Galatians 1:1

Salutation

1:1 From Paul, ¹  an apostle (not from men, nor by human agency, but by Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised him from the dead)

Galatians 1:7

1:7 not that there really is another gospel, ²  but ³  there are some who are disturbing you and wanting ⁴  to distort the gospel of Christ.

Galatians 1:13

1:13 For you have heard of my former way of life ⁵  in Judaism, how I was savagely persecuting the church of God and trying to destroy it.

Galatians 2:12

2:12 Until ⁶  certain people came from James, he had been eating with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he stopped doing this ⁷  and separated himself ⁸  because he was afraid of those who were pro-circumcision. ⁹ 

Galatians 3:13

3:13 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming ¹⁰  a curse for us (because it is written, “Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree”) ¹¹ 

Galatians 4:4

4:4 But when the appropriate time ¹²  had come, God sent out his Son, born of a woman, born under the law,

Galatians 4:6

4:6 And because you are sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, who calls ¹³  “Abba! ¹⁴  Father!”

Galatians 6:12

6:12 Those who want to make a good showing in external matters ¹⁵  are trying to force you to be circumcised. They do so ¹⁶  only to avoid being persecuted ¹⁷  for the cross of Christ.

Galatians 6:14

6:14 But may I never boast except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, through which ¹⁸  the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world.

[1:1]  ¹ tn Grk “Paul.” The word “from” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of the letter.

[1:7]  ² tn Grk “which is not another,” but this could be misunderstood to mean “which is not really different.” In fact, as Paul goes on to make clear, there is no other gospel than the one he preaches.

[1:7]  ³ tn Grk “except.”

[1:7]  ⁴ tn Or “trying.”

[1:13]  ³ tn Or “lifestyle,” “behavior.”

[2:12]  ⁴ tn The conjunction γάρ has not been translated here.

[2:12]  ⁵ tn Grk “he drew back.” If ἑαυτόν (Jeauton) goes with both ὑπέστελλεν (Jupestellen) and ἀφώριζεν (afwrizen) rather than only the latter, the meaning would be “he drew himself back” (see BDAG 1041 s.v. ὑποστέλλω 1.a).

[2:12]  ⁶ tn Or “and held himself aloof.”

[2:12]  ⁷ tn Grk “the [ones] of the circumcision,” that is, the group of Jewish Christians who insisted on circumcision of Gentiles before they could become Christians.

[3:13]  ⁵ tn Grk “having become”; the participle γενόμενος (genomenos) has been taken instrumentally.

[3:13]  ⁶ sn A quotation from Deut 21:23. By figurative extension the Greek word translated tree (ζύλον, zulon) can also be used to refer to a cross (L&N 6.28), the Roman instrument of execution.

[4:4]  ⁶ tn Grk “the fullness of time” (an idiom for the totality of a period of time, with the implication of proper completion; see L&N 67.69).

[4:6]  ⁷ tn Grk “calling.” The participle is neuter indicating that the Spirit is the one who calls.

[4:6]  ⁸ tn The term “Abba” is the Greek transliteration of the Aramaic אַבָּא (’abba’), literally meaning “my father” but taken over simply as “father,” used in prayer and in the family circle, and later taken over by the early Greek-speaking Christians (BDAG 1 s.v. ἀββα).

[6:12]  ⁸ tn Grk “in the flesh.” L&N 88.236 translates the phrase “those who force you to be circumcised are those who wish to make a good showing in external matters.”

[6:12]  ⁹ tn Grk “to be circumcised, only.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started with the words “They do so,” which were supplied to make a complete English sentence.

[6:12]  ¹⁰ tc ‡ Grk “so that they will not be persecuted.” The indicative after ἵνα μή (Jina mh) is unusual (though not unexampled elsewhere in the NT), making it the harder reading. The evidence is fairly evenly split between the indicative διώκονται (diwkontai; Ì⁴⁶ A C F G K L P 0278 6 81 104 326 629 1175 1505 pm) and the subjunctive διώκωνται (diwkwntai; א B D Ψ 33 365 1739 pm), with a slight preference for the subjunctive. However, since scribes would tend to change the indicative to a subjunctive due to syntactical requirements, the internal evidence is decidedly on the side of the indicative, suggesting that it is original.

[6:14]  ⁹ tn Or perhaps, “through whom,” referring to the Lord Jesus Christ rather than the cross.