Galatians 1:1

Salutation

1:1 From Paul, ¹  an apostle (not from men, nor by human agency, but by Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised him from the dead)

Galatians 1:13

1:13 For you have heard of my former way of life ²  in Judaism, how I was savagely persecuting the church of God and trying to destroy it.

Galatians 4:9

4:9 But now that you have come to know God (or rather to be known by God), how can you turn back again to the weak and worthless ³  basic forces? ⁴  Do you want to be enslaved to them all over again? ⁵ 

Galatians 4:14

4:14 and though my physical condition put you to the test, you did not despise or reject me. ⁶  Instead, you welcomed me as though I were an angel of God, ⁷  as though I were Christ Jesus himself! ⁸ 

Galatians 5:21

5:21 envying, ⁹  murder, ¹⁰  drunkenness, carousing, ¹¹  and similar things. I am warning you, as I had warned you before: Those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God!

[1:1]  ¹ tn Grk “Paul.” The word “from” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of the letter.

[1:13]  ² tn Or “lifestyle,” “behavior.”

[4:9]  ³ tn Or “useless.” See L&N 65.16.

[4:9]  ⁴ tn See the note on the phrase “basic forces” in 4:3.

[4:9]  ⁵ tn Grk “basic forces, to which you want to be enslaved…” Verse 9 is a single sentence in the Greek text, but has been divided into two in the translation because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence.

[4:14]  ⁴ tn Grk “your trial in my flesh you did not despise or reject.”

[4:14]  ⁵ tn Or “the angel of God.” Linguistically, “angel of God” is the same in both testaments (and thus, he is either “an angel of God” or “the angel of God” in both testaments). For arguments and implications, see ExSyn 252; M. J. Davidson, “Angels,” DJG, 9; W. G. MacDonald argues for “an angel” in both testaments: “Christology and ‘The Angel of the Lord’,” Current Issues in Biblical and Patristic Interpretation, 324-35.

[4:14]  ⁶ tn Grk “as an angel of God…as Christ Jesus.” This could be understood to mean either “you welcomed me like an angel of God would,” or “you welcomed me as though I were an angel of God.” In context only the second is accurate, so the translation has been phrased to indicate this.

[5:21]  ⁵ tn This term is plural in Greek (as is “murder” and “carousing”), but for clarity these abstract nouns have been translated as singular.

[5:21]  ⁶ tc ‡ φόνοι (fonoi, “murders”) is absent in such important mss as Ì⁴⁶ א B 33 81 323 945 pc sa, while the majority of mss (A C D F G Ψ 0122 0278 1739 1881 Ï lat) have the word. Although the pedigree of the mss which lack the term is of the highest degree, homoioteleuton may well explain the shorter reading. The preceding word has merely one letter difference, making it quite possible to overlook this term (φθόνοι φόνοι, fqonoi fonoi).

[5:21]  ⁷ tn Or “revelings,” “orgies” (L&N 88.287).