (BDB 764 s.v. עָמַד).

[1:2]  ¹⁵⁵ tn Heb “and she will lie down in your bosom.” The expression might imply sexual intimacy (see 2 Sam 12:3 [where the lamb symbolizes Bathsheba] and Mic 7:5), though v. 4b indicates that David did not actually have sex with the young woman.

[1:2]  ¹⁵⁶ tn Heb “and my master, the king, will be warm.”

[1:3]  ¹⁵⁷ tn Heb “through all the territory of Israel.”

[1:4]  ¹⁵⁸ tn Heb “did not know her.”

[1:5]  ¹⁵⁹ tn Heb “son of Haggith,” but since this formula usually designates the father (who in this case was David), the translation specifies that David was Adonijah’s father.

[1:5]  ¹⁶⁰ tn Heb “lifting himself up.”

[1:5]  ¹⁶¹ tn Heb “saying.”

[1:5]  ¹⁶² tn Or “he acquired for himself.”

[1:5]  ¹⁶³ tn Heb “to run ahead of him.”

[1:6]  ¹⁶⁴ tn Or “disciplined.”

[1:6]  ¹⁶⁵ tn Heb “did not correct him from his days.” The phrase “from his days” means “from his earliest days,” or “ever in his life.” See GKC 382 §119.w, n. 2.

[1:6]  ¹⁶⁶ tn Heb “and she gave birth to him after Absalom.” This does not imply they had the same mother; Absalom’s mother was Maacah, not Haggith (2 Sam 3:4).

[1:7]  ¹⁶⁷ tn Heb “his words were.”

[1:7]  ¹⁶⁸ tn Heb “helped after” (i.e., stood by).

[1:7]  ¹⁶⁹ tn Heb “Adonijah.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun (“him”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[1:8]  ¹⁷⁰ tn Or “bodyguard” (Heb “mighty men”).

[1:8]  ¹⁷¹ tn Heb “were not.”

[1:9]  ¹⁷² tc The ancient Greek version omits this appositional phrase.

[1:10]  ¹⁷³ tn Or “bodyguard” (Heb “mighty men”).

[1:11]  ¹⁷⁴ tn Heb “Have you not heard?”

[1:11]  ¹⁷⁵ tn Heb “and our master David does not know.”

[1:12]  ¹⁷⁶ tn Heb “now, come.” The imperative of הָלַךְ (halakh) is here used as an introductory interjection. See BDB 234 s.v. חָלַךְ.

[1:12]  ¹⁷⁷ tn Or “so that.”

[1:13]  ¹⁷⁸ tn Heb “come, go to.” The imperative of הָלַךְ (halakh) is here used as an introductory interjection. See BDB 234 s.v. חָלַךְ.

[1:13]  ¹⁷⁹ tn Or “swear an oath to.”

[1:14]  ¹⁸⁰ tn In the Hebrew text the sentence is introduced by the particle הִנֵּה (hinneh, “look”), which here draws attention to Nathan’s concluding word of assurance and support. For this use of the word, see HALOT 252 s.v. הִנֵּה.

[1:14]  ¹⁸¹ tc The Hebrew text reads, “I will come after you.”

[1:14]  ¹⁸² tn Heb “fill up [i.e., confirm] your words.”

[1:15]  ¹⁸³ tn Or “bedroom.”

[1:16]  ¹⁸⁴ tn Heb “bowed low and bowed down to.”

[1:18]  ¹⁸⁵ tc Instead of עַתָּה (’attah, “now”) many Hebrew mss, along with the Old Greek, Syriac Peshitta, and Latin Vulgate, have the similar sounding independent pronoun אַתָּה (’attah, “you”). This reading is followed in the present translation.

[1:18]  ¹⁸⁶ tn Heb “you do not know [about it].”

[1:20]  ¹⁸⁷ tc Many Hebrew mss have עַתָּה (’attah, “now”) rather than the similar sounding independent pronoun אַתָּה (’attah, “you”).

[1:20]  ¹⁸⁸ tn Heb “the eyes of all Israel are upon you to declare to them who will sit on the throne of my master the king after him.”

[1:21]  ¹⁸⁹ tn The words “if a decision is not made” are added for clarification.

[1:21]  ¹⁹⁰ tn Heb “lies down with his fathers.”

[1:21]  ¹⁹¹ tn Heb “I and my son Solomon.” The order has been reversed in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[1:21]  ¹⁹² tn Heb “will be guilty”; NASB “considered offenders”; TEV “treated as traitors.”

[1:22]  ¹⁹³ tn Heb “look.” The particle הִנֵּה (hinneh) here draws attention to Nathan’s arrival and invites the audience to view the scene through the eyes of the participants.

[1:23]  ¹⁹⁴ tn Heb “ground.” Since this was indoors, “floor” is more appropriate than “ground.”

[1:25]  ¹⁹⁵ tn Heb “look.”

[1:25]  ¹⁹⁶ tn Heb “eating and drinking.”

[1:25]  ¹⁹⁷ tn Heb “let the king, Adonijah, live!”

[1:27]  ¹⁹⁸ tc Many Hebrew mss and ancient textual witnesses agree with the Qere in reading this as singular, “your servant.”

[1:27]  ¹⁹⁹ tn Heb “From my master the king is this thing done, and you did not make known to your servants who will sit on the throne of my master the king after him?”

[1:2]  ²⁰⁰ sn The translation reflects the ancient Jewish tradition of substituting the word for “Lord” for the proper name for Israel’s God which is now generally agreed to have been Yahweh. Jewish scribes wrote the consonants YHWH but substituted the vowels for the word “Lord.” The practice of calling him “Lord” rather than using his proper name is also reflected in the Greek translation which is the oldest translation of the Hebrew Bible. The meaning of the name Yahweh occurs in Exod 3:13-14 where God identifies himself as the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob and tells Moses that his name is “I am” (אֶהְיֶה, ’ehyeh). However, he instructs the Israelites to refer to him as YHWH (“Yahweh” = “He is”); see further Exod 34:5-6.

[1:2]  ²⁰¹ tn Heb “to whom the word of the Lord came.” The present translation is more in keeping with contemporary English idiom. The idea of “began to speak” comes from the context where the conclusion of his speaking is signaled by the phrases “until the end of the eleventh year of Zedekiah” and “until the people of Jerusalem were taken into exile” in v. 3.

[1:3]  ²⁰² sn This would have been August, 586 b.c. according to modern reckoning.

[1:3]  ²⁰³ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[1:3]  ²⁰⁴ tn Heb “and it [the word of the Lord] came in the days of Jehoiakim…until the end of the eleventh year of Zedekiah…until the carrying away captive of Jerusalem in the fifth month.”