Galatians 1:11

Paul’s Vindication of His Apostleship

1:11 Now ¹  I want you to know, brothers and sisters, ²  that the gospel I preached is not of human origin. ³ 

Galatians 2:11

Paul Rebukes Peter

2:11 But when Cephas ⁴  came to Antioch, ⁵  I opposed him to his face, because he had clearly done wrong. ⁶ 

Galatians 3:15

Inheritance Comes from Promises and not Law

3:15 Brothers and sisters, ⁷  I offer an example from everyday life: ⁸  When a covenant ⁹  has been ratified, ¹⁰  even though it is only a human contract, no one can set it aside or add anything to it.

Galatians 4:23

4:23 But one, the son by the slave woman, was born by natural descent, ¹¹  while the other, the son by the free woman, was born through the promise.

[1:11]  ¹ tc ‡ The conjunction δέ (de) is found in Ì⁴⁶ א*^,2 A D¹ Ψ 1739 1881 Ï sy bo, while γάρ (gar) is the conjunction of choice in א¹ B D*^,c F G 33 pc lat sa. There are thus good representatives on each side. Scribes generally tended to prefer γάρ in such instances, most likely because it was more forceful and explicit. γάρ is thus seen as a motivated reading. For this reason, δέ is preferred.

[1:11]  ² tn Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” as here (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [adelfoi] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited).

[1:11]  ³ tn Grk “is not according to man.”

[2:11]  ⁴ sn Cephas. This individual is generally identified with the Apostle Peter (L&N 93.211).

[2:11]  ⁵ map For location see JP1 F2; JP2 F2; JP3 F2; JP4 F2.

[2:11]  ⁶ tn Grk “because he stood condemned.”

[3:15]  ⁷ tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:11.

[3:15]  ⁸ tn Grk “I speak according to man,” referring to the illustration that follows.

[3:15]  ⁹ tn The same Greek word, διαθήκη (diaqhkh), can mean either “covenant” or “will,” but in this context the former is preferred here because Paul is discussing in vv. 16-18 the Abrahamic covenant.

[3:15]  ¹⁰ tn Or “has been put into effect.”

[4:23]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “born according to the flesh”; BDAG 916 s.v. σάρξ 4 has “Of natural descent τὰ τέκνα τῆς σαρκός children by natural descent Ro 9:8 (opp. τὰ τέκνα τῆς ἐπαγγελίας). ὁ μὲν ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης κατὰ σάρκα γεγέννηται Gal 4:23; cp. vs. 29.”