Galatians 1:8-9

1:8 But even if we (or an angel from heaven) should preach ¹  a gospel contrary to the one we preached to you, ²  let him be condemned to hell! ³  1:9 As we have said before, and now I say again, if any one is preaching to you a gospel contrary to what you received, let him be condemned to hell! ⁴ 

Galatians 1:11

Paul’s Vindication of His Apostleship

1:11 Now ⁵  I want you to know, brothers and sisters, ⁶  that the gospel I preached is not of human origin. ⁷ 

Galatians 1:23

1:23 They were only hearing, “The one who once persecuted us is now proclaiming the good news ⁸  of the faith he once tried to destroy.”

Galatians 2:11

Paul Rebukes Peter

2:11 But when Cephas ⁹  came to Antioch, ¹⁰  I opposed him to his face, because he had clearly done wrong. ¹¹ 

Galatians 3:12

3:12 But the law is not based on faith, ¹²  but the one who does the works of the law ¹³  will live by them. ¹⁴ 

Galatians 5:3

5:3 And I testify again to every man who lets himself be circumcised that he is obligated to obey ¹⁵  the whole law.

Galatians 5:22

5:22 But the fruit of the Spirit ¹⁶  is love, ¹⁷  joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, ¹⁸ 

[1:8]  ¹ tc ‡ Most witnesses have ὑμῖν (Jumin, “to you”) either after (א² A [D* ὑμᾶς] 6 33 326 614 945 1881 Ï Tert^pt Ambst) or before (Ì^51vid B H 0278 630 1175 [1739* ἡμῖν]) εὐαγγελίζηται (euaggelizhtai, “should preach” [or some variation on the form of this verb]). But the fact that it floats suggests its inauthenticity, especially since it appears to be a motivated reading for purposes of clarification. The following witnesses lack the pronoun: א* F G Ψ ar b g Cyp Mcion^T Tert^pt Lcf. The external evidence admittedly is not as weighty as evidence for the pronoun, but coupled with strong internal evidence the shorter reading should be considered original. Although it is possible that scribes may have deleted the pronoun to make Paul’s statement seem more universal, the fact that the pronoun floats suggests otherwise. NA²⁷ has the pronoun in brackets, indicating doubt as to its authenticity.

[1:8]  ² tn Or “other than the one we preached to you.”

[1:8]  ³ tn Grk “let him be accursed” (ἀνάθεμα, anaqema). The translation gives the outcome which is implied by this dreadful curse.

[1:9]  ⁴ tn See the note on this phrase in the previous verse.

[1:11]  ⁷ tc ‡ The conjunction δέ (de) is found in Ì⁴⁶ א*^,2 A D¹ Ψ 1739 1881 Ï sy bo, while γάρ (gar) is the conjunction of choice in א¹ B D*^,c F G 33 pc lat sa. There are thus good representatives on each side. Scribes generally tended to prefer γάρ in such instances, most likely because it was more forceful and explicit. γάρ is thus seen as a motivated reading. For this reason, δέ is preferred.

[1:11]  ⁸ tn Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” as here (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [adelfoi] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited).

[1:11]  ⁹ tn Grk “is not according to man.”

[1:23]  ¹⁰ tn The Greek verb here is εὐαγγελίζεται (euangelizetai).

[2:11]  ¹³ sn Cephas. This individual is generally identified with the Apostle Peter (L&N 93.211).

[2:11]  ¹⁴ map For location see JP1 F2; JP2 F2; JP3 F2; JP4 F2.

[2:11]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “because he stood condemned.”

[3:12]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “is not from faith.”

[3:12]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “who does these things”; the referent (the works of the law, see 3:5) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[3:12]  ¹⁸ sn A quotation from Lev 18:5. The phrase the works of the law is an editorial expansion on the Greek text (see previous note); it has been left as normal typeface to indicate it is not part of the OT text.

[5:3]  ¹⁹ tn Or “keep”; or “carry out”; Grk “do.”

[5:22]  ²² tn That is, the fruit the Spirit produces.

[5:22]  ²³ sn Another way to punctuate this is “love” followed by a colon (love: joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control). It is thus possible to read the eight characteristics following “love” as defining love.

[5:22]  ²⁴ tn Or “reliability”; see BDAG 818 s.v. πίστις 1.a.