Acts 1:16

1:16 “Brothers, ¹  the scripture had to be fulfilled that the Holy Spirit foretold through ²  David concerning Judas – who became the guide for those who arrested Jesus –

Acts 4:12

4:12 And there is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given among people ³  by which we must ⁴  be saved.”

Acts 17:3

17:3 explaining and demonstrating ⁵  that the Christ ⁶  had to suffer and to rise from the dead, ⁷  saying, ⁸  “This Jesus I am proclaiming to you is the Christ.” ⁹ 

Acts 19:21

A Riot in Ephesus

19:21 Now after all these things had taken place, ¹⁰  Paul resolved ¹¹  to go to Jerusalem, ¹²  passing through Macedonia ¹³  and Achaia. ¹⁴  He said, ¹⁵  “After I have been there, I must also see Rome.” ¹⁶ 

Acts 20:35

20:35 By all these things, ¹⁷  I have shown you that by working in this way we must help ¹⁸  the weak, ¹⁹  and remember the words of the Lord Jesus that he himself said, ‘It is more blessed to give than to receive.’” ²⁰ 

Acts 23:11

23:11 The following night the Lord ²¹  stood near ²²  Paul ²³  and said, “Have courage, ²⁴  for just as you have testified about me in Jerusalem, ²⁵  so you must also testify in Rome.” ²⁶ 

Acts 25:10

25:10 Paul replied, ²⁷  “I am standing before Caesar’s ²⁸  judgment seat, ²⁹  where I should be tried. ³⁰  I have done nothing wrong ³¹  to the Jews, as you also know very well. ³² 

Acts 27:21

27:21 Since many of them had no desire to eat, ³³  Paul ³⁴  stood up ³⁵  among them and said, “Men, you should have listened to me ³⁶  and not put out to sea ³⁷  from Crete, thus avoiding ³⁸  this damage and loss.

[1:16]  ¹ tn Grk “Men brothers.” In light of the compound phrase ἄνδρες ἀδελφοί (andre" adelfoi, “Men brothers”) Peter’s words are best understood as directly addressed to the males present, possibly referring specifically to the twelve (really ten at this point – eleven minus the speaker, Peter) mentioned by name in v. 13.

[1:16]  ² tn Grk “foretold by the mouth of.”

[4:12]  ³ tn Here ἀνθρώποις (anqrwpoi") has been translated as a generic noun (“people”).

[4:12]  ⁴ sn Must be saved. The term used here (δεῖ, dei, “it is necessary”) reflects the necessity set up by God’s directive plan.

[17:3]  ⁵ tn BDAG 772 s.v. παρατίθημι 2.b has “demonstrate, point out” here.

[17:3]  ⁶ tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

[17:3]  ⁷ sn The Christ had to suffer and to rise from the dead. These two points (suffering and resurrection) would have been among the more controversial aspects of Paul’s messianic preaching. The term translated “had to” (δεῖ, dei) shows how divine design and scripture corresponded here.

[17:3]  ⁸ tn The Greek words used here (καὶ ὅτι, kai {oti, “and that”) mark the switch from indirect to direct discourse. Contemporary English requires the use of an introductory verb of speaking or saying to make this transition.

[17:3]  ⁹ tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

[19:21]  ⁷ tn Grk “all these things had been fulfilled.”

[19:21]  ⁸ tn Grk “Paul purposed in [his] spirit” (an idiom). According to BDAG 1003 s.v. τίθημι 1.b.ε the entire idiom means “to resolve” (or “decide”): “ἔθετο ὁ Παῦλος ἐν τῷ πνεύματι w. inf. foll. Paul resolved 19:21.”

[19:21]  ⁹ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[19:21]  ¹⁰ sn Macedonia was the Roman province of Macedonia in Greece.

[19:21]  ¹¹ sn Achaia was the Roman province of Achaia located across the Aegean Sea from Ephesus. Its principal city was Corinth.

[19:21]  ¹² tn Grk “Achaia, saying.” Because of the length of the Greek sentence and the awkwardness in English of having two participial clauses following one another (“passing through…saying”), the participle εἰπών (eipwn) has been translated as a finite verb and a new sentence begun here in the translation.

[19:21]  ¹³ sn This is the first time Paul mentions Rome. He realized the message of Christianity could impact that society even at its heights.

[20:35]  ⁹ sn The expression By all these things means “In everything I did.”

[20:35]  ¹⁰ tn Or “must assist.”

[20:35]  ¹¹ tn Or “the sick.” See Eph 4:28.

[20:35]  ¹² sn The saying is similar to Matt 10:8. Service and generosity should be abundant. Interestingly, these exact words are not found in the gospels. Paul must have known of this saying from some other source.

[23:11]  ¹¹ sn The presence of the Lord indicated the vindicating presence and direction of God.

[23:11]  ¹² tn Grk “standing near Paul, said.” The participle ἐπιστάς (epistas) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[23:11]  ¹³ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[23:11]  ¹⁴ tn Or “Do not be afraid.”

[23:11]  ¹⁵ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[23:11]  ¹⁶ sn Like Jesus went to Jerusalem, Paul would now go to Rome. This trip forms the concluding backdrop to Acts. This is the second notice about going to Rome (see Acts 19:21 for the first).

[25:10]  ¹³ tn Grk “said.”

[25:10]  ¹⁴ tn Or “before the emperor’s” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).

[25:10]  ¹⁵ tn Although BDAG 175 s.v. βῆμα 3 gives the meaning “tribunal” for this verse, and a number of modern translations use similar terms (“court,” NIV; “tribunal,” NRSV), since the bema was a standard feature in Greco-Roman cities of the time, there is no need for an alternative translation here. Here of course Paul’s reference to “Caesar’s judgment seat” is a form of metonymy; since Festus is Caesar’s representative, Festus’ judgment seat represents Caesar’s own.

[25:10]  ¹⁶ tn That is, tried by an imperial representative and subject to Roman law.

[25:10]  ¹⁷ sn “I have done nothing wrong.” Here is yet another declaration of total innocence on Paul’s part.

[25:10]  ¹⁸ tn BDAG 506 s.v. καλῶς 7 states, “comp. κάλλιον (for the superl., as Galen, Protr. 8 p. 24, 19J.=p. 10, 31 Kaibel; s. B-D-F §244, 2) ὡς καί σὺ κ. ἐπιγινώσκεις as also you know very well Ac 25:10.”

[27:21]  ¹⁵ tn Or “Since they had no desire to eat for a long time.” The genitive absolute construction with the participle ὑπαρχούσης (Juparcoush") has been translated as a causal adverbial participle. It could also be translated temporally (“When many of them had no desire to eat”). The translation of πολλῆς (pollhs) as a substantized adjective referring to the people on board the ship (“many of them”) rather than a period of time (“for a long time”; so most modern versions) follows BDAG 143 s.v. ἀσιτία, which has “πολλῆς ἀ. ὑπαρχούσης since almost nobody wanted to eat because of anxiety or seasickness…Ac 27:21.” This detail indicates how turbulent things were on board the ship.

[27:21]  ¹⁶ tn Here τότε (tote) is redundant (pleonastic) according to BDAG 1012-13 s.v. τότε 2; thus it has not been translated.

[27:21]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “standing up…said.” The participle σταθείς (staqeis) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[27:21]  ¹⁸ tn L&N 36.12 has “πειθαρχήσαντάς μοι μὴ ἀνάγεσθαι ἀπὸ τῆς Κρήτης ‘you should have listened to me and not have sailed from Crete’ Ac 27:21.”

[27:21]  ¹⁹ tn BDAG 62 s.v. ἀνάγω 4, “as a nautical t.t. (ἀ. τὴν ναῦν put a ship to sea), mid. or pass. ἀνάγεσθαι to begin to go by boat, put out to sea.”

[27:21]  ²⁰ tn The infinitive κερδῆσαι (kerdhsai) has been translated as resultative.