Isaiah 14:18

14:18 ¹ As for all the kings of the nations,

all of them ²  lie down in splendor, ³ 

each in his own tomb. ⁴ 

Isaiah 37:11

37:11 Certainly you have heard how the kings of Assyria have annihilated all lands. ⁵  Do you really think you will be rescued? ⁶ 

Isaiah 37:18

37:18 It is true, Lord, that the kings of Assyria have destroyed all the nations ⁷  and their lands.

Isaiah 1:1

Heading

1:1 Here is the message about Judah and Jerusalem ⁸  that was revealed to Isaiah son of Amoz during the time when Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah reigned over Judah. ⁹ 

Isaiah 14:9

14:9 Sheol ¹⁰  below is stirred up about you,

ready to meet you when you arrive.

It rouses ¹¹  the spirits of the dead for you,

all the former leaders of the earth; ¹² 

it makes all the former kings of the nations

rise from their thrones. ¹³ 

Isaiah 24:21

The Lord Will Become King

24:21 At that time ¹⁴  the Lord will punish ¹⁵ 

the heavenly forces in the heavens ¹⁶ 

and the earthly kings on the earth.

Isaiah 19:11

19:11 The officials of Zoan are nothing but fools; ¹⁷ 

Pharaoh’s wise advisers give stupid advice.

How dare you say to Pharaoh,

“I am one of the sages,

one well-versed in the writings of the ancient kings?” ¹⁸ 

[14:18]  ¹ sn It is unclear where the quotation of the kings, begun in v. 10b, ends. However, the reference to the “kings of the nations” in v. 18 (see also v. 9) seems to indicate that the quotation has ended at this point and that Israel’s direct taunt (cf. vv. 4b-10a) has resumed. In fact the references to the “kings of the nations” may form a stylistic inclusio or frame around the quotation.

[14:18]  ² tc The phrase “all of them” does not appear in the Qumran scroll 1QIsa^a.

[14:18]  ³ sn This refers to the typically extravagant burial of kings.

[14:18]  ⁴ tn Heb “house” (so KJV, ASV), but in this context a tomb is in view. Note the verb “lie down” in the preceding line and the reference to a “grave” in the next line.

[37:11]  ⁵ tn Heb “Look, you have heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all the lands, annihilating them.”

[37:11]  ⁶ tn Heb “and will you be rescued?” The rhetorical question expects the answer, “No, of course not!”

[37:18]  ⁹ tn The Hebrew text here has “all the lands,” but the parallel text in 2 Kgs 19:17 has “the nations.”

[1:1]  ¹³ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[1:1]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “The vision of Isaiah son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, [and] Hezekiah, kings of Judah.”

[14:9]  ¹⁷ sn Sheol is the proper name of the subterranean world which was regarded as the land of the dead.

[14:9]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “arousing.” The form is probably a Polel infinitive absolute, rather than a third masculine singular perfect, for Sheol is grammatically feminine (note “stirred up”). See GKC 466 §145.t.

[14:9]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “all the rams of the earth.” The animal epithet is used metaphorically here for leaders. See HALOT 903 s.v. *עַתּוּד.

[14:9]  ²⁰ tn Heb “lifting from their thrones all the kings of the nations.” הֵקִים (heqim, a Hiphil perfect third masculine singular) should be emended to an infinitive absolute (הָקֵים, haqem). See the note on “rouses” earlier in the verse.

[24:21]  ²¹ tn Or “in that day” (so KJV). The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.

[24:21]  ²² tn Heb “visit [in judgment].”

[24:21]  ²³ tn Heb “the host of the height in the height.” The “host of the height/heaven” refers to the heavenly luminaries (stars and planets, see, among others, Deut 4:19; 17:3; 2 Kgs 17:16; 21:3, 5; 23:4-5; 2 Chr 33:3, 5) that populate the divine/heavenly assembly in mythological and prescientific Israelite thought (see Job 38:7; Isa 14:13).

[19:11]  ²⁵ tn Or “certainly the officials of Zoan are fools.” אַךְ (’akh) can carry the sense, “only, nothing but,” or “certainly, surely.”

[19:11]  ²⁶ tn Heb “A son of wise men am I, a son of ancient kings.” The term בֶּן (ben, “son of”) could refer to literal descent, but many understand the word, at least in the first line, in its idiomatic sense of “member [of a guild].” See HALOT 138 s.v. בֶּן and J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (NICOT), 1:371. If this is the case, then one can take the word in a figurative sense in the second line as well, the “son of ancient kings” being one devoted to their memory as preserved in their literature.