Acts 10:22

Context
10:22 They said, “Cornelius the centurion,¹ a righteous² and God-fearing man, well spoken of by the whole Jewish nation,³ was directed by a holy angel to summon you to his house and to hear a message⁴ from you.”

Acts 10:28

Context
10:28 He said to them, “You know that⁵ it is unlawful⁶ for a Jew⁷ to associate with or visit a Gentile,⁸ yet God has shown me that I should call no person⁹ defiled or ritually unclean.¹⁰

Acts 23:15

Context
23:15 So now you and the council¹¹ request the commanding officer¹² to bring him down to you, as if you were going to determine¹³ his case¹⁴ by conducting a more thorough inquiry.¹⁵ We are ready to kill him¹⁶ before he comes near this place.”¹⁷

Acts 27:12

Context
27:12 Because the harbor was not suitable to spend the winter in, the majority decided¹⁸ to put out to sea¹⁹ from there. They hoped that²⁰ somehow they could reach²¹ Phoenix,²² a harbor of Crete facing²³ southwest and northwest, and spend the winter there.

[10:22] ¹sn See the note on the word centurion in 10:1.

[10:22] ²tn Or “just.”

[10:22] ³tn The phrase τοῦ ἔθνους τῶν ᾿Ιουδαίων (tou eqnou" twn Ioudaiwn) is virtually a technical term for the Jewish nation (1 Macc 10:25; 11:30, 33; Josephus, Ant. 14.10.22 [14.248]). “All the Jewish people,” while another possible translation of the Greek phrase, does not convey the technical sense of a reference to the nation in English.

[10:22] ⁴tn Grk “hear words.”

[10:28] ⁵tn Here ὡς (Jws) is used like ὅτι (Joti) to introduce indirect discourse (cf. BDAG 1105 s.v. ὡς 5).

[10:28] ⁶tn This term is used of wanton or callously lawless acts (BDAG 24 s.v. ἀθέμιτος).

[10:28] ⁷tn Grk “a Jewish man” (ἀνδρὶ ᾿Ιουδαίῳ, andri Ioudaiw).

[10:28] ⁸tn Grk “a foreigner,” but in this context, “a non-Jew,” that is, a Gentile. This term speaks of intimate association (BDAG 556 s.v. κολλάω 2.b.α). On this Jewish view, see John 18:28, where a visit to a Gentile residence makes a Jewish person unclean.

[10:28] ⁹tn This is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo").

[10:28] ¹⁰tn Possibly there is a subtle distinction in meaning between κοινός (koinos) and ἀκάθαρτος (akaqartos) here, but according to L&N 53.39 it is difficult to determine precise differences in meaning based on existing contexts.

[23:15] ⁹tn Grk “the Sanhedrin” (the Sanhedrin was the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews).

[23:15] ¹⁰tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). See note on the term “commanding officer” in v. 10.

[23:15] ¹¹tn Or “decide.” BDAG 227 s.v. διαγινώσκω has “ἀκριβέστερον τὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ to make a more thorough examination of his case Ac 23:15.”

[23:15] ¹²tn Grk “determine the things about him.”

[23:15] ¹³tn The expression “more thorough inquiry” reflects the comparative form of ἀκριβέστερον (akribesteron).

[23:15] ¹⁴sn “We are ready to kill him.” Now those Jews involved in the conspiracy, along with the leaders as accomplices, are going to break one of the ten commandments.

[23:15] ¹⁵tn The words “this place” are not in the Greek text, but are implied.

[27:12] ¹³tn BDAG 181-82 s.v. βουλή 2.a, “β. τίθεσθαι (Judg 19:30; Ps 12:3) decide 27:12 (w. inf. foll.).”

[27:12] ¹⁴tn BDAG 62 s.v. ἀνάγω 4, “as a nautical t.t. (ἀ. τὴν ναῦν put a ship to sea), mid. or pass. ἀνάγεσθαι to begin to go by boat, put out to sea.”

[27:12] ¹⁵tn Grk “from there, if somehow” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was begun here in the translation and the introductory phrase “They hoped that” supplied (with the subject, “they,” repeated from the previous clause) to make a complete English sentence.

[27:12] ¹⁶tn Grk “if somehow, reaching Phoenix, they could…” The participle καταντήσαντες (katanthsante") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[27:12] ¹⁷sn Phoenix was a seaport on the southern coast of the island of Crete. This was about 30 mi (48 km) further west.

[27:12] ¹⁸tn Or “a harbor of Crete open to the southwest and northwest.”