Isaiah 34:2-8

34:2 For the Lord is angry at all the nations

and furious with all their armies.

He will annihilate them and slaughter them.

34:3 Their slain will be left unburied, ¹ 

their corpses will stink; ² 

the hills will soak up their blood. ³ 

34:4 All the stars in the sky will fade away, ⁴ 

the sky will roll up like a scroll;

all its stars will wither,

like a leaf withers and falls from a vine

or a fig withers and falls from a tree. ⁵ 

34:5 He says, ⁶  “Indeed, my sword has slaughtered heavenly powers. ⁷ 

Look, it now descends on Edom, ⁸ 

on the people I will annihilate in judgment.”

34:6 The Lord’s sword is dripping with blood,

it is covered ⁹  with fat;

it drips ¹⁰  with the blood of young rams and goats

and is covered ¹¹  with the fat of rams’ kidneys.

For the Lord is holding a sacrifice ¹²  in Bozrah, ¹³ 

a bloody ¹⁴  slaughter in the land of Edom.

34:7 Wild oxen will be slaughtered ¹⁵  along with them,

as well as strong bulls. ¹⁶ 

Their land is drenched with blood,

their soil is covered with fat.

34:8 For the Lord has planned a day of revenge, ¹⁷ 

a time when he will repay Edom for her hostility toward Zion. ¹⁸ 

Isaiah 43:2-4

43:2 When you pass through the waters, I am with you;

when you pass ¹⁹  through the streams, they will not overwhelm you.

When you walk through the fire, you will not be burned;

the flames will not harm ²⁰  you.

43:3 For I am the Lord your God,

the Holy One of Israel, ²¹  your deliverer.

I have handed over Egypt as a ransom price,

Ethiopia and Seba ²²  in place of you.

43:4 Since you are precious and special in my sight, ²³ 

and I love you,

I will hand over people in place of you,

nations in place of your life.

Isaiah 66:16-17

66:16 For the Lord judges all humanity ²⁴ 

with fire and his sword;

the Lord will kill many. ²⁵ 

66:17 “As for those who consecrate and ritually purify themselves so they can follow their leader and worship in the sacred orchards, ²⁶  those who eat the flesh of pigs and other disgusting creatures, like mice ²⁷  – they will all be destroyed together,” ²⁸  says the Lord.

Ezekiel 38:21-22

38:21 I will call for a sword to attack ²⁹  Gog ³⁰  on all my mountains, declares the sovereign Lord; every man’s sword will be against his brother. 38:22 I will judge him with plague and bloodshed. I will rain down on him, his troops and the many peoples who are with him a torrential downpour, hailstones, fire, and brimstone.

Ezekiel 39:4

39:4 You will fall dead on the mountains of Israel, you and all your troops and the people who are with you. I give you as food to every kind of bird and every wild beast.

Ezekiel 39:11-20

39:11 “‘On that day I will assign Gog a grave in Israel. It will be the valley of those who travel east of the sea; it will block the way of the travelers. There they will bury Gog and all his horde; they will call it the valley of Hamon-Gog. ³¹  39:12 For seven months Israel ³²  will bury them, in order to cleanse the land. 39:13 All the people of the land will bury them, and it will be a memorial ³³  for them on the day I magnify myself, declares the sovereign Lord. 39:14 They will designate men to scout continually ³⁴  through the land, burying those who remain on the surface of the ground, ³⁵  in order to cleanse it. They will search for seven full months. 39:15 When the scouts survey ³⁶  the land and see a human bone, they will place a sign by it, until those assigned to burial duty have buried it ³⁷  in the valley of Hamon-Gog. 39:16 (A city by the name of Hamonah ³⁸  will also be there.) They will cleanse the land.’

39:17 “As for you, son of man, this is what the sovereign Lord says: Tell every kind of bird and every wild beast: ‘Assemble and come! Gather from all around to my slaughter ³⁹  which I am going to make for you, a great slaughter on the mountains of Israel! You will eat flesh and drink blood. 39:18 You will eat the flesh of warriors ⁴⁰  and drink the blood of the princes of the earth – the rams, lambs, goats, and bulls, all of them fattened animals of Bashan. 39:19 You will eat fat until you are full, and drink blood until you are drunk, ⁴¹  at my slaughter ⁴²  which I have made for you. 39:20 You will fill up at my table with horses and charioteers, ⁴³  with warriors and all the soldiers,’ declares the sovereign Lord.

Revelation 14:20

14:20 Then ⁴⁴  the winepress was stomped ⁴⁵  outside the city, and blood poured out of the winepress up to the height of horses’ bridles ⁴⁶  for a distance of almost two hundred miles. ⁴⁷ 

[34:3]  ¹ tn Heb “will be cast aside”; NASB, NIV “thrown out.”

[34:3]  ² tn Heb “[as for] their corpses, their stench will arise.”

[34:3]  ³ tn Heb “hills will dissolve from their blood.”

[34:4]  ⁴ tc Heb “and all the host of heaven will rot.” The Qumran scroll 1QIsa^a inserts “and the valleys will be split open,” but this reading may be influenced by Mic 1:4. On the other hand, the statement, if original, could have been omitted by homoioarcton, a scribe’s eye jumping from the conjunction prefixed to “the valleys” to the conjunction prefixed to the verb “rot.”

[34:4]  ⁵ tn Heb “like the withering of a leaf from a vine, and like the withering from a fig tree.”

[34:5]  ⁶ tn The words “he says” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The Lord speaks at this point.

[34:5]  ⁷ tn Heb “indeed [or “for”] my sword is drenched in the heavens.” The Qumran scroll 1QIsa^a has תראה (“[my sword] appeared [in the heavens]”), but this is apparently an attempt to make sense out of a difficult metaphor. Cf. NIV “My sword has drunk its fill in the heavens.”

[34:5]  ⁸ sn Edom is mentioned here as epitomizing the hostile nations that oppose God.

[34:6]  ⁹ tn The verb is a rare Hotpaal passive form. See GKC 150 §54.h.

[34:6]  ¹⁰ tn The words “it drips” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[34:6]  ¹¹ tn The words “and is covered” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[34:6]  ¹² tn Heb “for there is a sacrifice to the Lord.”

[34:6]  ¹³ sn The Lord’s judgment of Edom is compared to a bloody sacrificial scene.

[34:6]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “great” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).

[34:7]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “will go down”; NAB “shall be struck down.”

[34:7]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “and bulls along with strong ones.” Perhaps this refers to the leaders.

[34:8]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “for a day of vengeance [is] for the Lord.”

[34:8]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “a year of repayment for the strife of Zion.” The translation assumes that רִיב (riv) refers to Edom’s hostility toward Zion. Another option is to understand רִיב (riv) as referring to the Lord’s taking up Zion’s cause. In this case one might translate, “a time when he will repay Edom and vindicate Zion.”

[43:2]  ¹⁹ tn The verb is understood by ellipsis (note the preceding line).

[43:2]  ²⁰ tn Heb “burn” (so NASB); NAB, NRSV, NLT “consume”; NIV “set you ablaze.”

[43:3]  ²¹ sn See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4.

[43:3]  ²² sn Seba is not the same as Sheba in southern Arabia; cf. Gen 1:10; 1 Chr 1:9.

[43:4]  ²³ tn Heb “Since you are precious in my eyes and you are honored.”

[66:16]  ²⁴ tn Heb “flesh” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV); NIV “upon all men”; TEV “all the people of the world.”

[66:16]  ²⁵ tn Heb “many are the slain of the Lord.”

[66:17]  ²⁶ tn Heb “the ones who consecrate themselves and the ones who purify themselves toward the orchards [or “gardens”] after the one in the midst.” The precise meaning of the statement is unclear, though it is obvious that some form of idolatry is in view.

[66:17]  ²⁷ tn Heb “ones who eat the flesh of the pig and the disgusting thing and the mouse.”

[66:17]  ²⁸ tn Heb “together they will come to an end.”

[38:21]  ²⁹ tn Heb “against.”

[38:21]  ³⁰ tn Heb “him”; the referent (Gog, cf. v. 18) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[39:11]  ³¹ tn The name means “horde of Gog.”

[39:12]  ³² tn Heb “the house of Israel.”

[39:13]  ³³ tn Heb “name.”

[39:14]  ³⁴ tn Heb “men of perpetuity.”

[39:14]  ³⁵ tn Heb “and bury the travelers and those who remain on the surface of the ground.” The reference to “travelers” seems odd and is omitted in the LXX. It is probably an accidental duplication (see v. 11).

[39:15]  ³⁶ tn Heb “as the scouts scout.”

[39:15]  ³⁷ tn That is, the aforementioned bone.

[39:16]  ³⁸ tn This name appears to be a feminine form of the word “horde,” used in the name Hamon-Gog.

[39:17]  ³⁹ tn Or “sacrifice” (so also in the rest of this verse).

[39:18]  ⁴⁰ sn See Rev 19:17-18.

[39:19]  ⁴¹ sn Eating the fat and drinking blood were God’s exclusive rights in Israelite sacrifices (Lev 3:17).

[39:19]  ⁴² tn Or “sacrifice” (so also in the rest of this verse).

[39:20]  ⁴³ tn Heb “chariots.”

[14:20]  ⁴⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[14:20]  ⁴⁵ sn The winepress was stomped. See Isa 63:3, where Messiah does this alone (usually several individuals would join in the process).

[14:20]  ⁴⁶ tn L&N 6.7 states, “In Re 14:20 the reference to a bit and bridle is merely an indication of measurement, that is to say, the height of the bit and bridle from the ground, and one may reinterpret this measurement as ‘about a meter and a half’ or ‘about five feet.’”

[14:20]  ⁴⁷ tn Grk “1,600 stades.” A stade was a measure of length about 607 ft (185 m). Thus the distance here would be 184 mi or 296 km.