Acts 2:23-24

2:23 this man, who was handed over by the predetermined plan and foreknowledge of God, you executed ¹  by nailing him to a cross at the hands of Gentiles. ²  2:24 But God raised him up, ³  having released ⁴  him from the pains ⁵  of death, because it was not possible for him to be held in its power. ⁶ 

Acts 3:14-15

3:14 But you rejected ⁷  the Holy and Righteous One and asked that a man who was a murderer be released to you. 3:15 You killed ⁸  the Originator ⁹  of life, whom God raised ¹⁰  from the dead. To this fact we are witnesses! ¹¹ 

Acts 4:10

4:10 let it be known to all of you and to all the people of Israel that by the name of Jesus Christ ¹²  the Nazarene whom you crucified, whom God raised from the dead, this man stands before you healthy.

Acts 5:30

5:30 The God of our forefathers ¹³  raised up Jesus, whom you seized and killed by hanging him on a tree. ¹⁴ 

Acts 7:52

7:52 Which of the prophets did your ancestors ¹⁵  not persecute? ¹⁶  They ¹⁷  killed those who foretold long ago the coming of the Righteous One, ¹⁸  whose betrayers and murderers you have now become! ¹⁹ 

Acts 13:27-29

13:27 For the people who live in Jerusalem and their rulers did not recognize ²⁰  him, ²¹  and they fulfilled the sayings ²²  of the prophets that are read every Sabbath by condemning ²³  him. ²⁴  13:28 Though ²⁵  they found ²⁶  no basis ²⁷  for a death sentence, ²⁸  they asked Pilate to have him executed. 13:29 When they had accomplished ²⁹  everything that was written ³⁰  about him, they took him down ³¹  from the cross ³²  and placed him ³³  in a tomb.

Galatians 3:13

3:13 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming ³⁴  a curse for us (because it is written, “Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree”) ³⁵ 

Galatians 3:1

Justification by Law or by Faith?

3:1 You ³⁶  foolish Galatians! Who has cast a spell ³⁷  on you? Before your eyes Jesus Christ was vividly portrayed ³⁸  as crucified!

Galatians 2:1

Confirmation from the Jerusalem Apostles

2:1 Then after fourteen years I went up to Jerusalem ³⁹  again with Barnabas, taking Titus along too.

[2:23]  ¹ tn Or “you killed.”

[2:23]  ² tn Grk “at the hands of lawless men.” At this point the term ἄνομος (anomo") refers to non-Jews who live outside the Jewish (Mosaic) law, rather than people who broke any or all laws including secular laws. Specifically it is a reference to the Roman soldiers who carried out Jesus’ crucifixion.

[2:24]  ³ tn Grk “Whom God raised up.”

[2:24]  ⁴ tn Or “having freed.”

[2:24]  ⁵ sn The term translated pains is frequently used to describe pains associated with giving birth (see Rev 12:2). So there is irony here in the mixed metaphor.

[2:24]  ⁶ tn Or “for him to be held by it” (in either case, “it” refers to death’s power).

[3:14]  ⁷ tn Or “denied,” “disowned.”

[3:15]  ⁸ tn Or “You put to death.”

[3:15]  ⁹ tn Or “Founder,” “founding Leader.”

[3:15]  ¹⁰ sn Whom God raised. God is the main actor here, as he testifies to Jesus and vindicates him.

[3:15]  ¹¹ tn Grk “whom God raised from the dead, of which we are witnesses.” The two consecutive relative clauses make for awkward English style, so the second was begun as a new sentence with the words “to this fact” supplied in place of the Greek relative pronoun to make a complete sentence in English.

[4:10]  ¹² tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

[5:30]  ¹³ tn Or “ancestors”; Grk “fathers.”

[5:30]  ¹⁴ tn Or “by crucifying him” (“hang on a tree” is by the time of the first century an idiom for crucifixion). The allusion is to the judgment against Jesus as a rebellious figure, appealing to the language of Deut 21:23. The Jewish leadership has badly “misjudged” Jesus.

[7:52]  ¹⁵ tn Or “forefathers”; Grk “fathers.”

[7:52]  ¹⁶ sn Which…persecute. The rhetorical question suggests they persecuted them all.

[7:52]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “And they.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[7:52]  ¹⁸ sn The Righteous One is a reference to Jesus Christ.

[7:52]  ¹⁹ sn Whose betrayers and murderers you have now become. The harsh critique has OT precedent (1 Kgs 19:10-14; Neh 9:26; 2 Chr 36:16).

[13:27]  ²⁰ tn BDAG 12-13 s.v. ἀγνοέω 1.b gives “not to know w. acc. of pers.” as the meaning here, but “recognize” is a better translation in this context because recognition of the true identity of the one they condemned is the issue. See Acts 2:22-24; 4:26-28.

[13:27]  ²¹ tn Grk “this one.”

[13:27]  ²² tn Usually φωνή (fwnh) means “voice,” but BDAG 1071-72 s.v. φωνή 2.c has “Also of sayings in scripture…Ac 13:27.”

[13:27]  ²³ tn The participle κρίναντες (krinante") is instrumental here.

[13:27]  ²⁴ tn The word “him” is not in the Greek text but is implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context, but must be supplied for the modern English reader.

[13:28]  ²⁵ tn Grk “And though.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[13:28]  ²⁶ tn The participle εὑρόντες (Jeuronte") has been translated as a concessive adverbial participle.

[13:28]  ²⁷ sn No basis. Luke insists on Jesus’ innocence again and again in Luke 23:1-25.

[13:28]  ²⁸ tn Grk “no basis for death,” but in this context a sentence of death is clearly indicated.

[13:29]  ²⁹ tn Or “carried out.”

[13:29]  ³⁰ sn That is, everything that was written in OT scripture.

[13:29]  ³¹ tn Grk “taking him down from the cross, they placed him.” The participle καθελόντες (kaqelonte") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[13:29]  ³² tn Grk “tree,” but frequently figurative for a cross. The allusion is to Deut 21:23. See Acts 5:30; 10:39.

[13:29]  ³³ tn The word “him” is not in the Greek text but is implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context, but must be supplied for the modern English reader.

[3:13]  ³⁴ tn Grk “having become”; the participle γενόμενος (genomenos) has been taken instrumentally.

[3:13]  ³⁵ sn A quotation from Deut 21:23. By figurative extension the Greek word translated tree (ζύλον, zulon) can also be used to refer to a cross (L&N 6.28), the Roman instrument of execution.

[3:1]  ³⁶ tn Grk “O” (an interjection used both in address and emotion). In context the following section is highly charged emotionally.

[3:1]  ³⁷ tn Or “deceived”; the verb βασκαίνω (baskainw) can be understood literally here in the sense of bewitching by black magic, but could also be understood figuratively to refer to an act of deception (see L&N 53.98 and 88.159).

[3:1]  ³⁸ tn Or “publicly placarded,” “set forth in a public proclamation” (BDAG 867 s.v. προγράφω 2).

[2:1]  ³⁹ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.