Genesis 17:15-19

17:15 Then God said to Abraham, “As for your wife, you must no longer call her Sarai; ¹  Sarah ²  will be her name. 17:16 I will bless her and will give you a son through her. I will bless her and she will become a mother of nations. ³  Kings of countries ⁴  will come from her!”

17:17 Then Abraham bowed down with his face to the ground and laughed ⁵  as he said to himself, ⁶  “Can ⁷  a son be born to a man who is a hundred years old? ⁸  Can Sarah ⁹  bear a child at the age of ninety?” ¹⁰  17:18 Abraham said to God, “O that ¹¹  Ishmael might live before you!” ¹² 

17:19 God said, “No, Sarah your wife is going to bear you a son, and you will name him Isaac. ¹³  I will confirm my covenant with him as a perpetual ¹⁴  covenant for his descendants after him.

[17:15]  ¹ tn Heb “[As for] Sarai your wife, you must not call her name Sarai, for Sarah [will be] her name.”

[17:15]  ² sn Sarah. The name change seems to be a dialectical variation, both spellings meaning “princess” or “queen.” Like the name Abram, the name Sarai symbolized the past. The new name Sarah, like the name Abraham, would be a reminder of what God intended to do for Sarah in the future.

[17:16]  ³ tn Heb “she will become nations.”

[17:16]  ⁴ tn Heb “peoples.”

[17:17]  ⁵ sn Laughed. The Hebrew verb used here provides the basis for the naming of Isaac: “And he laughed” is וַיִּצְחָק (vayyitskhaq); the name “Isaac” is יִצְחָק (yitskhaq), “he laughs.” Abraham’s (and Sarah’s, see 18:12) laughter signals disbelief, but when the boy is born, the laughter signals surprise and joy.

[17:17]  ⁶ tn Heb “And he fell on his face and laughed and said in his heart.”

[17:17]  ⁷ tn The imperfect verbal form here carries a potential nuance, as it expresses the disbelief of Abraham.

[17:17]  ⁸ tn Heb “to the son of a hundred years.”

[17:17]  ⁹ sn It is important to note that even though Abraham staggers at the announcement of the birth of a son, finding it almost too incredible, he nonetheless calls his wife Sarah, the new name given to remind him of the promise of God (v. 15).

[17:17]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “the daughter of ninety years.”

[17:18]  ¹¹ tn The wish is introduced with the Hebrew particle לוּ (lu), “O that.”

[17:18]  ¹² tn Or “live with your blessing.”

[17:19]  ¹³ tn Heb “will call his name Isaac.” The name means “he laughs,” or perhaps “may he laugh” (see the note on the word “laughed” in v. 17).

[17:19]  ¹⁴ tn Or “as an eternal.”