Daniel 1:4

1:4 young men in whom there was no physical defect and who were handsome, ¹  well versed in all kinds of wisdom, well educated ²  and having keen insight, ³  and who were capable ⁴  of entering the king’s royal service ⁵  – and to teach them the literature and language ⁶  of the Babylonians. ⁷ 

Daniel 8:7

8:7 I saw it approaching the ram. It went into a fit of rage against the ram ⁸  and struck it ⁹  and broke off its two horns. The ram had no ability to resist it. ¹⁰  The goat hurled the ram ¹¹  to the ground and trampled it. No one could deliver the ram from its power. ¹² 

[1:4]  ¹ tn Heb “good of appearance.”

[1:4]  ² tn Heb “knowers of knowledge.”

[1:4]  ³ tn Heb “understanders of knowledge.”

[1:4]  ⁴ tn Heb “who had strength.”

[1:4]  ⁵ tn Heb “to stand in the palace of the king.” Cf. vv. 5, 19.

[1:4]  ⁶ sn The language of the Chaldeans referred to here is Akkadian, an East Semitic cuneiform language.

[1:4]  ⁷ tn Heb “Chaldeans” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NRSV). This is an ancient name for the Babylonians.

[8:7]  ⁸ tn Heb “him.”

[8:7]  ⁹ tn Heb “the ram.”

[8:7]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “stand before him.”

[8:7]  ¹¹ tn Heb “he hurled him.” The referents of both pronouns (the male goat and the ram) have been specified in the translation for clarity.

[8:7]  ¹² sn The goat of Daniel’s vision represents Greece; the large horn represents Alexander the Great. The ram stands for Media-Persia. Alexander’s rapid conquest of the Persians involved three battles of major significance which he won against overwhelming odds: Granicus (334 B.C.), Isus (333 B.C.), and Gaugemela (331 B.C.).