Isaiah 28:2

28:2 Look, the sovereign master ¹  sends a strong, powerful one. ² 

With the force of a hailstorm or a destructive windstorm, ³ 

with the might of a driving, torrential rainstorm, ⁴ 

he will knock that crown ⁵  to the ground with his hand. ⁶ 

Isaiah 28:15

28:15 For you say,

“We have made a treaty with death,

with Sheol ⁷  we have made an agreement. ⁸ 

When the overwhelming judgment sweeps by ⁹ 

it will not reach us.

For we have made a lie our refuge,

we have hidden ourselves in a deceitful word.” ¹⁰ 

Isaiah 25:4

25:4 For you are a protector for the poor,

a protector for the needy in their distress,

a shelter from the rainstorm,

a shade from the heat.

Though the breath of tyrants ¹¹  is like a winter rainstorm, ¹² 

Isaiah 32:2

32:2 Each of them ¹³  will be like a shelter from the wind

and a refuge from a rainstorm;

like streams of water in a dry region

and like the shade of a large cliff in a parched land.

Isaiah 32:18-19

32:18 My people will live in peaceful settlements,

in secure homes,

and in safe, quiet places. ¹⁴ 

32:19 Even if the forest is destroyed ¹⁵ 

and the city is annihilated, ¹⁶ 

Exodus 9:18-19

9:18 I am going to cause very severe hail to rain down ¹⁷  about this time tomorrow, such hail as has never occurred ¹⁸  in Egypt from the day it was founded ¹⁹  until now. 9:19 So now, send instructions ²⁰  to gather ²¹  your livestock and all your possessions in the fields to a safe place. Every person ²²  or animal caught ²³  in the field and not brought into the house – the hail will come down on them, and they will die!”’”

Joshua 10:11

10:11 As they fled from Israel on the slope leading down from ²⁴  Beth Horon, the Lord threw down on them large hailstones from the sky, ²⁵  all the way to Azekah. They died – in fact, more died from the hailstones than the Israelites killed with the sword.

Jeremiah 7:4-8

7:4 Stop putting your confidence in the false belief that says, ²⁶  “We are safe! ²⁷  The temple of the Lord is here! The temple of the Lord is here! The temple of the Lord is here!” ²⁸  7:5 You must change ²⁹  the way you have been living and do what is right. You must treat one another fairly. ³⁰  7:6 Stop oppressing foreigners who live in your land, children who have lost their fathers, and women who have lost their husbands. ³¹  Stop killing innocent people ³²  in this land. Stop paying allegiance to ³³  other gods. That will only bring about your ruin. ³⁴  7:7 If you stop doing these things, ³⁵  I will allow you to continue to live in this land ³⁶  which I gave to your ancestors as a lasting possession. ³⁷ 

7:8 “‘But just look at you! ³⁸  You are putting your confidence in a false belief ³⁹  that will not deliver you. ⁴⁰ 

Jeremiah 7:14

7:14 So I will destroy this temple which I have claimed as my own, ⁴¹  this temple that you are trusting to protect you. I will destroy this place that I gave to you and your ancestors, ⁴²  just like I destroyed Shiloh. ⁴³ 

Jeremiah 7:20

7:20 So,” the Lord God ⁴⁴  says, “my raging fury will be poured out on this land. ⁴⁵  It will be poured out on human beings and animals, on trees and crops. ⁴⁶  And it will burn like a fire which cannot be extinguished.”

Jeremiah 23:19

23:19 But just watch! ⁴⁷  The wrath of the Lord

will come like a storm! ⁴⁸ 

Like a raging storm it will rage down ⁴⁹ 

on the heads of those who are wicked.

Jeremiah 30:23-24

30:23 Just watch! The wrath of the Lord

will come like a storm.

Like a raging storm it will rage down

on the heads of those who are wicked.

30:24 The anger of the Lord will not turn back

until he has fully carried out his intended purposes.

In days to come you will come to understand this. ⁵⁰ 

Ezekiel 13:10-16

13:10 “‘This is because they have led my people astray saying, “All is well,” ⁵¹  when things are not well. When anyone builds a wall without mortar, ⁵²  they coat it with whitewash. 13:11 Tell the ones who coat it with whitewash that it will fall. When there is a deluge of rain, hailstones ⁵³  will fall and a violent wind will break out. ⁵⁴  13:12 When the wall has collapsed, people will ask you, “Where is the whitewash you coated it with?”

13:13 “‘Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: In my rage I will make a violent wind break out. In my anger there will be a deluge of rain and hailstones in destructive fury. 13:14 I will break down the wall you coated with whitewash and knock it to the ground so that its foundation is exposed. When it falls you will be destroyed beneath it, ⁵⁵  and you will know that I am the Lord. 13:15 I will vent my rage against the wall, and against those who coated it with whitewash. Then I will say to you, “The wall is no more and those who whitewashed it are no more – 13:16 those prophets of Israel who would prophesy about Jerusalem ⁵⁶  and would see visions of peace for it, when there was no peace,” declares the sovereign Lord.’

Ezekiel 38:22

38:22 I will judge him with plague and bloodshed. I will rain down on him, his troops and the many peoples who are with him a torrential downpour, hailstones, fire, and brimstone.

Revelation 8:7

8:7 The ⁵⁷  first angel blew his trumpet, and there was hail and fire mixed with blood, and it was thrown at the earth so that ⁵⁸  a third of the earth was burned up, a third of the trees were burned up, and all the green grass was burned up.

Revelation 11:19

11:19 Then ⁵⁹  the temple of God in heaven was opened and the ark of his covenant was visible within his temple. And there were flashes of lightning, roaring, ⁶⁰  crashes of thunder, an earthquake, and a great hailstorm. ⁶¹ 

Revelation 16:21

16:21 And gigantic hailstones, weighing about a hundred pounds ⁶²  each, fell from heaven ⁶³  on people, ⁶⁴  but they ⁶⁵  blasphemed God because of the plague of hail, since it ⁶⁶  was so horrendous. ⁶⁷ 

[28:2]  ¹ tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here and in vv. 16, 22 is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

[28:2]  ² tn Heb “Look, a strong and powerful [one] belongs to the Lord.”

[28:2]  ³ tn Heb “like a rainstorm of hail, a wind of destruction.”

[28:2]  ⁴ tn Heb “like a rainstorm of mighty, overflowing waters.”

[28:2]  ⁵ tn The words “that crown” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The object of the verb is unexpressed in the Hebrew text.

[28:2]  ⁶ tn Or “by [his] power.”

[28:15]  ⁷ sn Sheol is the underworld, land of the dead, according to the OT world view.

[28:15]  ⁸ tn Elsewhere the noun חֹזֶה (khozeh) refers to a prophet who sees visions. In v. 18 the related term חָזוּת (khazut, “vision”) is used. The parallelism in both verses (note “treaty”) seems to demand a meaning “agreement” for both nouns. Perhaps חֹזֶה and חזוּת are used in a metonymic sense in vv. 15 and 18. Another option is to propose a homonymic root. See J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (NICOT), 1:514, and HALOT 301 s.v. II חֹזֶה.

[28:15]  ⁹ tn Heb “the overwhelming scourge, when it passes by” (NRSV similar).

[28:15]  ¹⁰ sn “Lie” and “deceitful word” would not be the terms used by the people. They would likely use the words “promise” and “reliable word,” but the prophet substitutes “lie” and “deceitful word” to emphasize that this treaty with death will really prove to be disappointing.

[25:4]  ¹¹ tn Or perhaps, “the violent”; NIV, NRSV “the ruthless.”

[25:4]  ¹² tc The Hebrew text has, “like a rainstorm of a wall,” which might be interpreted to mean, “like a rainstorm battering against a wall.” The translation assumes an emendation of קִיר (qir, “wall”) to קֹר (qor, “cold, winter”; cf. Gen 8:22). See J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (NICOT), 1:457, n. 6, for discussion.

[32:2]  ¹³ tn Heb “a man,” but אִישׁ (’ish) probably refers here to “each” of the officials mentioned in the previous verse.

[32:18]  ¹⁴ tn Or “in safe resting places”; NAB, NRSV “quiet resting places.”

[32:19]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “and [?] when the forest descends.” The form וּבָרַד (uvarad) is often understood as an otherwise unattested denominative verb meaning “to hail” (HALOT 154 s.v. I ברד). In this case one might translate, “and it hails when the forest is destroyed” (cf. KJV, ASV, NASB, NIV). Perhaps the text alludes to a powerful wind and hail storm that knocks down limbs and trees. Some prefer to emend the form to וְיָרַד (vÿyarad), “and it descends,” which provides better, though not perfect, symmetry with the parallel line (cf. NAB). Perhaps וּבָרַד should be dismissed as dittographic. In this case the statement (“when the forest descends”) lacks a finite verb and seems incomplete, but perhaps it is subordinate to v. 20.

[32:19]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “and in humiliation the city is laid low.”

[9:18]  ¹⁷ tn הִנְנִי מַמְטִיר (hinÿni mamtir) is the futur instans construction, giving an imminent future translation: “Here – I am about to cause it to rain.”

[9:18]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “which not was like it in Egypt.” The pronoun suffix serves as the resumptive pronoun for the relative particle: “which…like it” becomes “the like of which has not been.” The word “hail” is added in the translation to make clear the referent of the relative particle.

[9:18]  ¹⁹ tn The form הִוָּסְדָה (hivvasdah) is perhaps a rare Niphal perfect and not an infinitive (U. Cassuto, Exodus, 117).

[9:19]  ²⁰ tn The object “instructions” is implied in the context.

[9:19]  ²¹ tn הָעֵז (ha’ez) is the Hiphil imperative from עוּז (’uz, “to bring into safety” or “to secure”). Although there is no vav (ו) linking the two imperatives, the second could be subordinated by virtue of the meanings. “Send to bring to safety.”

[9:19]  ²² tn Heb “man, human.”

[9:19]  ²³ tn Heb “[who] may be found.” The verb can be the imperfect of possibility.

[10:11]  ²⁴ tn Heb “on the descent of.”

[10:11]  ²⁵ tn Or “heaven” (also in v. 13). The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.

[7:4]  ²⁶ tn Heb “Stop trusting in lying words which say.”

[7:4]  ²⁷ tn The words “We are safe!” are not in the text but are supplied in the translation for clarity.

[7:4]  ²⁸ tn Heb “The temple of the Lord, the temple of the Lord, the temple of the Lord are these (i.e., these buildings).” Elsewhere triple repetition seems to mark a kind of emphasis (cf. Isa 6:3; Jer 22:29; Ezek 21:27 [32 HT]). The triple repetition that follows seems to be Jeremiah’s way of mocking the (false) sense of security that people had in the invincibility of Jerusalem because God dwelt in the temple. They appeared to be treating the temple as some kind of magical charm. A similar feeling had grown up around the ark in the time of the judges (cf. 1 Sam 3:3) and the temple and city of Jerusalem in Micah’s day (cf. Mic 3:11). It is reflected also in some of the Psalms (cf., e.g., Ps 46, especially v. 5).

[7:5]  ²⁹ tn The infinitive absolute precedes the finite verb for emphasis.

[7:5]  ³⁰ tn Heb “you must do justice between a person and his fellow/neighbor.” The infinitive absolute precedes the finite verb for emphasis.

[7:6]  ³¹ tn Heb “Stop oppressing foreigner, orphan, and widow.”

[7:6]  ³² tn Heb “Stop shedding innocent blood.”

[7:6]  ³³ tn Heb “going/following after.” See the translator’s note at 2:5 for an explanation of the idiom involved here.

[7:6]  ³⁴ tn Heb “going after other gods to your ruin.”

[7:7]  ³⁵ tn The translation uses imperatives in vv. 5-6 followed by the phrase, “If you do all this,” to avoid the long and complex sentence structure of the Hebrew sentence which has a series of conditional clauses in vv. 5-6 followed by a main clause in v. 7.

[7:7]  ³⁶ tn Heb “live in this place, in this land.”

[7:7]  ³⁷ tn Heb “gave to your fathers [with reference to] from ancient times even unto forever.”

[7:8]  ³⁸ tn Heb “Behold!”

[7:8]  ³⁹ tn Heb “You are trusting in lying words.” See the similar phrase in v. 4 and the note there.

[7:8]  ⁴⁰ tn Heb “not profit [you].”

[7:14]  ⁴¹ tn Heb “over which my name is called.” For this nuance of this idiom cf. BDB 896 s.v. קָרָא Niph.2.d(4) and see the usage in 2 Sam 12:28.

[7:14]  ⁴² tn Heb “fathers” (also in vv. 22, 25, 26).

[7:14]  ⁴³ tn Heb “I will do to this house which I…in which you put…and to this place which…as I did to Shiloh.”

[7:20]  ⁴⁴ tn Heb “Lord Yahweh.” The translation follows the ancient Jewish tradition of substituting the Hebrew word for God for the proper name Yahweh.

[7:20]  ⁴⁵ tn Heb “this place.” Some see this as a reference to the temple but the context has been talking about what goes on in the towns of Judah and Jerusalem and the words that follow, meant as a further explanation, are applied to the whole land.

[7:20]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “the trees of/in the field and the fruit of/in the ground.”

[23:19]  ⁴⁷ tn Heb “Behold!”

[23:19]  ⁴⁸ tn The syntax of this line has generally been misunderstood, sometimes to the point that some want to delete the word wrath. Both here and in 30:23 where these same words occur the word “anger” stands not as an accusative of attendant circumstance but an apposition, giving the intended referent to the figure. Comparison should be made with Jer 25:15 where “this wrath” is appositional to “the cup of wine” (cf. GKC 425 §131.k).

[23:19]  ⁴⁹ tn The translation is deliberate, intending to reflect the repetition of the Hebrew root which is “swirl/swirling.”

[30:24]  ⁵⁰ sn Jer 30:23-24 are almost a verbatim repetition of 23:19-20. There the verses were addressed to the people of Jerusalem as a warning that the false prophets had no intimate awareness of the Lord’s plans which were plans of destruction for wicked Israel not plans of peace and prosperity. Here they function as further assurance that the Lord will judge the wicked nations oppressing them when he reverses their fortunes and restores them once again to the land as his special people (cf. vv. 18-22).

[13:10]  ⁵¹ tn Or “peace.”

[13:10]  ⁵² tn The Hebrew word only occurs here in the Bible. According to L. C. Allen (Ezekiel [WBC], 1:202-3) it is also used in the Mishnah of a wall of rough stones without mortar. This fits the context here comparing the false prophetic messages to a nice coat of whitewash on a structurally unstable wall.

[13:11]  ⁵³ tn Heb “and you, O hailstones.”

[13:11]  ⁵⁴ sn A violent wind will break out. God’s judgments are frequently described in storm imagery (Pss 18:7-15; 77:17-18; 83:15; Isa 28:17; 30:30; Jer 23:19; 30:23).

[13:14]  ⁵⁵ tn Or “within it,” referring to the city of Jerusalem.

[13:16]  ⁵⁶ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[8:7]  ⁵⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[8:7]  ⁵⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so that” because what follows has the logical force of a result clause.

[11:19]  ⁵⁹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence on events within the vision.

[11:19]  ⁶⁰ tn Or “sounds,” “voices.” It is not entirely clear what this refers to. BDAG 1071 s.v. φωνή 1 states, “In Rv we have ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονταί (cp. Ex 19:16) 4:5; 8:5; 11:19; 16:18 (are certain other sounds in nature thought of here in addition to thunder, as e.g. the roar of the storm?…).”

[11:19]  ⁶¹ tn Although BDAG 1075 s.v. χάλαζα gives the meaning “hail” here, it is not clear whether the adjective μεγάλη (megalh) refers to the intensity of the storm or the size of the individual hailstones, or both.

[16:21]  ⁶² tn Here BDAG 988 s.v. ταλαντιαῖος states, “weighing a talent…χάλαζα μεγάλη ὡς ταλαντιαία a severe hailstorm with hailstones weighing a talent (the talent=125 librae, or Roman pounds of c. 343 gr. or 12 ounces each) (weighing about a hundred pounds NRSV) Rv 16:21.” This means each hailstone would weigh just under 100 pounds or 40 kilograms.

[16:21]  ⁶³ tn Or “the sky.” Due to the apocalyptic nature of this book, it is probably best to leave the translation as “from heaven,” since God is ultimately the source of the judgment.

[16:21]  ⁶⁴ tn Grk “on men,” but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used here in a generic sense to refer to people in general (the hailstones did not single out adult males, but would have also fallen on women and children).

[16:21]  ⁶⁵ tn Grk “the men”; for stylistic reasons the pronoun “they” is used here.

[16:21]  ⁶⁶ tn Grk “the plague of it.”

[16:21]  ⁶⁷ tn Grk “since the plague of it was exceedingly great.”