Hosea 1:3
Context1:3 So Hosea married 1 Gomer, the daughter of Diblaim. Then she conceived and gave birth to a son for him.
Hosea 4:9
Context4:9 I will deal with the people and priests together: 2
I will punish them both for their ways,
and I will repay them for their deeds.
Hosea 8:9
Context8:9 They have gone up to Assyria,
like a wild donkey that wanders off.
Ephraim has hired prostitutes as lovers. 3
Hosea 8:11
Context8:11 Although Ephraim has built many altars for sin offerings,
these have become altars for sinning!
Hosea 9:17
Context9:17 My God will reject them,
for they have not obeyed him;
so they will be fugitives among the nations.
Hosea 12:2
Context12:2 The Lord also has a covenant lawsuit 4 against Judah;
he will punish Jacob according to his ways
and repay him according to his deeds.
Hosea 12:14
Context12:14 But Ephraim bitterly 5 provoked him to anger;
so he will hold him accountable for the blood he has shed, 6
his Lord 7 will repay him for the contempt he has shown. 8
Hosea 14:6
Context14:6 His young shoots will grow;
his splendor will be like an olive tree,
his fragrance like a cedar of Lebanon.


[1:3] 1 tn Heb “so he went and took” (וַיֵּלֶךְ וַיִּקַּח, vayyelekh vayyiqqakh; so NAB, NRSV).
[4:9] 2 tn Heb “And it shall be, like people, like priest” (so ASV); NAB “The priests shall fare no better than the people.”
[8:9] 3 tn Or “has hired herself out to lovers”; cf. NIV “has sold herself to lovers.”
[12:2] 4 tn The noun רִיב (riv, “dispute”) is used in two contexts: (1) nonlegal contexts: (a) “dispute” between individuals (e.g., Gen 13:7; Isa 58:1; Jer 15:10) or (b) “brawl, quarrel” between people (e.g., Exod 17:7; Deut 25:1); and (2) legal contexts: (a) “lawsuit, legal process” (e.g., Exod 23:3-6; Deut 19:17; 21:5; Ezek 44:24; Ps 35:23), (b) “lawsuit, legal case” (e.g., Deut 1:12; 17:8; Prov 18:17; 25:9), and (c) God’s “lawsuit” on behalf of a person or against his own people (Hos 4:1; 12:3; Mic 6:2; HALOT 1225-26 s.v. רִיב). The term in Hosea refers to a covenant lawsuit in which Yahweh, the suzerain, lodges a legal case against his disobedient vassal, accusing Israel and Judah of breach of covenant which will elicit the covenant curses. Cf. NLT “is bringing a lawsuit.”
[12:14] 5 tn The noun תַּמְרוּרִים (tamrurim, “bitter things”) functions as an adverbial accusative of manner, modifying the finite verb: “He bitterly provoked Him to anger” (GKC 375 §118.q). The plural form of the noun functions as a plural of intensity: “very bitterly.” For the adverbial function of the accusative, see IBHS 172-73 §10.2.2e.
[12:14] 6 tn Heb “He will leave his blood upon him”; NIV “will leave upon him the guilt of his bloodshed.”
[12:14] 7 tn The Hebrew term translated “Lord” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).
[12:14] 8 tn Heb “for his contempt” (so NIV); NRSV “for his insults”; NAB “for his outrage.”