Galatians 1:12

1:12 For I did not receive it or learn it from any human source; ¹  instead I received it ²  by a revelation of Jesus Christ. ³ 

Galatians 4:2

4:2 But he is under guardians ⁴  and managers until the date set by his ⁵  father.

Galatians 4:7-8

4:7 So you are no longer a slave but a son, and if you are ⁶  a son, then you are also an heir through God. ⁷ 

Heirs of Promise Are Not to Return to Law

4:8 Formerly when you did not know God, you were enslaved to beings that by nature are not gods at all. ⁸ 

Galatians 4:17

4:17 They court you eagerly, ⁹  but for no good purpose; ¹⁰  they want to exclude you, so that you would seek them eagerly. ¹¹ 

Galatians 4:31

4:31 Therefore, brothers and sisters, ¹²  we are not children of the slave woman but of the free woman.

Galatians 6:15

6:15 For ¹³  neither circumcision nor uncircumcision counts for ¹⁴  anything; the only thing that matters is a new creation! ¹⁵ 

[1:12]  ¹ tn Or “I did not receive it from a human source, nor was I taught it.”

[1:12]  ² tn The words “I received it” are not in the Greek text but are implied.

[1:12]  ³ tn It is difficult to determine what kind of genitive ᾿Ιησοῦ Χριστοῦ (Ihsou Cristou) is. If it is a subjective genitive, the meaning is “a revelation from Jesus Christ” but if objective genitive, it is “a revelation about Jesus Christ.” Most likely this is objective since the explanation in vv. 15-16 mentions God revealing the Son to Paul so that he might preach, although the idea of a direct revelation to Paul at some point cannot be ruled out.

[4:2]  ⁴ tn The Greek term translated “guardians” here is ἐπίτροπος (epitropo"), whose semantic domain overlaps with that of παιδαγωγός (paidagwgo") according to L&N 36.5.

[4:2]  ⁵ tn Grk “the,” but the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun (ExSyn 215).

[4:7]  ⁷ tn Grk “and if a son, then also an heir.” The words “you are” have been supplied twice to clarify the statement.

[4:7]  ⁸ tc The unusual expression διὰ θεοῦ (dia qeou, “through God”) certainly prompted scribes to alter it to more customary or theologically acceptable ones such as διὰ θεόν (dia qeon, “because of God”; F G 1881 pc), διὰ Χριστοῦ (dia Cristou, “through Christ”; 81 630 pc sa), διὰ ᾿Ιησοῦ Χριστοῦ (dia Ihsou Cristou, “through Jesus Christ”; 1739^c), θεοῦ διὰ Χριστοῦ (“[an heir] of God through Christ”; א² C³ D [P] 0278 [6 326 1505] Ï ar sy), or κληρονόμος μὲν θεοῦ, συγκληρονόμος δὲ Χριστοῦ (klhronomo" men qeou, sugklhronomo" de Cristou, “an heir of God, and fellow-heir with Christ”; Ψ pc [cf. Rom 8:17]). Although it is unusual for Paul to speak of God as an intermediate agent, it is not unprecedented (cf. Gal 1:1; 1 Cor 1:9). Nevertheless, Gal 4:7 is the most direct statement to this effect. Further testimony on behalf of διὰ θεοῦ is to be found in external evidence: The witnesses with this phrase are among the most important in the NT (Ì⁴⁶ א* A B C* 33 1739*^vid lat bo Cl).

[4:8]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “those that by nature…” with the word “beings” implied. BDAG 1070 s.v. φύσις 2 sees this as referring to pagan worship: “Polytheists worship…beings that are by nature no gods at all Gal 4:8.”

[4:17]  ¹³ tn Or “They are zealous for you.”

[4:17]  ¹⁴ tn Or “but not commendably” (BDAG 505 s.v. καλῶς 2).

[4:17]  ¹⁵ tn Or “so that you would be zealous.”

[4:31]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:11.

[6:15]  ¹⁹ tc The phrase “in Christ Jesus” is found after “For” in some mss (א A C D F G 0278 1881 Ï lat bo), but lacking in Ì⁴⁶ B Ψ 33 1175 1505 1739* and several fathers. The longer reading probably represents a harmonization to Gal 5:6.

[6:15]  ²⁰ tn Grk “is.”

[6:15]  ²¹ tn Grk “but a new creation”; the words “the only thing that matters” have been supplied to reflect the implied contrast with the previous clause (see also Gal 5:6).