Isaiah 41:17-18
Context41:17 The oppressed and the poor look for water, but there is none;
their tongues are parched from thirst.
I, the Lord, will respond to their prayers; 1
I, the God of Israel, will not abandon them.
41:18 I will make streams flow down the slopes
and produce springs in the middle of the valleys.
I will turn the desert into a pool of water
and the arid land into springs.
Isaiah 43:19-20
Context43:19 “Look, I am about to do something new.
Now it begins to happen! 2 Do you not recognize 3 it?
Yes, I will make a road in the desert
and paths 4 in the wilderness.
43:20 The wild animals of the desert honor me,
the jackals and ostriches,
because I put water in the desert
and streams in the wilderness,
to quench the thirst of my chosen people,
Isaiah 48:21
Context48:21 They do not thirst as he leads them through dry regions;
he makes water flow out of a rock for them;
he splits open a rock and water flows out.’ 5
Isaiah 49:10-11
Context49:10 They will not be hungry or thirsty;
the sun’s oppressive heat will not beat down on them, 6
for one who has compassion on them will guide them;
he will lead them to springs of water.
49:11 I will make all my mountains into a road;
I will construct my roadways.”
Exodus 17:6
Context17:6 I will be standing 7 before you there on 8 the rock in Horeb, and you will strike 9 the rock, and water will come out of it so that the people may drink.” 10 And Moses did so in plain view 11 of the elders of Israel.
Numbers 20:11
Context20:11 Then Moses raised his hand, and struck the rock twice with his staff. And water came out abundantly. So the community drank, and their beasts drank too.
Nehemiah 9:15
Context9:15 You provided bread from heaven for them in their time of hunger, and you brought forth water from the rock for them in their time of thirst. You told them to enter in order to possess the land that you had sworn 12 to give them.
Psalms 46:4
Context46:4 The river’s channels bring joy to the city of God, 13
the special, holy dwelling place of 14 the sovereign One. 15
Psalms 78:15-16
Context78:15 He broke open rocks in the wilderness,
and gave them enough water to fill the depths of the sea. 16
78:16 He caused streams to flow from the rock,
and made the water flow like rivers.
Ezekiel 47:1-11
Context47:1 Then he brought me back to the entrance of the temple. I noticed 17 that water was flowing from under the threshold of the temple toward the east (for the temple faced east). The water was flowing down from under the right side of the temple, from south of the altar. 47:2 He led me out by way of the north gate and brought me around the outside of the outer gate that faces toward the east; I noticed 18 that the water was trickling out from the south side.
47:3 When the man went out toward the east with a measuring line in his hand, he measured 1,750 feet, 19 and then he led me through water, which was ankle deep. 47:4 Again he measured 1,750 feet and led me through the water, which was now knee deep. Once more he measured 1,750 feet and led me through the water, which was waist deep. 47:5 Again he measured 1,750 feet and it was a river I could not cross, for the water had risen; it was deep enough to swim in, a river that could not be crossed. 47:6 He said to me, “Son of man, have you seen this?”
Then he led me back to the bank of the river. 47:7 When I had returned, I noticed 20 a vast number of trees on the banks of the river, on both sides. 47:8 He said to me, “These waters go out toward the eastern region and flow down into the Arabah; when they enter the Dead Sea, 21 where the sea is stagnant, 22 the waters become fresh. 23 47:9 Every living creature which swarms where the river 24 flows will live; there will be many fish, for these waters flow there. It will become fresh 25 and everything will live where the river flows. 47:10 Fishermen will stand beside it; from Engedi to En-eglaim they will spread nets. They will catch many kinds of fish, like the fish of the Great Sea. 26 47:11 But its swamps and its marshes will not become fresh; they will remain salty.
Zechariah 14:8
Context14:8 Moreover, on that day living waters will flow out from Jerusalem, 27 half of them to the eastern sea 28 and half of them to the western sea; 29 it will happen both in summer and in winter.
John 7:37-39
Context7:37 On the last day of the feast, the greatest day, 30 Jesus stood up and shouted out, 31 “If anyone is thirsty, let him come to me, and 7:38 let the one who believes in me drink. 32 Just as the scripture says, ‘From within him 33 will flow rivers of living water.’” 34 7:39 (Now he said this about the Spirit, whom those who believed in him were going to receive, for the Spirit had not yet been given, 35 because Jesus was not yet glorified.) 36
Revelation 22:1
Context22:1 Then 37 the angel 38 showed me the river of the water of life – water as clear as crystal – pouring out 39 from the throne of God and of the Lamb,
Revelation 22:17
Context22:17 And the Spirit and the bride say, “Come!” And let the one who hears say: “Come!” And let the one who is thirsty come; let the one who wants it take the water of life free of charge.
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[41:17] 1 tn Heb “will answer them” (so ASV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).
[43:19] 2 tn Heb “sprouts up”; NASB “will spring forth.”
[43:19] 3 tn Or “know” (KJV, ASV); NASB “be aware of”; NAB, NIV, NRSV “perceive.”
[43:19] 4 tn The Hebrew texts has “streams,” probably under the influence of v. 20. The Qumran scroll 1QIsaa has נתיבות (“paths”).
[48:21] 5 sn The translation above (present tense) assumes that this verse describes God’s provision for returning Babylonian exiles (see v. 20; 35:6; 49:10) in terms reminiscent of the Exodus from Egypt (see Exod 17:6).
[49:10] 6 tn Heb “and the heat and the sun will not strike them.” In Isa 35:7, its only other occurrence in the OT, שָׁרָב (sharav) stands parallel to “parched ground” and in contrast to “pool.” In later Hebrew and Aramaic it refers to “dry heat, heat of the sun” (Jastrow 1627 s.v.). Here it likely has this nuance and forms a hendiadys with “sun.”
[17:6] 7 tn The construction uses הִנְנִי עֹמֵד (hinni ’omed) to express the futur instans or imminent future of the verb: “I am going to be standing.”
[17:6] 8 tn Or “by” (NIV, NLT).
[17:6] 9 tn The form is a Hiphil perfect with the vav (ו) consecutive; it follows the future nuance of the participle and so is equivalent to an imperfect tense nuance of instruction.
[17:6] 10 tn These two verbs are also perfect tenses with vav (ו) consecutive: “and [water] will go out…and [the people] will drink.” But the second verb is clearly the intent or the result of the water gushing from the rock, and so it may be subordinated.
[17:6] 11 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
[9:15] 12 tn Heb “had lifted your hand.”
[46:4] 13 tn Heb “A river, its channels cause the city of God to be glad.”
[46:4] 14 tn Heb “the holy [place] of the dwelling places of.” The adjective “holy” is used here in a substantival manner and placed in construct with the following noun (see GKC 428 §132.c). Origen’s transliterated text assumes the reading קֹדֶשׁ (qodesh, “holiness; holy place”), while the LXX assumes a Piel verbal form קִדֵּשׁ (qidesh, “makes holy”) and takes the following form as “his dwelling place.” The plural form מִשְׁכְּנֵי (mishkÿney, “dwelling places of”) is probably a plural of degree, emphasizing the special character of this dwelling place. See GKC 397 §124.b. The form stands as an appositional genitive in relation to the preceding construct noun.
[46:4] 15 tn Heb “Most High.” This divine title (עֶלְיוֹן, ’elyon) pictures God as the exalted ruler of the universe who vindicates the innocent and judges the wicked. See especially Pss 7:17; 9:2; 18:13; 21:7; 47:2.
[78:15] 16 tn Heb “and caused them to drink, like the depths, abundantly.”
[47:1] 17 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[47:2] 18 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[47:3] 19 tn Heb “one thousand cubits” (i.e., 525 meters); this phrase occurs three times in the next two verses.
[47:7] 20 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[47:8] 21 tn Heb “the sea,” referring to the Dead Sea. This has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[47:8] 22 tn Heb “to the sea, those which are brought out.” The reading makes no sense. The text is best emended to read “filthy” (i.e., stagnant). See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:273.
[47:8] 23 tn Heb “the waters become healed.”
[47:9] 24 tn Heb “two rivers,” perhaps under the influence of Zech 14:8. The translation follows the LXX and other ancient versions in reading the singular, which is demanded by the context (see vv. 5-7, 9b, 12).
[47:9] 25 tn Heb “will be healed.”
[47:10] 26 sn The Great Sea refers to the Mediterranean Sea (also in vv. 15, 19, 20).
[14:8] 27 sn Living waters will flow out from Jerusalem. Ezekiel sees this same phenomenon in conjunction with the inauguration of the messianic age (Ezek 47; cf. Rev 22:1-5; also John 7:38).
[14:8] 28 sn The eastern sea is a reference to the Dead Sea (cf. NCV, TEV, CEV, NLT).
[14:8] 29 sn The western sea is a reference to the Mediterranean Sea (cf. NCV, TEV, CEV, NLT).
[7:37] 30 sn There is a problem with the identification of this reference to the last day of the feast, the greatest day: It appears from Deut 16:13 that the feast went for seven days. Lev 23:36, however, makes it plain that there was an eighth day, though it was mentioned separately from the seven. It is not completely clear whether the seventh or eighth day was the climax of the feast, called here by the author the “last great day of the feast.” Since according to the Mishnah (m. Sukkah 4.1) the ceremonies with water and lights did not continue after the seventh day, it seems more probable that this is the day the author mentions.
[7:37] 31 tn Grk “Jesus stood up and cried out, saying.”
[7:38] 32 tn An alternate way of punctuating the Greek text of vv. 37-38 results in this translation: “If anyone is thirsty, let him come to me and drink. The one who believes in me, just as the scripture says, ‘From within him will flow rivers of living water.’” John 7:37-38 has been the subject of considerable scholarly debate. Certainly Jesus picks up on the literal water used in the ceremony and uses it figuratively. But what does the figure mean? According to popular understanding, it refers to the coming of the Holy Spirit to dwell in the believer. There is some difficulty in locating an OT text which speaks of rivers of water flowing from within such a person, but Isa 58:11 is often suggested: “The
[7:38] 33 tn Or “out of the innermost part of his person”; Grk “out of his belly.”
[7:38] 34 sn An OT quotation whose source is difficult to determine; Isa 44:3, 55:1, 58:11, and Zech 14:8 have all been suggested.
[7:39] 35 tn Grk “for the Spirit was not yet.” Although only B and a handful of other NT
[7:39] 36 sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.
[22:1] 37 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[22:1] 38 tn Grk “he”; the referent (the angel mentioned in 21:9, 15) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:1] 39 tn Grk “proceeding.” Water is more naturally thought to pour out or flow out in English idiom.