Acts 13:20

13:20 All this took ¹  about four hundred fifty years. After this ²  he gave them judges until the time of ³  Samuel the prophet.

Acts 10:42

10:42 He ⁴  commanded us to preach to the people and to warn ⁵  them ⁶  that he is the one ⁷  appointed ⁸  by God as judge ⁹  of the living and the dead.

Acts 18:15

18:15 but since it concerns points of disagreement ¹⁰  about words and names and your own law, settle ¹¹  it yourselves. I will not be ¹²  a judge of these things!”

Acts 24:10

Paul’s Defense Before Felix

24:10 When the governor gestured for him to speak, Paul replied, “Because I know ¹³  that you have been a judge over this nation for many years, I confidently make my defense. ¹⁴ 

[13:20]  ¹ tn The words “all this took” are not in the Greek text, but are supplied to make a complete statement in English. There is debate over where this period of 450 years fits and what it includes: (1) It could include the years in Egypt, the conquest of Canaan, and the distribution of the land; (2) some connect it with the following period of the judges. This latter approach seems to conflict with 1 Kgs 6:1; see also Josephus, Ant. 8.3.1 (8.61).

[13:20]  ² tn Grk “And after these things.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[13:20]  ³ tn The words “the time of” are not in the Greek text, but are implied.

[10:42]  ⁴ tn Grk “and he.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[10:42]  ⁵ tn The verb διαμαρτύρομαι (diamarturomai) can mean “warn,” and such a meaning is highly probable in this context where a reference to the judgment of both the living and the dead is present. The more general meaning “to testify solemnly” does not capture this nuance.

[10:42]  ⁶ tn The word “them” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context, but must be supplied for the modern English reader.

[10:42]  ⁷ tn Grk “that this one is the one,” but this is awkward in English and has been simplified to “that he is the one.”

[10:42]  ⁸ tn Or “designated.” BDAG 723 s.v. ὁρίζω 2.b has “the one appointed by God as judge” for this phrase.

[10:42]  ⁹ sn Jesus has divine authority as judge over the living and the dead: Acts 17:26-31; Rom 14:9; 1 Thess 5:9-10; 1 Tim 4:1; 1 Pet 4:5.

[18:15]  ⁷ tn Or “dispute.”

[18:15]  ⁸ tn Grk “see to it” (an idiom).

[18:15]  ⁹ tn Or “I am not willing to be.” Gallio would not adjudicate their religious dispute.

[24:10]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “knowing.” The participle ἐπιστάμενος (epistamenos) has been translated as a causal adverbial participle.

[24:10]  ¹¹ sn “Because…defense.” Paul also paid an indirect compliment to the governor, implying that he would be fair in his judgment.