Isaiah 44:21-26

44:21 Remember these things, O Jacob,

O Israel, for you are my servant.

I formed you to be my servant;

O Israel, I will not forget you! ¹ 

44:22 I remove the guilt of your rebellious deeds as if they were a cloud,

the guilt of your sins as if they were a cloud. ² 

Come back to me, for I protect ³  you.”

44:23 Shout for joy, O sky, for the Lord intervenes; ⁴ 

shout out, you subterranean regions ⁵  of the earth.

O mountains, give a joyful shout;

you too, O forest and all your trees! ⁶ 

For the Lord protects ⁷  Jacob;

he reveals his splendor through Israel. ⁸ 

The Lord Empowers Cyrus

44:24 This is what the Lord, your protector, ⁹  says,

the one who formed you in the womb:

“I am the Lord, who made everything,

who alone stretched out the sky,

who fashioned the earth all by myself, ¹⁰ 

44:25 who frustrates the omens of the empty talkers ¹¹ 

and humiliates ¹²  the omen readers,

who overturns the counsel of the wise men ¹³ 

and makes their advice ¹⁴  seem foolish,

44:26 who fulfills the oracles of his prophetic servants ¹⁵ 

and brings to pass the announcements ¹⁶  of his messengers,

who says about Jerusalem, ¹⁷  ‘She will be inhabited,’

and about the towns of Judah, ‘They will be rebuilt,

her ruins I will raise up,’

Isaiah 45:17

45:17 Israel will be delivered once and for all by the Lord; ¹⁸ 

you will never again be ashamed or humiliated. ¹⁹ 

Isaiah 45:25

45:25 All the descendants of Israel will be vindicated by the Lord

and will boast in him. ²⁰ 

Isaiah 46:3-4

46:3 “Listen to me, O family of Jacob, ²¹ 

all you who are left from the family of Israel, ²² 

you who have been carried from birth, ²³ 

you who have been supported from the time you left the womb. ²⁴ 

46:4 Even when you are old, I will take care of you, ²⁵ 

even when you have gray hair, I will carry you.

I made you and I will support you;

I will carry you and rescue you. ²⁶ 

Isaiah 49:7-26

49:7 This is what the Lord,

the protector ²⁷  of Israel, their Holy One, ²⁸  says

to the one who is despised ²⁹  and rejected ³⁰  by nations, ³¹ 

a servant of rulers:

“Kings will see and rise in respect, ³² 

princes will bow down,

because of the faithful Lord,

the Holy One of Israel who has chosen you.”

49:8 This is what the Lord says:

“At the time I decide to show my favor, I will respond to you;

in the day of deliverance I will help you;

I will protect you ³³  and make you a covenant mediator for people, ³⁴ 

to rebuild ³⁵  the land ³⁶ 

and to reassign the desolate property.

49:9 You will say ³⁷  to the prisoners, ‘Come out,’

and to those who are in dark dungeons, ³⁸  ‘Emerge.’ ³⁹ 

They will graze beside the roads;

on all the slopes they will find pasture.

49:10 They will not be hungry or thirsty;

the sun’s oppressive heat will not beat down on them, ⁴⁰ 

for one who has compassion on them will guide them;

he will lead them to springs of water.

49:11 I will make all my mountains into a road;

I will construct my roadways.”

49:12 Look, they come from far away!

Look, some come from the north and west,

and others from the land of Sinim! ⁴¹ 

49:13 Shout for joy, O sky! ⁴² 

Rejoice, O earth!

Let the mountains give a joyful shout!

For the Lord consoles his people

and shows compassion to the ⁴³  oppressed.

The Lord Remembers Zion

49:14 “Zion said, ‘The Lord has abandoned me,

the sovereign master ⁴⁴  has forgotten me.’

49:15 Can a woman forget her baby who nurses at her breast? ⁴⁵ 

Can she withhold compassion from the child she has borne? ⁴⁶ 

Even if mothers ⁴⁷  were to forget,

I could never forget you! ⁴⁸ 

49:16 Look, I have inscribed your name ⁴⁹  on my palms;

your walls are constantly before me.

49:17 Your children hurry back,

while those who destroyed and devastated you depart.

49:18 Look all around you! ⁵⁰ 

All of them gather to you.

As surely as I live,” says the Lord,

“you will certainly wear all of them like jewelry;

you will put them on as if you were a bride.

49:19 Yes, your land lies in ruins;

it is desolate and devastated. ⁵¹ 

But now you will be too small to hold your residents,

and those who devoured you will be far away.

49:20 Yet the children born during your time of bereavement

will say within your hearing,

‘This place is too cramped for us, ⁵² 

make room for us so we can live here.’ ⁵³ 

49:21 Then you will think to yourself, ⁵⁴ 

‘Who bore these children for me?

I was bereaved and barren,

dismissed and divorced. ⁵⁵ 

Who raised these children?

Look, I was left all alone;

where did these children come from?’”

49:22 This is what the sovereign Lord says:

“Look I will raise my hand to the nations;

I will raise my signal flag to the peoples.

They will bring your sons in their arms

and carry your daughters on their shoulders.

49:23 Kings will be your children’s ⁵⁶  guardians;

their princesses will nurse your children. ⁵⁷ 

With their faces to the ground they will bow down to you

and they will lick the dirt on ⁵⁸  your feet.

Then you will recognize that I am the Lord;

those who wait patiently for me are not put to shame.

49:24 Can spoils be taken from a warrior,

or captives be rescued from a conqueror? ⁵⁹ 

49:25 Indeed,” says the Lord,

“captives will be taken from a warrior;

spoils will be rescued from a conqueror.

I will oppose your adversary

and I will rescue your children.

49:26 I will make your oppressors eat their own flesh;

they will get drunk on their own blood, as if it were wine. ⁶⁰ 

Then all humankind ⁶¹  will recognize that

I am the Lord, your deliverer,

your protector, ⁶²  the powerful ruler of Jacob.” ⁶³ 

Isaiah 60:1-9

Zion’s Future Splendor

60:1 “Arise! Shine! For your light arrives!

The splendor ⁶⁴  of the Lord shines on you!

60:2 For, look, darkness covers the earth

and deep darkness covers ⁶⁵  the nations,

but the Lord shines on you;

his splendor ⁶⁶  appears over you.

60:3 Nations come to your light,

kings to your bright light.

60:4 Look all around you! ⁶⁷ 

They all gather and come to you –

your sons come from far away

and your daughters are escorted by guardians.

60:5 Then you will look and smile, ⁶⁸ 

you will be excited and your heart will swell with pride. ⁶⁹ 

For the riches of distant lands ⁷⁰  will belong to you

and the wealth of nations will come to you.

60:6 Camel caravans will cover your roads, ⁷¹ 

young camels from Midian and Ephah.

All the merchants of Sheba ⁷²  will come,

bringing gold and incense

and singing praises to the Lord. ⁷³ 

60:7 All the sheep of Kedar will be gathered to you;

the rams of Nebaioth will be available to you as sacrifices. ⁷⁴ 

They will go up on my altar acceptably, ⁷⁵ 

and I will bestow honor on my majestic temple.

60:8 Who are these who float along ⁷⁶  like a cloud,

who fly like doves to their shelters? ⁷⁷ 

60:9 Indeed, the coastlands ⁷⁸  look eagerly for me,

the large ships ⁷⁹  are in the lead,

bringing your sons from far away,

along with their silver and gold,

to honor the Lord your God, ⁸⁰ 

the Holy One of Israel, ⁸¹  for he has bestowed honor on you.

Isaiah 61:7-11

61:7 Instead of shame, you will get a double portion; ⁸² 

instead of humiliation, they will rejoice over the land they receive. ⁸³ 

Yes, ⁸⁴  they will possess a double portion in their land

and experience lasting joy.

61:8 For I, the Lord, love justice

and hate robbery and sin.

I will repay them because of my faithfulness; ⁸⁵ 

I will make a permanent covenant with them.

61:9 Their descendants will be known among the nations,

their offspring among the peoples.

All who see them will recognize that

the Lord has blessed them.” ⁸⁶ 

61:10 I ⁸⁷  will greatly rejoice ⁸⁸  in the Lord;

I will be overjoyed because of my God. ⁸⁹ 

For he clothes me in garments of deliverance;

he puts on me a robe symbolizing vindication. ⁹⁰ 

I look like a bridegroom when he wears a turban as a priest would;

I look like a bride when she puts on her jewelry. ⁹¹ 

61:11 For just as the ground produces its crops

and a garden yields its produce,

so the sovereign Lord will cause deliverance ⁹²  to grow,

and give his people reason to praise him in the sight of all the nations. ⁹³ 

Jeremiah 30:5-7

30:5 Yes, ⁹⁴  here is what he says:

“You hear cries of panic and of terror;

there is no peace in sight. ⁹⁵ 

30:6 Ask yourselves this and consider it carefully: ⁹⁶ 

Have you ever seen a man give birth to a baby?

Why then do I see all these strong men

grabbing their stomachs in pain like ⁹⁷  a woman giving birth?

And why do their faces

turn so deathly pale?

30:7 Alas, what a terrible time of trouble it is! ⁹⁸ 

There has never been any like it.

It is a time of trouble for the descendants of Jacob,

but some of them will be rescued out of it. ⁹⁹ 

Jeremiah 30:10

30:10 So I, the Lord, tell you not to be afraid,

you descendants of Jacob, my servants. ¹⁰⁰ 

Do not be terrified, people of Israel.

For I will rescue you and your descendants

from a faraway land where you are captives. ¹⁰¹ 

The descendants of Jacob will return to their land and enjoy peace.

They will be secure and no one will terrify them. ¹⁰² 

Jeremiah 31:10-12

31:10 Hear what the Lord has to say, O nations.

Proclaim it in the faraway lands along the sea.

Say, “The one who scattered Israel will regather them.

He will watch over his people like a shepherd watches over his flock.”

31:11 For the Lord will rescue the descendants of Jacob.

He will secure their release ¹⁰³  from those who had overpowered them. ¹⁰⁴ 

31:12 They will come and shout for joy on Mount Zion.

They will be radiant with joy ¹⁰⁵  over the good things the Lord provides,

the grain, the fresh wine, the olive oil,

the young sheep and calves he has given to them.

They will be like a well-watered garden

and will not grow faint or weary any more.

Jeremiah 33:24-26

33:24 “You have surely noticed what these people are saying, haven’t you? They are saying, ¹⁰⁶  ‘The Lord has rejected the two families of Israel and Judah ¹⁰⁷  that he chose.’ So they have little regard that my people will ever again be a nation. ¹⁰⁸  33:25 But I, the Lord, make the following promise: ¹⁰⁹  I have made a covenant governing the coming of day and night. I have established the fixed laws governing heaven and earth. 33:26 Just as surely as I have done this, so surely will I never reject the descendants of Jacob. Nor will I ever refuse to choose one of my servant David’s descendants to rule over the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Indeed, ¹¹⁰  I will restore them ¹¹¹  and show mercy to them.”

Ezekiel 37:24

37:24 “‘My servant David will be king over them; there will be one shepherd for all of them. They will follow ¹¹²  my regulations and carefully observe my statutes. ¹¹³ 

Ezekiel 37:28

37:28 Then, when my sanctuary is among them forever, the nations will know that I, the Lord, sanctify Israel.’” ¹¹⁴ 

Ezekiel 39:25--48:35

39:25 “Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: Now I will restore ¹¹⁵  the fortunes of Jacob, and I will have mercy on the entire house of Israel. I will be zealous for my holy name. 39:26 They will bear their shame for all their unfaithful acts against me, when they live securely on their land with no one to make them afraid. 39:27 When I have brought them back from the peoples and gathered them from the countries of their enemies, I will magnify myself among them in the sight of many nations. 39:28 Then they will know that I am the Lord their God, because I sent them into exile among the nations, and then gathered them into their own land. I will not leave any of them in exile ¹¹⁶  any longer. 39:29 I will no longer hide my face from them, when I pour out my Spirit on the house of Israel, ¹¹⁷  declares the sovereign Lord.”

Vision of the New Temple

40:1 In the twenty-fifth year of our exile, at the beginning of the year, on the tenth day of the month, in the fourteenth year after the city ¹¹⁸  was struck down, on this very day, ¹¹⁹  the hand ¹²⁰  of the Lord was on me, and he brought me there. ¹²¹  40:2 By means of divine visions ¹²²  he brought me to the land of Israel and placed me on a very high mountain, ¹²³  and on it was a structure like a city, to the south. 40:3 When he brought me there, I saw ¹²⁴  a man whose appearance was like bronze, with a linen cord and a measuring stick in his hand. He was standing in the gateway. 40:4 The man said to me, “Son of man, watch closely, listen carefully, and pay attention ¹²⁵  to everything I show you, for you have been brought here so that I can show it to you. ¹²⁶  Tell the house of Israel everything you see.”

40:5 I saw ¹²⁷  a wall all around the outside of the temple. ¹²⁸  In the man’s hand was a measuring stick 10½ feet ¹²⁹  long. He measured the thickness of the wall ¹³⁰  as 10½ feet, ¹³¹  and its height as 10½ feet. 40:6 Then he went to the gate facing east. He climbed its steps and measured the threshold of the gate as 10½ feet deep. ¹³²  40:7 The alcoves were 10½ feet long and 10½ feet wide; between the alcoves were 8¾ feet. ¹³³  The threshold of the gate by the porch of the gate facing inward was 10½ feet. 40:8 Then he measured the porch of the gate facing inward as 10½ feet. 40:9 He measured the porch of the gate as 14 feet, ¹³⁴  and its jambs as 3½ feet; ¹³⁵  the porch of the gate faced inward. 40:10 There were three alcoves on each side of the east gate; the three had the same measurement, and the jambs on either side had the same measurement. ¹³⁶  40:11 He measured the width of the entrance of the gateway as 17½ feet, ¹³⁷  and the length of the gateway as 22¾ feet. ¹³⁸  40:12 There was a barrier in front of the alcoves, 1¾ feet ¹³⁹  on either side; the alcoves were 10½ feet ¹⁴⁰  on either side. 40:13 He measured the gateway from the roof of one alcove to the roof of the other, a width of 43¾ feet ¹⁴¹  from one entrance to the opposite one. 40:14 He measured ¹⁴²  the porch ¹⁴³  at 105 feet ¹⁴⁴  high; ¹⁴⁵  the gateway went all around to the jamb of the courtyard. 40:15 From the front of the entrance gate to the porch of the inner gate was 87½ feet. ¹⁴⁶  40:16 There were closed windows toward the alcoves and toward their jambs within the gate all around, and likewise for the porches. There were windows all around the inside, and on each jamb were decorative palm trees. ¹⁴⁷ 

40:17 Then he brought me to the outer court. I saw ¹⁴⁸  chambers there, and a pavement made for the court all around; thirty chambers faced the pavement. 40:18 The pavement was beside the gates, corresponding to the length of the gates; this was the lower pavement. 40:19 Then he measured the width from before the lower gate to the front of the exterior of the inner court as 175 feet ¹⁴⁹  on the east and on the north.

40:20 He measured the length and width of the gate of the outer court which faces north. 40:21 Its alcoves, three on each side, and its jambs and porches had the same measurement as the first gate; 87½ feet ¹⁵⁰  long and 43¾ feet ¹⁵¹  wide. 40:22 Its windows, its porches, and its decorative palm trees had the same measurement as the gate which faced east. Seven steps led up to it, and its porch was in front of them. 40:23 Opposite the gate on the north and the east was a gate of the inner court; he measured the distance from gate to gate at 175 feet. ¹⁵² 

40:24 Then he led me toward the south. I saw ¹⁵³  a gate on the south. He measured its jambs and its porches; they had the same dimensions as the others. 40:25 There were windows all around it and its porches, like the windows of the others; ¹⁵⁴  87½ feet ¹⁵⁵  long and 43¾ feet ¹⁵⁶  wide. 40:26 There were seven steps going up to it; its porches were in front of them. It had decorative palm trees on its jambs, one on either side. 40:27 The inner court had a gate toward the south; he measured it from gate to gate toward the south as 175 feet. ¹⁵⁷ 

40:28 Then he brought me to the inner court by the south gate. He measured the south gate; it had the same dimensions as the others. 40:29 Its alcoves, its jambs, and its porches had the same dimensions as the others, and there were windows all around it and its porches; its length was 87½ feet ¹⁵⁸  and its width 43¾ feet. ¹⁵⁹  40:30 There were porches all around, 43¾ feet ¹⁶⁰  long and 8¾ feet ¹⁶¹  wide. 40:31 Its porches faced the outer court, and decorative palm trees were on its jambs, and its stairway had eight steps.

40:32 Then he brought me to the inner court on the east side. He measured the gate; it had the same dimensions as the others. 40:33 Its alcoves, its jambs, and its porches had the same dimensions as the others, and there were windows all around it and its porches; its length was 87½ feet ¹⁶²  and its width 43¾ feet. ¹⁶³  40:34 Its porches faced the outer court, it had decorative palm trees on its jambs, and its stairway had eight steps.

40:35 Then he brought me to the north gate, and he measured it; it had the same dimensions as the others – 40:36 its alcoves, its jambs, and its porches. It had windows all around it; its length was 87½ feet ¹⁶⁴  and its width 43¾ feet. ¹⁶⁵  40:37 Its jambs ¹⁶⁶  faced the outer court, and it had decorative palm trees on its jambs, on either side, and its stairway had eight steps.

40:38 There was a chamber with its door by the porch of the gate; ¹⁶⁷  there they washed the burnt offering. 40:39 In the porch of the gate were two tables on either side on which to slaughter the burnt offering, the sin offering, and the guilt offering. 40:40 On the outside of the porch as one goes up at the entrance of the north gate were two tables, and on the other side of the porch of the gate were two tables. 40:41 Four tables were on each side of the gate, eight tables on which the sacrifices were to be slaughtered. 40:42 The four tables for the burnt offering were of carved stone, 32 inches ¹⁶⁸  long, 32 inches ¹⁶⁹  wide, and 21 inches ¹⁷⁰  high. They would put the instruments which they used to slaughter the burnt offering and the sacrifice on them. 40:43 There were hooks ¹⁷¹  three inches ¹⁷²  long, fastened in the house all around, and on the tables was the flesh of the offering.

40:44 On the outside of the inner gate were chambers for the singers of the inner court, one ¹⁷³  at the side of the north gate facing south, and the other at the side of the south ¹⁷⁴  gate facing north. 40:45 He said to me, “This chamber which faces south is for the priests who keep charge of the temple, ¹⁷⁵  40:46 and the chamber which faces north is for the priests who keep charge of the altar. These are the descendants of Zadok, from the descendants of Levi, who may approach the Lord to minister to him.” 40:47 He measured the court as a square 175 feet long and 175 feet wide; ¹⁷⁶  the altar was in front of the temple.

40:48 Then he brought me to the porch of the temple and measured the jambs of the porch as 8¾ feet ¹⁷⁷  on either side, and the width of the gate was 24½ feet ¹⁷⁸  and the sides ¹⁷⁹  were 5¼ feet ¹⁸⁰  on each side. 40:49 The length of the porch was 35 feet ¹⁸¹  and the width 19¼ feet; ¹⁸²  steps ¹⁸³  led up to it, and there were pillars beside the jambs on either side.

The Inner Temple

41:1 Then he brought me to the outer sanctuary, and measured the jambs; the jambs were 10½ feet ¹⁸⁴  wide on each side. 41:2 The width of the entrance was 17½ feet, ¹⁸⁵  and the sides ¹⁸⁶  of the entrance were 8¾ feet ¹⁸⁷  on each side. He measured the length of the outer sanctuary as 70 feet, ¹⁸⁸  and its width as 35 feet. ¹⁸⁹ 

41:3 Then he went into the inner sanctuary and measured the jambs of the entrance as 3½ feet, ¹⁹⁰  the entrance as 10½ feet, ¹⁹¹  and the width of the entrance as 12¼ feet ¹⁹²  41:4 Then he measured its length as 35 feet, ¹⁹³  and its width as 35 feet, ¹⁹⁴  before the outer sanctuary. He said to me, “This is the most holy place.”

41:5 Then he measured the wall of the temple ¹⁹⁵  as 10½ feet, ¹⁹⁶  and the width of the side chambers as 7 feet, ¹⁹⁷  all around the temple. 41:6 The side chambers were in three stories, one above the other, thirty in each story. There were offsets in the wall all around to serve as supports for the side chambers, so that the supports were not in the wall of the temple. 41:7 The side chambers surrounding the temple were wider at each successive story; ¹⁹⁸  for the structure ¹⁹⁹  surrounding the temple went up story by story all around the temple. For this reason the width of the temple increased as it went up, and one went up from the lowest story to the highest by the way of the middle story.

41:8 I saw that the temple had a raised platform all around; the foundations of the side chambers were a full measuring stick ²⁰⁰  of 10½ feet ²⁰¹  high. 41:9 The width of the outer wall of the side chambers was 8¾ feet, ²⁰²  and the open area between the side chambers of the temple 41:10 and the chambers of the court was 35 feet ²⁰³  in width all around the temple on every side. 41:11 There were entrances from the side chambers toward the open area, one entrance toward the north, and another entrance toward the south; the width of the open area was 8¾ feet ²⁰⁴  all around.

41:12 The building that was facing the temple courtyard at the west side was 122½ feet ²⁰⁵  wide; the wall of the building was 8¾ feet ²⁰⁶  all around, and its length 157½ feet. ²⁰⁷ 

41:13 Then he measured the temple as 175 feet ²⁰⁸  long, the courtyard of the temple and the building and its walls as 175 feet ²⁰⁹  long, 41:14 and also the width of the front of the temple and the courtyard on the east as 175 feet. ²¹⁰ 

41:15 Then he measured the length of the building facing the courtyard at the rear of the temple, with its galleries on either side as 175 feet. ²¹¹ 

The interior of the outer sanctuary and the porch of the court, ²¹²  41:16 as well as the thresholds, narrow windows and galleries all around on three sides facing the threshold were paneled with wood all around, from the ground up to the windows (now the windows were covered), 41:17 to the space above the entrance, to the inner room, and on the outside, and on all the walls in the inner room and outside, by measurement. ²¹³  41:18 It was made with cherubim and decorative palm trees, with a palm tree between each cherub. Each cherub had two faces: 41:19 a human face toward the palm tree on one side and a lion’s face toward the palm tree on the other side. They were carved on the whole temple all around; 41:20 from the ground to the area above the entrance, cherubim and decorative palm trees were carved on the wall of the outer sanctuary. 41:21 The doorposts of the outer sanctuary were square. In front of the sanctuary one doorpost looked just like the other. 41:22 The altar was of wood, 5¼ feet ²¹⁴  high, with its length 3½ feet; ²¹⁵  its corners, its length, ²¹⁶  and its walls were of wood. He said to me, “This is the table that is before the Lord.” 41:23 The outer sanctuary and the inner sanctuary each had a double door. 41:24 Each of the doors had two leaves, two swinging ²¹⁷  leaves; two leaves for one door and two leaves for the other. 41:25 On the doors of the outer sanctuary were carved cherubim and palm trees, like those carved on the walls, and there was a canopy ²¹⁸  of wood on the front of the outside porch. 41:26 There were narrow windows and decorative palm trees on either side of the side walls of the porch; this is what the side chambers of the temple and the canopies were like.

Chambers for the Temple

42:1 Then he led me out to the outer court, toward the north, and brought me to the chamber which was opposite the courtyard and opposite the building on the north. 42:2 Its length was 175 feet ²¹⁹  on the north side, ²²⁰  and its width 87½ feet. ²²¹  42:3 Opposite the 35 feet ²²²  that belonged to the inner court, and opposite the pavement which belonged to the outer court, gallery faced gallery in the three stories. 42:4 In front of the chambers was a walkway on the inner side, 17½ feet ²²³  wide at a distance of 1¾ feet, ²²⁴  and their entrances were on the north. 42:5 Now the upper chambers were narrower, because the galleries took more space from them than from the lower and middle chambers of the building. 42:6 For they were in three stories and had no pillars like the pillars of the courts; therefore the upper chambers ²²⁵  were set back from the ground more than the lower and upper ones. 42:7 As for the outer wall by the side of the chambers, toward the outer court facing the chambers, it was 87½ feet ²²⁶  long. 42:8 For the chambers on the outer court were 87½ feet ²²⁷  long, while those facing the temple were 175 feet ²²⁸  long. 42:9 Below these chambers was a passage on the east side as one enters from the outer court.

42:10 At the beginning ²²⁹  of the wall of the court toward the south, ²³⁰  facing the courtyard and the building, were chambers 42:11 with a passage in front of them. They looked like the chambers on the north. Of the same length and width, and all their exits according to their arrangements and entrances 42:12 were the chambers ²³¹  which were toward the south. There was an opening at the head of the passage, the passage in front of the corresponding wall toward the east when one enters.

42:13 Then he said to me, “The north chambers and the south chambers which face the courtyard are holy chambers where the priests ²³²  who approach the Lord will eat the most holy offerings. There they will place the most holy offerings – the grain offering, the sin offering, and the guilt offering, because the place is holy. 42:14 When the priests enter, then they will not go out from the sanctuary to the outer court without taking off their garments in which they minister, for these are holy; they will put on other garments, then they will go near the places where the people are.”

42:15 Now when he had finished measuring the interior of the temple, he led me out by the gate which faces east and measured all around. 42:16 He measured the east side with the measuring stick ²³³  as 875 feet ²³⁴  by the measuring stick. 42:17 He measured the north side as 875 feet by the measuring stick. 42:18 He measured the south side as 875 feet by the measuring stick. 42:19 He turned to the west side and measured 875 feet by the measuring stick. 42:20 He measured it on all four sides. It had a wall around it, 875 feet long and 875 feet wide, to separate the holy and common places.

The Glory Returns to the Temple

43:1 Then he brought me to the gate that faced toward the east. 43:2 I saw ²³⁵  the glory of the God of Israel ²³⁶  coming from the east; ²³⁷  the sound was like that of rushing water; ²³⁸  and the earth radiated ²³⁹  his glory. 43:3 It was like the vision I saw when he ²⁴⁰  came to destroy the city, and the vision I saw by the Kebar River. I threw myself face down. 43:4 The glory of the Lord came into the temple by way of the gate that faces east. 43:5 Then a wind ²⁴¹  lifted me up and brought me to the inner court; I watched ²⁴²  the glory of the Lord filling the temple. ²⁴³ 

43:6 I heard someone speaking to me from the temple, while the man was standing beside me. 43:7 He said to me: “Son of man, this is the place of my throne ²⁴⁴  and the place for the soles of my feet, ²⁴⁵  where I will live among the people of Israel forever. The house of Israel will no longer profane my holy name, neither they nor their kings, by their spiritual prostitution or by the pillars of their kings set up when they die. ²⁴⁶  43:8 When they placed their threshold by my threshold and their doorpost by my doorpost, with only the wall between me and them, they profaned my holy name by the abominable deeds they committed. So I consumed them in my anger. 43:9 Now they must put away their spiritual prostitution and the pillars of their kings far from me, and then I will live among them forever.

43:10 “As for you, son of man, describe the temple to the house of Israel, so that they will be ashamed of their sins and measure the pattern. 43:11 When they are ashamed of all that they have done, make known to them the design of the temple, its pattern, its exits and entrances, and its whole design – all its statutes, its entire design, and all its laws; write it all down in their sight, so that they may observe its entire design and all its statutes and do them.

43:12 “This is the law of the temple: The entire area on top of the mountain all around will be most holy. Indeed, this is the law of the temple.

The Altar

43:13 “And these are the measurements of the altar: ²⁴⁷  Its base ²⁴⁸  is 1¾ feet ²⁴⁹  high, ²⁵⁰  and 1¾ feet ²⁵¹  wide, and its border nine inches ²⁵²  on its edge. This is to be the height ²⁵³  of the altar. 43:14 From the base of the ground to the lower edge is 3½ feet, ²⁵⁴  and the width 1¾ feet; ²⁵⁵  and from the smaller ledge to the larger edge, 7 feet, ²⁵⁶  and the width 1¾ feet; 43:15 and the altar hearth, 7 feet, and from the altar hearth four horns projecting upward. 43:16 Now the altar hearth ²⁵⁷  is a perfect square, 21 feet ²⁵⁸  long and 21 feet wide. 43:17 The ledge is 24½ feet ²⁵⁹  long and 24½ feet wide on four sides; the border around it is 10½ inches, ²⁶⁰  and its surrounding base 1¾ feet. ²⁶¹  Its steps face east.”

43:18 Then he said to me: “Son of man, this is what the sovereign Lord says: These are the statutes of the altar: On the day it is built to offer up burnt offerings on it and to sprinkle blood on it, ²⁶²  43:19 you will give a young bull for a sin offering to the Levitical priests who are descended from Zadok, who approach me to minister to me, declares the sovereign Lord. 43:20 You will take some of its blood, and place it on the four horns of the altar, on the four corners of the ledge, and on the border all around; you will cleanse it and make atonement for it. ²⁶³  43:21 You will also take the bull for the sin offering, and it will be burned in the appointed place in the temple, outside the sanctuary.

43:22 “On the second day, you will offer a male goat without blemish for a sin offering. They will purify the altar just as they purified it with the bull. 43:23 When you have finished purifying it, you will offer an unblemished young bull and an unblemished ram from the flock. 43:24 You will present them before the Lord, and the priests will scatter salt on them ²⁶⁴  and offer them up as a burnt offering to the Lord.

43:25 “For seven days you will provide every day a goat for a sin offering; a young bull and a ram from the flock, both without blemish, will be provided. 43:26 For seven days they will make atonement for the altar and cleanse it, so they will consecrate it. ²⁶⁵  43:27 When the prescribed period is over, ²⁶⁶  on the eighth day and thereafter the priests will offer up on the altar your burnt offerings and your peace offerings; ²⁶⁷  I will accept you, declares the sovereign Lord.”

The Closed Gate

44:1 Then he brought me back by way of the outer gate of the sanctuary which faces east, but it was shut. 44:2 The Lord said to me: “This gate will be shut; it will not be opened, and no one will enter by it. For the Lord, the God of Israel, has entered by it; therefore it will remain shut. 44:3 Only the prince may sit in it to eat a sacrificial meal ²⁶⁸  before the Lord; he will enter by way of the porch of the gate and will go out by the same way.”

44:4 Then he brought me by way of the north gate to the front of the temple. As I watched, I noticed ²⁶⁹  the glory of the Lord filling the Lord’s temple, and I threw myself face down. 44:5 The Lord said to me: “Son of man, pay attention, ²⁷⁰  watch closely and listen carefully to ²⁷¹  everything I tell you concerning all the statutes of the Lord’s house and all its laws. Pay attention to the entrances ²⁷²  to the temple with all the exits of the sanctuary. 44:6 Say to the rebellious, ²⁷³  to the house of Israel, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Enough of all your abominable practices, O house of Israel! 44:7 When you bring foreigners, those uncircumcised in heart and in flesh, into my sanctuary, you desecrate ²⁷⁴  it – even my house – when you offer my food, the fat and the blood. You ²⁷⁵  have broken my covenant by all your abominable practices. 44:8 You have not kept charge of my holy things, but you have assigned foreigners ²⁷⁶  to keep charge of my sanctuary for you. 44:9 This is what the sovereign Lord says: No foreigner, who is uncircumcised in heart and flesh among all the foreigners who are among the people of Israel, will enter into my sanctuary. ²⁷⁷ 

44:10 “‘But the Levites who went far from me, straying off from me after their idols when Israel went astray, will be responsible for ²⁷⁸  their sin. 44:11 Yet they will be ministers in my sanctuary, having oversight at the gates of the temple, and serving the temple. They will slaughter the burnt offerings and the sacrifices for the people, and they will stand before them to minister to them. 44:12 Because they used to minister to them before their idols, and became a sinful obstacle ²⁷⁹  to the house of Israel, consequently I have made a vow ²⁸⁰  concerning them, declares the sovereign Lord, that they will be responsible ²⁸¹  for their sin. 44:13 They will not come near me to serve me as priest, nor will they come near any of my holy things, the things which are most sacred. They will bear the shame of the abominable deeds they have committed. 44:14 Yet I will appoint them to keep charge of the temple, all of its service and all that will be done in it.

The Levitical Priests

44:15 “‘But the Levitical priests, the descendants of Zadok ²⁸²  who kept the charge of my sanctuary when the people of Israel went astray from me, will approach me to minister to me; they will stand before me to offer me the fat and the blood, declares the sovereign Lord. 44:16 They will enter my sanctuary, and approach my table to minister to me; they will keep my charge.

44:17 “‘When they enter the gates of the inner court, they must wear linen garments; they must not have any wool on them when they minister in the inner gates of the court and in the temple. 44:18 Linen turbans will be on their heads and linen undergarments will be around their waists; they must not bind themselves with anything that causes sweat. 44:19 When they go out to the outer court to the people, they must remove the garments they were ministering in, and place them in the holy chambers; they must put on other garments so that they will not transmit holiness to the people with their garments. ²⁸³ 

44:20 “‘They must not shave their heads ²⁸⁴  nor let their hair grow long; ²⁸⁵  they must only trim their heads. 44:21 No priest may drink wine when he enters the inner court. 44:22 They must not marry a widow or a divorcee, but they may marry a virgin from the house of Israel ²⁸⁶  or a widow who is a priest’s widow. 44:23 Moreover, they will teach my people the difference between the holy and the common, and show them how to distinguish between the ceremonially unclean and the clean. ²⁸⁷ 

44:24 “‘In a controversy they will act as judges; ²⁸⁸  they will judge according to my ordinances. They will keep my laws and my statutes regarding all my appointed festivals and will observe ²⁸⁹  my Sabbaths.

44:25 “‘They must not come near a dead person or they will be defiled; ²⁹⁰  however, for father, mother, son, daughter, brother or sister, they may defile themselves. 44:26 After a priest ²⁹¹  has become ceremonially clean, they ²⁹²  must count off a period of seven days for him. 44:27 On the day he enters the sanctuary, into the inner court to serve in the sanctuary, he must offer his sin offering, declares the sovereign Lord.

44:28 “‘This will be their inheritance: I am their inheritance, and you must give them no property in Israel; I am their property. ²⁹³  44:29 They may eat the grain offering, the sin offering, and the guilt offering, and every devoted thing in Israel will be theirs. 44:30 The first of all the first fruits and all contributions of any kind ²⁹⁴  will be for the priests; you will also give to the priest the first portion of your dough, so that a blessing may rest on your house. 44:31 The priests will not eat any bird or animal that has died a natural death or was torn to pieces by a wild animal. ²⁹⁵ 

The Lord’s Portion of the Land

45:1 “‘When you allot the land as an inheritance, you will offer an allotment ²⁹⁶  to the Lord, a holy portion from the land; the length will be eight and a quarter miles ²⁹⁷  and the width three and one-third miles. ²⁹⁸  This entire area will be holy. ²⁹⁹  45:2 Of this area a square 875 feet ³⁰⁰  by 875 feet will be designated for the sanctuary, with 87½ feet ³⁰¹  set aside for its open space round about. 45:3 From this measured area you will measure a length of eight and a quarter miles ³⁰²  and a width of three and one-third miles; ³⁰³  in it will be the sanctuary, the most holy place. 45:4 It will be a holy portion of the land; it will be for the priests, the ministers of the sanctuary who approach the Lord to minister to him. It will be a place for their houses and a holy place for the sanctuary. ³⁰⁴  45:5 An area eight and a quarter miles ³⁰⁵  in length and three and one-third miles ³⁰⁶  in width will be for the Levites, who minister at the temple, as the place for the cities ³⁰⁷  in which they will live.

45:6 “‘Alongside the portion set apart as the holy allotment, you will allot for the city an area one and two-thirds miles ³⁰⁸  wide and eight and a quarter miles ³⁰⁹  long; it will be for the whole house of Israel.

45:7 “‘For the prince there will be land on both sides of the holy allotment and the allotted city, alongside the holy allotment and the allotted city, on the west side and on the east side; it will be comparable in length to one of the portions, from the west border to the east border 45:8 of the land. This will be his property in Israel. My princes will no longer oppress my people, but the land will be allotted to the house of Israel according to their tribes.

45:9 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Enough, you princes of Israel! Put away violence and destruction, and do what is just and right. Put an end to your evictions of my people, ³¹⁰  declares the sovereign Lord. 45:10 You must use just balances, ³¹¹  a just dry measure (an ephah), ³¹²  and a just liquid measure (a bath). ³¹³  45:11 The dry and liquid measures will be the same, the bath will contain a tenth of a homer, ³¹⁴  and the ephah a tenth of a homer; the homer will be the standard measure. 45:12 The shekel will be twenty gerahs. Sixty shekels ³¹⁵  will be a mina for you.

45:13 “‘This is the offering you must offer: a sixth of an ephah from a homer of wheat; a sixth of an ephah from a homer of barley, 45:14 and as the prescribed portion of olive oil, one tenth of a bath from each kor (which is ten baths or a homer, for ten baths make a homer); 45:15 and one sheep from each flock of two hundred, from the watered places of Israel, for a grain offering, burnt offering, and peace offering, to make atonement for them, declares the sovereign Lord. 45:16 All the people of the land will contribute ³¹⁶  to this offering for the prince of Israel. 45:17 It will be the duty of the prince to provide the burnt offerings, the grain offering, and the drink offering at festivals, on the new moons and Sabbaths, at all the appointed feasts of the house of Israel; he will provide the sin offering, the grain offering, the burnt offering, and the peace offerings to make atonement for the house of Israel.

45:18 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: In the first month, on the first day of the month, you must take an unblemished young bull and purify the sanctuary. 45:19 The priest will take some of the blood of the sin offering and place it on the doorpost of the temple, on the four corners of the ledge of the altar, and on the doorpost of the gate of the inner court. 45:20 This is what you must do on the seventh day of the month for anyone who sins inadvertently or through ignorance; so you will make atonement for the temple.

45:21 “‘In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, you will celebrate the Passover, and for seven days bread made without yeast will be eaten. 45:22 On that day the prince will provide for himself and for all the people of the land a bull for a sin offering. 45:23 And during the seven days of the feast he will provide as a burnt offering to the Lord seven bulls and seven rams, all without blemish, on each of the seven days, and a male goat daily for a sin offering. 45:24 He will provide as a grain offering an ephah for each bull, an ephah for each ram, and a gallon ³¹⁷  of olive oil for each ephah of grain. ³¹⁸  45:25 In the seventh month, on the fifteenth day of the month, at the feast, ³¹⁹  he will make the same provisions for the sin offering, burnt offering, and grain offering, and for the olive oil, for the seven days.

The Prince’s Offerings

46:1 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: The gate of the inner court that faces east ³²⁰  will be closed six working days, but on the Sabbath day it will be opened and on the day of the new moon it will be opened. 46:2 The prince will enter by way of the porch of the gate from the outside, and will stand by the doorpost of the gate. The priests will provide his burnt offering and his peace offerings, and he will bow down at the threshold of the gate and then go out. But the gate will not be closed until evening. 46:3 The people of the land will bow down at the entrance of that gate before the Lord on the Sabbaths and on the new moons. 46:4 The burnt offering which the prince will offer to the Lord on the Sabbath day will be six unblemished lambs and one unblemished ram. 46:5 The grain offering will be an ephah with the ram, and the grain offering with the lambs will be as much as he is able to give, ³²¹  and a gallon ³²²  of olive oil with an ephah. 46:6 On the day of the new moon he will offer ³²³  an unblemished young bull, and six lambs and a ram, all without blemish. 46:7 He will provide a grain offering: an ephah with the bull and an ephah with the ram, and with the lambs as much as he wishes, ³²⁴  and a gallon ³²⁵  of olive oil with each ephah of grain. ³²⁶  46:8 When the prince enters, he will come by way of the porch of the gate and will go out the same way.

46:9 “‘When the people of the land come before the Lord at the appointed feasts, whoever enters by way of the north gate to worship will go out by way of the south gate; whoever enters by way of the south gate will go out by way of the north gate. No one will return by way of the gate they entered but will go out straight ahead. 46:10 When they come in, the prince will come in with them, and when they go out, he will go out.

46:11 “‘At the festivals and at the appointed feasts the grain offering will be an ephah with the bull and an ephah with the ram, and with the lambs as much as one is able, ³²⁷  and a gallon ³²⁸  of olive oil with each ephah of grain. ³²⁹  46:12 When the prince provides a freewill offering, a burnt offering, or peace offerings as a voluntary offering to the Lord, the gate facing east will be opened for him, and he will provide his burnt offering and his peace offerings just as he did on the Sabbath. Then he will go out, and the gate will be closed after he goes out. ³³⁰ 

46:13 “‘You ³³¹  will provide a lamb a year old without blemish for a burnt offering daily to the Lord; morning by morning he will provide it. 46:14 And you ³³²  will provide a grain offering with it morning by morning, a sixth of an ephah, and a third of a gallon ³³³  of olive oil to moisten the choice flour, as a grain offering to the Lord; this is a perpetual statute. 46:15 Thus they will provide the lamb, the grain offering, and the olive oil morning by morning, as a perpetual burnt offering.

46:16 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: If the prince should give a gift to one of his sons as ³³⁴  his inheritance, it will belong to his sons, it is their property by inheritance. 46:17 But if he gives a gift from his inheritance to one of his servants, it will be his until the year of liberty; ³³⁵  then it will revert to the prince. His inheritance will only remain with his sons. 46:18 The prince will not take away any of the people’s inheritance by oppressively removing them from their property. He will give his sons an inheritance from his own possessions so that my people will not be scattered, each from his own property.’”

46:19 Then he brought me through the entrance, which was at the side of the gate, into the holy chambers for the priests which faced north. There I saw ³³⁶  a place at the extreme western end. 46:20 He said to me, “This is the place where the priests will boil the guilt offering and the sin offering, and where they will bake the grain offering, so that they do not bring them out to the outer court to transmit holiness to the people.”

46:21 Then he brought me out to the outer court and led me past the four corners of the court, and I noticed ³³⁷  that in every corner of the court there was a court. 46:22 In the four corners of the court were small ³³⁸  courts, 70 feet ³³⁹  in length and 52½ feet ³⁴⁰  in width; the four were all the same size. 46:23 There was a row of masonry around each of the four courts, and places for boiling offerings were made under the rows all around. 46:24 Then he said to me, “These are the houses for boiling, where the ministers of the temple boil the sacrifices of the people.”

Water from the Temple

47:1 Then he brought me back to the entrance of the temple. I noticed ³⁴¹  that water was flowing from under the threshold of the temple toward the east (for the temple faced east). The water was flowing down from under the right side of the temple, from south of the altar. 47:2 He led me out by way of the north gate and brought me around the outside of the outer gate that faces toward the east; I noticed ³⁴²  that the water was trickling out from the south side.

47:3 When the man went out toward the east with a measuring line in his hand, he measured 1,750 feet, ³⁴³  and then he led me through water, which was ankle deep. 47:4 Again he measured 1,750 feet and led me through the water, which was now knee deep. Once more he measured 1,750 feet and led me through the water, which was waist deep. 47:5 Again he measured 1,750 feet and it was a river I could not cross, for the water had risen; it was deep enough to swim in, a river that could not be crossed. 47:6 He said to me, “Son of man, have you seen this?”

Then he led me back to the bank of the river. 47:7 When I had returned, I noticed ³⁴⁴  a vast number of trees on the banks of the river, on both sides. 47:8 He said to me, “These waters go out toward the eastern region and flow down into the Arabah; when they enter the Dead Sea, ³⁴⁵  where the sea is stagnant, ³⁴⁶  the waters become fresh. ³⁴⁷  47:9 Every living creature which swarms where the river ³⁴⁸  flows will live; there will be many fish, for these waters flow there. It will become fresh ³⁴⁹  and everything will live where the river flows. 47:10 Fishermen will stand beside it; from Engedi to En-eglaim they will spread nets. They will catch many kinds of fish, like the fish of the Great Sea. ³⁵⁰  47:11 But its swamps and its marshes will not become fresh; they will remain salty. 47:12 On both sides of the river’s banks, every kind of tree will grow for food. Their leaves will not wither nor will their fruit fail, but they will bear fruit every month, because their water source flows from the sanctuary. Their fruit will be for food and their leaves for healing.” ³⁵¹ 

Boundaries for the Land

47:13 This is what the sovereign Lord says: “Here ³⁵²  are the borders ³⁵³  you will observe as you allot the land to the twelve tribes of Israel. (Joseph will have two portions.) ³⁵⁴  47:14 You must divide it equally just as I vowed to give it to your forefathers; ³⁵⁵  this land will be assigned as your inheritance. ³⁵⁶ 

47:15 “This will be the border of the land: ³⁵⁷  On the north side, from the Great Sea by way of Hethlon to the entrance of Zedad; 47:16 Hamath, Berothah, Sibraim, which is between the border of Damascus and the border of Hamath, as far as Hazer-hattikon, which is on the border of Hauran. 47:17 The border will run from the sea to Hazar-enan, at the border of Damascus, and on the north is the border of Hamath. This is the north side. 47:18 On the east side, between Hauran and Damascus, and between Gilead and the land of Israel, will be the Jordan. You will measure from the border to the eastern sea. This is the east side. 47:19 On the south side it will run from Tamar to the waters of Meribath Kadesh, the river, ³⁵⁸  to the Great Sea. This is the south side. 47:20 On the west side the Great Sea will be the boundary to a point opposite Lebo-hamath. This is the west side.

47:21 “This is how you will divide this land for yourselves among the tribes of Israel. 47:22 You must allot it as an inheritance among yourselves and for the foreigners who reside among you, who have fathered sons among you. You must treat them as native-born among the people of Israel; they will be allotted an inheritance with you among the tribes of Israel. ³⁵⁹  47:23 In whatever tribe the foreigner resides, there you will give him his inheritance,” declares the sovereign Lord.

The Tribal Portions

48:1 “These are the names of the tribes: From the northern end beside the road of Hethlon to Lebo-hamath, as far as Hazar-enan (which is on the border of Damascus, toward the north beside Hamath), extending from the east side to the west, Dan will have one portion. 48:2 Next to the border of Dan, from the east side to the west, Asher ³⁶⁰  will have one portion. 48:3 Next to the border of Asher from the east side to the west, Naphtali will have one portion. 48:4 Next to the border of Naphtali from the east side to the west, Manasseh will have one portion. 48:5 Next to the border of Manasseh from the east side to the west, Ephraim will have one portion. 48:6 Next to the border of Ephraim from the east side to the west, Reuben will have one portion. 48:7 Next to the border of Reuben from the east side to the west, Judah ³⁶¹  will have one portion.

48:8 “Next to the border of Judah from the east side to the west will be the allotment you must set apart. It is to be eight and a quarter miles ³⁶²  wide, and the same length as one of the tribal portions, from the east side to the west; the sanctuary will be in the middle of it. 48:9 The allotment you set apart to the Lord will be eight and a quarter miles ³⁶³  in length and three and one-third miles ³⁶⁴  in width. 48:10 These will be the allotments for the holy portion: for the priests, toward the north eight and a quarter miles ³⁶⁵  in length, toward the west three and one-third miles ³⁶⁶  in width, toward the east three and one-third miles ³⁶⁷  in width, and toward the south eight and a quarter miles ³⁶⁸  in length; the sanctuary of the Lord will be in the middle. 48:11 This will be for the priests who are set apart from the descendants of Zadok who kept my charge and did not go astray when the people of Israel strayed off, like the Levites did. ³⁶⁹  48:12 It will be their portion from the allotment of the land, a most holy place, next to the border of the Levites.

48:13 “Alongside the border of the priests, the Levites will have an allotment eight and a quarter miles ³⁷⁰  in length and three and one-third miles ³⁷¹  in width. The whole length will be eight and a quarter miles ³⁷²  and the width three and one-third miles. ³⁷³  48:14 They must not sell or exchange any of it; they must not transfer this choice portion of land, for it is set apart ³⁷⁴  to the Lord.

48:15 “The remainder, one and two-thirds miles ³⁷⁵  in width and eight and a quarter miles ³⁷⁶  in length, will be for common use by the city, for houses and for open space. The city will be in the middle of it; 48:16 these will be its measurements: The north side will be one and one-half miles, ³⁷⁷  the south side one and one-half miles, the east side one and one-half miles, and the west side one and one-half miles. 48:17 The city will have open spaces: On the north there will be 437½ feet, ³⁷⁸  on the south 437½ feet, on the east 437½ feet, and on the west 437½ feet. 48:18 The remainder of the length alongside the holy allotment will be three and one-third miles ³⁷⁹  to the east and three and one-third miles toward the west, and it will be beside the holy allotment. Its produce will be for food for the workers of the city. 48:19 The workers of the city from all the tribes of Israel will cultivate it. 48:20 The whole allotment will be eight and a quarter miles ³⁸⁰  square, you must set apart the holy allotment with the possession of the city.

48:21 “The rest, on both sides of the holy allotment and the property of the city, will belong to the prince. Extending from the eight and a quarter miles ³⁸¹  of the holy allotment to the east border, and westward from the eight and a quarter miles ³⁸²  to the west border, alongside the portions, it will belong to the prince. The holy allotment and the sanctuary of the temple will be in the middle of it. 48:22 The property of the Levites and of the city will be in the middle of that which belongs to the prince. The portion between the border of Judah and the border of Benjamin will be for the prince.

48:23 “As for the rest of the tribes: From the east side to the west side, Benjamin will have one portion. 48:24 Next to the border of Benjamin, from the east side to the west side, Simeon will have one portion. 48:25 Next to the border of Simeon, from the east side to the west side, Issachar will have one portion. 48:26 Next to the border of Issachar, from the east side to the west side, Zebulun will have one portion. 48:27 Next to the border of Zebulun, from the east side to the west side, Gad will have one portion. 48:28 Next to the border of Gad, at the south side, the border will run from Tamar to the waters of Meribath Kadesh, to the Stream of Egypt ³⁸³  and on to the Great Sea. 48:29 This is the land which you will allot to the tribes of Israel, and these are their portions, declares the sovereign Lord.

48:30 “These are the exits of the city: On the north side, one and one-half miles ³⁸⁴  by measure, 48:31 the gates of the city ³⁸⁵  will be named for the tribes of Israel; there will be three gates to the north: one gate for Reuben, one gate for Judah, and one gate for Levi. 48:32 On the east side, one and one-half miles in length, there will be three gates: one gate for Joseph, one gate for Benjamin, and one gate for Dan. 48:33 On the south side, one and one-half miles by measure, there will be three gates: one gate for Simeon, one gate for Issachar, and one gate for Zebulun. 48:34 On the west side, one and one-half miles in length, there will be three gates: one gate for Gad, one gate for Asher, and one gate for Naphtali. 48:35 The circumference of the city will be six miles. ³⁸⁶  The name of the city from that day forward will be: ‘The Lord Is There.’” ³⁸⁷ 

Joel 2:27

2:27 You will be convinced that I am in the midst of Israel.

I am the Lord your God; there is no other.

My people will never again be put to shame.

Romans 11:11-24

11:11 I ask then, they did not stumble into an irrevocable fall, ³⁸⁸  did they? Absolutely not! But by their transgression salvation has come to the Gentiles, to make Israel ³⁸⁹  jealous. 11:12 Now if their transgression means riches for the world and their defeat means riches for the Gentiles, how much more will their full restoration ³⁹⁰  bring?

11:13 Now I am speaking to you Gentiles. Seeing that I am an apostle to the Gentiles, I magnify my ministry, 11:14 if somehow I could provoke my people to jealousy and save some of them. 11:15 For if their rejection is the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead? 11:16 If the first portion ³⁹¹  of the dough offered is holy, then the whole batch is holy, and if the root is holy, so too are the branches. ³⁹² 

11:17 Now if some of the branches were broken off, and you, a wild olive shoot, were grafted in among them and participated in ³⁹³  the richness of the olive root, 11:18 do not boast over the branches. But if you boast, remember that you do not support the root, but the root supports you. 11:19 Then you will say, “The branches were broken off so that I could be grafted in.” 11:20 Granted! ³⁹⁴  They were broken off because of their unbelief, but you stand by faith. Do not be arrogant, but fear! 11:21 For if God did not spare the natural branches, perhaps he will not spare you. 11:22 Notice therefore the kindness and harshness of God – harshness toward those who have fallen, but ³⁹⁵  God’s kindness toward you, provided you continue in his kindness; ³⁹⁶  otherwise you also will be cut off. 11:23 And even they – if they do not continue in their unbelief – will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again. 11:24 For if you were cut off from what is by nature a wild olive tree, and grafted, contrary to nature, into a cultivated olive tree, how much more will these natural branches be grafted back into their own olive tree?

[44:21]  ¹ tc The verb in the Hebrew text is a Niphal imperfect with a pronominal suffix. Although the Niphal ordinarily has the passive sense, it can have a reflexive nuance as well (see above translation). Some have suggested an emendation to a Qal form: “Do not forget me” (all the ancient versions, NEB, REB; see GKC 369 §117.x). “Do not forget me” would make a good parallel with “remember these things” in the first line. Since the MT is the harder reading and fits with Israel’s complaint that God had forgotten her (Isa 40:27), the MT reading should be retained (NASB, NKJV, NRSV, ESV). The passive has been rendered as an active in the translation in keeping with contemporary English style (so also NIV, NCV, TEV, NLT).

[44:22]  ² tn Heb “I blot out like a cloud your rebellious deeds, and like a cloud your sins.” “Rebellious deeds” and “sins” stand by metonymy for the guilt they produce. Both עָב (’av) and עָנָן (’anan) refer to the clouds in the sky. It is tempting for stylistic purposes to translate the second with “fog” or “mist” (cf. NAB, NRSV “cloud…mist”; NIV “cloud…morning mist”; NLT “morning mists…clouds”), but this distinction between the synonyms is unwarranted here. The point of the simile seems to be this: The Lord forgives their sins, causing them to vanish just as clouds disappear from the sky (see Job 7:9; 30:15).

[44:22]  ³ tn Heb “redeem.” See the note at 41:14.

[44:23]  ⁴ tn Heb “acts”; NASB, NRSV “has done it”; NLT “has done this wondrous thing.”

[44:23]  ⁵ tn Heb “lower regions.” This refers to Sheol and forms a merism with “sky” in the previous line. See Pss 63:9; 71:20.

[44:23]  ⁶ tn Heb “O forest and all the trees in it”; NASB, NRSV “and every tree in it.”

[44:23]  ⁷ tn Heb “redeems.” See the note at 41:14.

[44:23]  ⁸ tn That is, by delivering Israel. Cf. NCV “showed his glory when he saved Israel”; TEV “has shown his greatness by saving his people Israel.”

[44:24]  ⁹ tn Heb “your redeemer.” See the note at 41:14.

[44:24]  ¹⁰ tn The consonantal text (Kethib) has “Who [was] with me?” The marginal reading (Qere) is “from with me,” i.e., “by myself.” See BDB 87 s.v. II אֵת 4.c.

[44:25]  ¹¹ tc The Hebrew text has בַּדִּים (baddim), perhaps meaning “empty talkers” (BDB 95 s.v. III בַּד). In the four other occurrences of this word (Job 11:3; Isa 16:6; Jer 48:30; 50:36) the context does not make the meaning of the term very clear. Its primary point appears to be that the words spoken are meaningless or false. In light of its parallelism with “omen readers,” some have proposed an emendation to בָּרִים (barim, “seers”). The Mesopotamian baru-priests were divination specialists who played an important role in court life. See R. Wilson, Prophecy and Society in Ancient Israel, 93-98. Rather than supporting an emendation, J. N. Oswalt (Isaiah [NICOT], 2:189, n. 79) suggests that Isaiah used בַּדִּים purposively as a derisive wordplay on the Akkadian word baru (in light of the close similarity of the d and r consonants).

[44:25]  ¹² tn Or “makes fools of” (NIV, NRSV); NAB and NASB both similar.

[44:25]  ¹³ tn Heb “who turns back the wise” (so NRSV); NIV “overthrows the learning of the wise”; TEV “The words of the wise I refute.”

[44:25]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “their knowledge” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NRSV).

[44:26]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “the word of his servant.” The following context indicates that the Lord’s prophets are in view.

[44:26]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “counsel.” The Hebrew term עֵצָה (’etsah) probably refers here to the divine plan as announced by the prophets. See HALOT 867 s.v. I עֵצָה.

[44:26]  ¹⁷ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[45:17]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “Israel will be delivered by the Lord [with] a permanent deliverance.”

[45:17]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “you will not be ashamed and you will not be humiliated for ages of future time.”

[45:25]  ²⁰ tn Heb “In the Lord all the offspring of Israel will be vindicated and boast.”

[46:3]  ²¹ tn Heb “house of Jacob”; TEV “descendants of Jacob.”

[46:3]  ²² tn Heb “and all the remnant of the house of Israel.”

[46:3]  ²³ tn Heb “from the womb” (so NRSV); KJV “from the belly”; NAB “from your infancy.”

[46:3]  ²⁴ tn Heb “who have been lifted up from the womb.”

[46:4]  ²⁵ tn Heb “until old age, I am he” (NRSV similar); NLT “I will be your God throughout your lifetime.”

[46:4]  ²⁶ sn Unlike the weary idol gods, whose images must be carried by animals, the Lord carries his weary people.

[49:7]  ²⁷ tn Heb “redeemer.” See the note at 41:14.

[49:7]  ²⁸ sn See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4.

[49:7]  ²⁹ tc The Hebrew text reads literally “to [one who] despises life.” It is preferable to read with the Qumran scroll 1QIsa^a לבזוי, which should be vocalized as a passive participle, לִבְזוּי (livzuy, “to the one despised with respect to life” [נֶפֶשׁ is a genitive of specification]). The consonantal sequence וי was probably misread as ה in the MT tradition. The contextual argument favors the 1QIsa^a reading. As J. N. Oswalt (Isaiah [NICOT], 2:294) points out, the three terse phrases “convey a picture of lowliness, worthlessness, and helplessness.”

[49:7]  ³⁰ tn MT’s Piel participle (“to the one who rejects”) does not fit contextually. The form should be revocalized as a Pual, “to the one rejected.”

[49:7]  ³¹ tn Parallelism (see “rulers,” “kings,” “princes”) suggests that the singular גּוֹי (goy) be emended to a plural or understood in a collective sense (see 55:5).

[49:7]  ³² tn For this sense of קוּם (qum), see Gen 19:1; 23:7; 33:10; Lev 19:32; 1 Sam 20:41; 25:41; 1 Kgs 2:19; Job 29:8.

[49:8]  ³³ tn The translation assumes the verb is derived from the root נָצָר (natsar, “protect”). Some prefer to derive it from the root יָצָר (yatsar, “form”).

[49:8]  ³⁴ tn Heb “a covenant of people.” A person cannot literally be a covenant; בְּרִית (bÿrit) is probably metonymic here, indicating a covenant mediator. Here עָם (’am, “people”) appears to refer to Israel. See the note at 42:6.

[49:8]  ³⁵ tn The Hiphil of קוּם (qum, “arise”) is probably used here in the sense of “rebuild.”

[49:8]  ³⁶ tn The “land” probably stands by metonymy for the ruins within it.

[49:9]  ³⁷ tn Heb “to say.” In the Hebrew text the infinitive construct is subordinated to what precedes.

[49:9]  ³⁸ tn Heb “in darkness” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV); NLT “the prisoners of darkness.”

[49:9]  ³⁹ tn Heb “show yourselves” (so ASV, NAB, NASB).

[49:10]  ⁴⁰ tn Heb “and the heat and the sun will not strike them.” In Isa 35:7, its only other occurrence in the OT, שָׁרָב (sharav) stands parallel to “parched ground” and in contrast to “pool.” In later Hebrew and Aramaic it refers to “dry heat, heat of the sun” (Jastrow 1627 s.v.). Here it likely has this nuance and forms a hendiadys with “sun.”

[49:12]  ⁴¹ tc The MT reads “Sinim” here; the Dead Sea Scrolls read “Syene,” a location in Egypt associated with modern Aswan. A number of recent translations adopt this reading: “Syene” (NAB, NRSV); “Aswan” (NIV); “Egypt” (NLT).

[49:13]  ⁴² tn Or “O heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

[49:13]  ⁴³ tn Heb “his” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).

[49:14]  ⁴⁴ tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

[49:15]  ⁴⁵ tn Heb “her suckling”; NASB “her nursing child.”

[49:15]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “so as not to have compassion on the son of her womb?”

[49:15]  ⁴⁷ tn Heb “these” (so ASV, NASB).

[49:15]  ⁴⁸ sn The argument of v. 15 seems to develop as follows: The Lord has an innate attachment to Zion, just like a mother does for her infant child. But even if mothers were to suddenly abandon their children, the Lord would never forsake Zion. In other words, the Lord’s attachment to Zion is like a mother’s attachment to her infant child, but even stronger.

[49:16]  ⁴⁹ tn Heb “you.” Here the pronoun is put by metonymy for the person’s name.

[49:18]  ⁵⁰ tn Heb “Lift up around your eyes and see.”

[49:19]  ⁵¹ tn Heb “Indeed your ruins and your desolate places, and the land of your destruction.” This statement is abruptly terminated in the Hebrew text and left incomplete.

[49:20]  ⁵² tn Heb “me.” The singular is collective.

[49:20]  ⁵³ tn Heb “draw near to me so I can dwell.”

[49:21]  ⁵⁴ tn Heb “and you will say in your heart.”

[49:21]  ⁵⁵ tn Or “exiled and thrust away”; NIV “exiled and rejected.”

[49:23]  ⁵⁶ tn Heb “your,” but Zion here stands by metonymy for her children (see v. 22b).

[49:23]  ⁵⁷ tn Heb “you.” See the preceding note.

[49:23]  ⁵⁸ tn Or “at your feet” (NAB, NIV); NLT “from your feet.”

[49:24]  ⁵⁹ tc The Hebrew text has צָדִיק (tsadiq, “a righteous [one]”), but this makes no sense in the parallelism. The Qumran scroll 1QIsa^a reads correctly עריץ (“violent [one], tyrant”; see v. 25).

[49:26]  ⁶⁰ sn Verse 26a depicts siege warfare and bloody defeat. The besieged enemy will be so starved they will their own flesh. The bloodstained bodies lying on the blood-soaked battle site will look as if they collapsed in drunkenness.

[49:26]  ⁶¹ tn Heb “flesh” (so KJV, NASB).

[49:26]  ⁶² tn Heb “your redeemer.” See the note at 41:14.

[49:26]  ⁶³ tn Heb “the powerful [one] of Jacob.” See 1:24.

[60:1]  ⁶⁴ tn Or “glory” (so most English versions).

[60:2]  ⁶⁵ tn The verb “covers” is understood by ellipsis (note the preceding line).

[60:2]  ⁶⁶ tn Or “glory” (so most English versions); TEV “the brightness of his presence.”

[60:4]  ⁶⁷ tn Heb “Lift up around your eyes and see!”

[60:5]  ⁶⁸ tn Or “shine,” or “be radiant” (NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).

[60:5]  ⁶⁹ tn Heb “and it will tremble and be wide, your heart.”

[60:5]  ⁷⁰ tn Heb “the wealth of the sea,” i.e., wealth that is transported from distant lands via the sea.

[60:6]  ⁷¹ tn Heb “an abundance of camels will cover you.”

[60:6]  ⁷² tn Heb “all of them, from Sheba.”

[60:6]  ⁷³ tn Heb “and they will announce the praises of the Lord.”

[60:7]  ⁷⁴ tn Heb “will serve you,” i.e., be available as sacrifices (see the next line). Another option is to understood these “rams” as symbolic of leaders who will be subject to the people of Zion. See v. 10.

[60:7]  ⁷⁵ tc Heb “they will go up on acceptance [on] my altar.” Some have suggested that the preposition עַל (’al) is dittographic (note the preceding יַעֲלוּ [ya’alu]). Consequently, the form should be emended to לְרָצוֹן (lÿratson, “acceptably”; see BDB 953 s.v. רָצוֹן). However, the Qumran scroll 1QIsa^a has both לרצון followed by the preposition על, which would argue against deleted the preposition. As the above translation seeks to demonstrate, the preposition עַל (’al) indicates a norm (“in accordance with acceptance” or “acceptably”; IBHS 218 §11.2.13e, n. 111) and the “altar” functions as an objective accusative with a verb of motion (cf. Gen 49:4; Lev 2:2; Num 13:17; J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah [NICOT], 2:534, n. 14).

[60:8]  ⁷⁶ tn Heb “fly” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV); NAB, NIV “fly along.”

[60:8]  ⁷⁷ tn Heb “to their windows,” i.e., to the openings in their coops. See HALOT 83 s.v. אֲרֻבָּה.

[60:9]  ⁷⁸ tn Or “islands” (NIV); CEV “distant islands”; TEV “distant lands.”

[60:9]  ⁷⁹ tn Heb “the ships of Tarshish.” See the note at 2:16.

[60:9]  ⁸⁰ tn Heb “to the name of the Lord your God.”

[60:9]  ⁸¹ sn See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4.

[61:7]  ⁸² tn Heb “instead of your shame, a double portion.”

[61:7]  ⁸³ tn Heb “and [instead of] humiliation they will rejoice [over] their portion.” The term תָחָת (takhat, “instead of”) is understood by ellipsis (note the preceding line).

[61:7]  ⁸⁴ tn Heb “therefore” (so KJV, NASB); NIV “and so.”

[61:8]  ⁸⁵ tn Heb “in faithfulness”; NASB, NRSV, NLT “faithfully.”

[61:9]  ⁸⁶ tn Heb “all who see them will recognize them, that they [are] descendants [whom] the Lord has blessed.”

[61:10]  ⁸⁷ sn The speaker in vv. 10-11 is not identified, but it is likely that the personified nation (or perhaps Zion) responds here to the Lord’s promise of restoration.

[61:10]  ⁸⁸ tn The infinitive absolute appears before the finite verb for emphasis.

[61:10]  ⁸⁹ tn Heb “my being is happy in my God”; NAB “in my God is the joy of my soul.”

[61:10]  ⁹⁰ tn Heb “robe of vindication”; KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV “robe of righteousness.”

[61:10]  ⁹¹ tn Heb “like a bridegroom [who] acts like a priest [by wearing] a turban, and like a bride [who] wears her jewelry.” The words “I look” are supplied for stylistic reasons and clarification.

[61:11]  ⁹² tn Or perhaps, “righteousness,” but the context seems to emphasize deliverance and restoration (see v. 10 and 62:1).

[61:11]  ⁹³ tn Heb “and praise before all the nations.”

[30:5]  ⁹⁴ tn The particle כִּי (ki) is functioning here as loosely causal or epexegetical of the preceding introduction. For this usage cf. BDB 473-74 s.v. כִּי 3.c. This nuance borders on that of the intensive use of כִּי. See the discussion in BDB 472 s.v. כִּי note and כִּי 1.e.

[30:5]  ⁹⁵ tn Heb “We have heard the sound of panic and of fear, and there is no peace.” It is generally agreed that the person of the verb presupposes that this is an unintroduced quote of the people.

[30:6]  ⁹⁶ tn Heb “Ask and see/consider.”

[30:6]  ⁹⁷ tn Heb “with their hands on their loins.” The word rendered “loins” refers to the area between the ribs and the thighs.

[30:7]  ⁹⁸ tn Heb “Alas [or Woe] for that day will be great.” For the use of the particle “Alas” to signal a time of terrible trouble, even to sound the death knell for someone, see the translator’s note on 22:13.

[30:7]  ⁹⁹ tn Heb “It is a time of trouble for Jacob but he will be saved out of it.”

[30:10]  ¹⁰⁰ tn Heb “So do not be afraid, my servant Jacob, oracle of the Lord.” Here and elsewhere in the verse the terms Jacob and Israel are poetic for the people of Israel descended from the patriarch Jacob. The terms have been supplied throughout with plural referents for greater clarity.

[30:10]  ¹⁰¹ tn Heb “For I will rescue you from far away, your descendants from the land of their captivity.”

[30:10]  ¹⁰² sn Compare the ideals of the Mosaic covenant in Lev 26:6, the Davidic covenant in 2 Sam 7:10-11, and the new covenant in Ezek 34:25-31.

[31:11]  ¹⁰³ sn Two rather theologically significant metaphors are used in this verse. The Hebrew word translated “will set…free” is a word used in the legal sphere for paying a redemption price to secure the freedom of a person or thing (see, e.g., Exod 13:13, 15). It is used metaphorically and theologically to refer to Israel’s deliverance from Egyptian bondage (Deut 15:15; Mic 6:4) and its deliverance from Babylonian exile (Isa 35:10). The word translated “secure their release” is a word used in the sphere of family responsibility where a person paid the price to free an indentured relative (Lev 25:48, 49) or paid the price to restore a relative’s property seized to pay a debt (Lev 25:25, 33). This word, too, was used to refer metaphorically and theologically to Israel’s deliverance from Egyptian bondage (Exod 6:6) or release from Babylonian exile (Isa 43:1-4; 44:22). These words are traditionally translated “ransom” and “redeem” and are a part of traditional Jewish and Christian vocabulary for physical and spiritual deliverance.

[31:11]  ¹⁰⁴ tn Heb “from the hand/power of the one too strong for him.”

[31:12]  ¹⁰⁵ tn Reading a Qal perfect from the root II נָהַר (nahar; so KBL 509 s.v. and HALOT 639 s.v.) rather than I נָהַר (so BDB 625 s.v.).

[33:24]  ¹⁰⁶ tn Heb “Have you not seen what this people have said, saying.” The question is rhetorical and expects a positive answer. The sentence has been broken in two to better conform with contemporary English style.

[33:24]  ¹⁰⁷ tn Heb “The two families which the Lord chose, he has rejected them.” This is an example of an object prepositioned before the verb and resumed by a redundant pronoun to throw emphasis of focus on it (called casus pendens in the grammars; cf. GKC 458 §143.d). Some commentators identify the “two families” as those of David and Levi mentioned in the previous verses, and some identify them as the families of the Israelites and of David mentioned in the next verse. However, the next clause in this verse and the emphasis on the restoration and regathering of Israel and Judah in this section (cf. 33:7, 14) show that the reference is to Israel and Judah (see also 30:3, 4; 31:27, 31 and 3:18).

[33:24]  ¹⁰⁸ tn Heb “and my people [i.e., Israel and Judah] they disdain [or look down on] from being again a nation before them.” The phrase “before them” refers to their estimation, their mental view (cf. BDB s.v. פָּנֶה II.4.a[g]). Hence it means they look with disdain on the people being a nation again (cf. BDB s.v. עוֹד 1.a[b] for the usage of עוֹד [’od] here).

[33:25]  ¹⁰⁹ tn Heb “Thus says the Lord.” See the translator’s note at the beginning of v. 20 for the style adopted here. Here the promise is in v. 26 following the contrary to fact condition in v. 25. The Hebrew text of vv. 25-26 reads: “Thus says the Lord, “If I have not established my covenant with day and night [and] the laws/statutes of heaven and earth, also I could reject the seed of Jacob and David my servant from taking from his seed as rulers over the seed of Abraham…” The syntax of the original is a little awkward because it involves the verbs “establish” and “reject” governing two objects, the first governing two similar objects “my covenant” and “the regulations” and the second governing two dissimilar objects “the seed of Jacob” and “my servant David from taking [so as not to take].” The translation has sought to remove these awkward syntactical constructions and also break down the long complex original sentence in such a way as to retain its original intent, i.e., the guarantee of the continuance of the seed of Jacob and of the rule of a line of David’s descendants over them based on the fixed order of God’s creation decrees.

[33:26]  ¹¹⁰ tn The Hebrew particle כִּי (ki) is probably intensive here as it has been on a number of occasions in the book of Jeremiah (see BDB 472 s.v. כִּי 1.e for the category).

[33:26]  ¹¹¹ tn Or “I will make them prosperous once again,” or “I will bring them back from captivity.”

[37:24]  ¹¹² tn Heb “walk [in].”

[37:24]  ¹¹³ tn Heb “and my statutes they will guard and they will do them.”

[37:28]  ¹¹⁴ sn The sanctuary of Israel becomes the main focus of Ezek 40-48.

[39:25]  ¹¹⁵ tn Heb “cause to return.”

[39:28]  ¹¹⁶ tn Heb “there,” referring to the foreign nations to which they were exiled. The translation makes the referent clear.

[39:29]  ¹¹⁷ sn See Ezek 11:19; 37:14.

[40:1]  ¹¹⁸ sn That is, Jerusalem.

[40:1]  ¹¹⁹ tn April 19, 573 b.c.

[40:1]  ¹²⁰ tn Or “power.”

[40:1]  ¹²¹ sn That is, to the land of Israel (see v. 2).

[40:2]  ¹²² tn The expression introduces the three major visions of Ezekiel (1:1; 8:3; 40:2).

[40:2]  ¹²³ tn The reference to a very high mountain is harmonious with Isa 2:2.

[40:3]  ¹²⁴ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[40:4]  ¹²⁵ tn Heb “look with your eyes, hear with your ears, and set your mind on.”

[40:4]  ¹²⁶ tn Heb “in order to show (it) to you.”

[40:5]  ¹²⁷ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[40:5]  ¹²⁸ tn Heb “house.”

[40:5]  ¹²⁹ tn Heb “a measuring stick of six cubits, [each] a cubit and a handbreadth.” The measuring units here and in the remainder of this section are the Hebrew “long” cubit, consisting of a cubit (about 18 inches or 45 cm) and a handbreadth (about 3 inches or 7.5 cm), for a total of 21 inches (52.5 cm). Therefore the measuring stick in the man’s hand was 10.5 feet (3.15 meters) long. Because modern readers are not familiar with the cubit as a unit of measurement, and due to the additional complication of the “long” cubit as opposed to the regular cubit, all measurements have been converted to American standard feet and inches, with the Hebrew measurements and the metric equivalents given in the notes.

[40:5]  ¹³⁰ tn Heb “building.”

[40:5]  ¹³¹ tn Heb “one rod [or “reed”]” (also a second time in this verse, twice in v. 6, three times in v. 7, and once in v. 8).

[40:6]  ¹³² tn The Hebrew text adds “the one threshold 10½ feet deep.” This is probably an accidental duplication of what precedes. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:517.

[40:7]  ¹³³ tn Heb “five cubits” (i.e., 2.625 meters) according to the “long” cubit. See the note on the first occurrence of the phrase “10½ feet” in v. 5.

[40:9]  ¹³⁴ tn Heb “eight cubits” (i.e., 4.2 meters).

[40:9]  ¹³⁵ tn Heb “two cubits” (i.e., 1.05 meters).

[40:10]  ¹³⁶ sn The three alcoves are parallel to the city gates found at Megiddo, Hazor, and Gezer.

[40:11]  ¹³⁷ tn Heb “ten cubits” (i.e., 5.25 meters).

[40:11]  ¹³⁸ tn Heb “thirteen cubits” (i.e., 6.825 meters).

[40:12]  ¹³⁹ tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm).

[40:12]  ¹⁴⁰ tn Heb “six cubits” (i.e., 3.15 meters).

[40:13]  ¹⁴¹ tn Heb “twenty-five cubits” (i.e., 13.125 meters).

[40:14]  ¹⁴² tn Heb “made.”

[40:14]  ¹⁴³ tc The MT reads “jambs” which does not make sense in context. Supposing a confusion of yod for vav, the text may be emended to read “porch.” See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:518.

[40:14]  ¹⁴⁴ tn Heb “sixty cubits” (i.e., 31.5 meters).

[40:14]  ¹⁴⁵ tn The word “high” is not in the Hebrew text but is supplied for sense.

[40:15]  ¹⁴⁶ tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).

[40:16]  ¹⁴⁷ sn Decorative palm trees were also a part of Solomon’s temple (1 Kgs 6:29, 32, 35).

[40:17]  ¹⁴⁸ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[40:19]  ¹⁴⁹ tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).

[40:21]  ¹⁵⁰ tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).

[40:21]  ¹⁵¹ tn Heb “twenty-five cubits” (i.e., 13.125 meters).

[40:23]  ¹⁵² tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).

[40:24]  ¹⁵³ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[40:25]  ¹⁵⁴ tn Heb “as these windows.”

[40:25]  ¹⁵⁵ tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).

[40:25]  ¹⁵⁶ tn Heb “twenty-five cubits” (i.e., 13.125 meters).

[40:27]  ¹⁵⁷ tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).

[40:29]  ¹⁵⁸ tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).

[40:29]  ¹⁵⁹ tn Heb “twenty-five cubits” (i.e., 13.125 meters).

[40:30]  ¹⁶⁰ tn Heb “twenty-five cubits” (i.e., 13.125 meters).

[40:30]  ¹⁶¹ tn Heb “five cubits” (i.e., 2.625 meters).

[40:33]  ¹⁶² tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).

[40:33]  ¹⁶³ tn Heb “twenty-five cubits” (i.e., 13.125 meters).

[40:36]  ¹⁶⁴ tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).

[40:36]  ¹⁶⁵ tn Heb “twenty-five cubits” (i.e., 13.125 meters).

[40:37]  ¹⁶⁶ tc The LXX reads “porches.”

[40:38]  ¹⁶⁷ tc The MT reads “jambs of the gates” which does not make sense in a context discussing one chamber. The emendation to “porch” is similar to v. 14. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:530.

[40:42]  ¹⁶⁸ tn Heb “one and a half cubits” (i.e., 78.75 cm).

[40:42]  ¹⁶⁹ tn Heb “one and a half cubits” (i.e., 78.75 cm).

[40:42]  ¹⁷⁰ tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm).

[40:43]  ¹⁷¹ tc This reading is supported by the Aramaic Targum. The LXX, Vulgate, and Syriac read “shelves” or some type of projection.

[40:43]  ¹⁷² tn Heb “one handbreadth” (7.5 cm).

[40:44]  ¹⁷³ tn “One” is not in the Hebrew text but is supplied for clarity in the translation.

[40:44]  ¹⁷⁴ tc This reading is supported by the LXX; the MT reads “east.”

[40:45]  ¹⁷⁵ tn Heb “the house.”

[40:47]  ¹⁷⁶ tn Heb “one hundred cubits long and one hundred cubits wide, a square” (i.e., 52.5 meters by 52.5 meters).

[40:48]  ¹⁷⁷ tn Heb “five cubits” (i.e., 2.625 meters).

[40:48]  ¹⁷⁸ tn The LXX reads “fourteen cubits” (i.e., 7.35 meters). See following note.

[40:48]  ¹⁷⁹ tc The translation follows the LXX. The MT reads “the width of the gate was three cubits,” the omission due to haplography.

[40:48]  ¹⁸⁰ tn Heb “three cubits” (i.e., 1.575 meters).

[40:49]  ¹⁸¹ tn Heb “twenty cubits” (i.e., 10.5 meters).

[40:49]  ¹⁸² tn Heb “eleven cubits” (i.e., 5.775 meters).

[40:49]  ¹⁸³ tc The LXX reads “ten steps.”

[41:1]  ¹⁸⁴ tn Heb “six cubits” (i.e., 3.15 meters).

[41:2]  ¹⁸⁵ tn Heb “ten cubits” (i.e., 5.25 meters).

[41:2]  ¹⁸⁶ tc The translation follows the LXX. The MT reads “the width of the gate was three cubits,” the omission due to haplography.

[41:2]  ¹⁸⁷ tn Heb “five cubits” (i.e., 2.625 meters).

[41:2]  ¹⁸⁸ tn Heb “forty cubits” (i.e., 21 meters).

[41:2]  ¹⁸⁹ tn Heb “twenty cubits” (i.e., 10.5 meters).

[41:3]  ¹⁹⁰ tn Heb “two cubits” (i.e., 1.05 meters).

[41:3]  ¹⁹¹ tn Heb “six cubits” (i.e., 3.15 meters).

[41:3]  ¹⁹² tn Heb “seven cubits” (i.e., 3.675 meters).

[41:4]  ¹⁹³ tn Heb “twenty cubits” (i.e., 10.5 meters).

[41:4]  ¹⁹⁴ tn Heb “twenty cubits” (i.e., 10.5 meters).

[41:5]  ¹⁹⁵ tn Heb “house” throughout Ezek 41.

[41:5]  ¹⁹⁶ tn Heb “six cubits” (i.e., 3.15 meters).

[41:5]  ¹⁹⁷ tn Heb “four cubits” (2.1 meters).

[41:7]  ¹⁹⁸ tc The Hebrew is difficult here. The Targum envisions a winding ramp or set of stairs, which entails reading the first word as a noun rather than a verb and reading the second word also not as a verb, supposing that an initial mem has been read as vav and nun. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:549.

[41:7]  ¹⁹⁹ tn The Hebrew term occurs only here in the OT.

[41:8]  ²⁰⁰ tn Heb “reed.”

[41:8]  ²⁰¹ tn Heb “six cubits” (i.e., 3.15 meters).

[41:9]  ²⁰² tn Heb “five cubits” (i.e., 2.625 meters).

[41:10]  ²⁰³ tn Heb “twenty cubits” (i.e., 10.5 meters).

[41:11]  ²⁰⁴ tn Heb “five cubits” (i.e., 2.625 meters).

[41:12]  ²⁰⁵ tn Heb “seventy cubits” (36.75 meters).

[41:12]  ²⁰⁶ tn Heb “five cubits” (i.e., 2.625 meters).

[41:12]  ²⁰⁷ tn Heb “ninety cubits” (i.e., 47.25 meters).

[41:13]  ²⁰⁸ tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).

[41:13]  ²⁰⁹ tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).

[41:14]  ²¹⁰ tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).

[41:15]  ²¹¹ tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).

[41:15]  ²¹² tc Some Hebrew mss read “and its outer court.”

[41:17]  ²¹³ tc The LXX does not have the word “by measurements.” The word may be a technical term referring to carpentry technique, the exact meaning of which is unclear.

[41:22]  ²¹⁴ tn Heb “three cubits” (i.e., 1.575 meters).

[41:22]  ²¹⁵ tn Heb “two cubits” (i.e., 1.05 meters).

[41:22]  ²¹⁶ tc So the Masoretic text. The LXX reads “base.”

[41:24]  ²¹⁷ tn Heb “turning” leaves.

[41:25]  ²¹⁸ tn Or “railings.” See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:218.

[42:2]  ²¹⁹ tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).

[42:2]  ²²⁰ tn Heb “the door of the north.”

[42:2]  ²²¹ tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).

[42:3]  ²²² tn Heb “twenty cubits” (i.e., 10.5 meters).

[42:4]  ²²³ tn Heb “ten cubits” (i.e., 5.25 meters).

[42:4]  ²²⁴ tc Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm). The LXX and the Syriac read “one hundred cubits” (= 175 feet).

[42:6]  ²²⁵ tn The phrase “upper chambers” is not in the Hebrew text but is supplied from the context.

[42:7]  ²²⁶ tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).

[42:8]  ²²⁷ tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).

[42:8]  ²²⁸ tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).

[42:10]  ²²⁹ tc The reading is supported by the LXX.

[42:10]  ²³⁰ tc This reading is supported by the LXX; the MT reads “east.”

[42:12]  ²³¹ tc The MT apparently evidences dittography, repeating most of the last word of the previous verse: “and like the openings of.”

[42:13]  ²³² sn The priests are from the Zadokite family (Ezek 40:6; 44:15).

[42:16]  ²³³ tn Heb “reed” (also in the following verses).

[42:16]  ²³⁴ tn Heb “five hundred cubits” (i.e., 262.5 meters).

[43:2]  ²³⁵ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[43:2]  ²³⁶ sn This same title appears in 8:4; 9:3; 10:19; and 11:22.

[43:2]  ²³⁷ sn Earlier Ezekiel had observed God leaving the temple to the east (11:23).

[43:2]  ²³⁸ sn See Ezek 1:24; Rev 1:15; 14:2; 19:6.

[43:2]  ²³⁹ tn Heb “shone from.”

[43:3]  ²⁴⁰ tc Heb “I.” The reading is due to the confusion of yod (י, indicating a first person pronoun) and vav (ו, indicating a third person pronoun). A few medieval Hebrew mss, Theodotion’s Greek version, and the Latin Vulgate support a third person pronoun here.

[43:5]  ²⁴¹ tn See note on “wind” in 2:2.

[43:5]  ²⁴² tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[43:5]  ²⁴³ sn In 1 Kgs 8:10-11 we find a similar event with regard to Solomon’s temple. See also Exod 40:34-35. and Isa 6:4.

[43:7]  ²⁴⁴ sn God’s throne is mentioned in Isa 6:1; Jer 3:17.

[43:7]  ²⁴⁵ sn See 1 Chr 28:2; Ps 99:5; 132:7; Isa 60:13; Lam 2:1.

[43:7]  ²⁴⁶ tn Heb “by their corpses in their death.” But the term normally translated “corpses” is better understood here as a reference to funeral pillars or funerary offerings. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:583-85, and L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:257.

[43:13]  ²⁴⁷ tn Heb “the measurements of the altar by cubits, the cubit being a cubit and a handbreadth.” The measuring units here and in the remainder of this section are the Hebrew “long” cubit, consisting of a cubit (about 18 inches or 45 cm) and a handbreadth (about 3 inches or 7.5 cm), for a total of 21 inches (52.5 cm). Because modern readers are not familiar with the cubit as a unit of measurement, and due to the additional complication of the “long” cubit as opposed to the regular cubit, all measurements have been converted to American standard feet and inches, with the Hebrew measurements and the metric equivalents given in the notes. On the altar see Ezek 40:47.

[43:13]  ²⁴⁸ tn The Hebrew term normally means “bosom.” Here it refers to a hollow in the ground.

[43:13]  ²⁴⁹ tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm).

[43:13]  ²⁵⁰ tn The word “high” is not in the Hebrew text but is supplied in the translation for clarity.

[43:13]  ²⁵¹ tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm).

[43:13]  ²⁵² tn Heb “one span.” A span was three handbreadths, or about nine inches (i.e., 22.5 cm).

[43:13]  ²⁵³ tc Heb “bulge, protuberance, mound.” The translation follows the LXX.

[43:14]  ²⁵⁴ tn Heb “two cubits” (i.e., 1.05 meters).

[43:14]  ²⁵⁵ tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm; the phrase occurs again later in this verse).

[43:14]  ²⁵⁶ tn Heb “four cubits” (i.e., 2.1 meters; the phrase also occurs in the next verse).

[43:16]  ²⁵⁷ tn The precise Hebrew word used here to refer to an “altar hearth” occurs only here in the OT.

[43:16]  ²⁵⁸ tn Heb “twelve cubits” (i.e., 6.3 meters; the phrase occurs twice in this verse).

[43:17]  ²⁵⁹ tn Heb “fourteen”; the word “cubits” is not in the Hebrew text but is understood from the context; the phrase occurs again later in this verse. Fourteen cubits is about 7.35 meters.

[43:17]  ²⁶⁰ tn Heb “half a cubit” (i.e., 26.25 cm).

[43:17]  ²⁶¹ tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm).

[43:18]  ²⁶² sn For the “sprinkling of blood,” see Lev 1:5, 11; 8:19; 9:12.

[43:20]  ²⁶³ sn Note the similar language in Lev 16:18.

[43:24]  ²⁶⁴ sn It is likely that salt was used with sacrificial meals (Num 18:19; 2 Chr 13:5).

[43:26]  ²⁶⁵ tn Heb “fill its hands.”

[43:27]  ²⁶⁶ tn Heb “and they will complete the days.”

[43:27]  ²⁶⁷ sn The people also could partake of the food of the peace offering (Lev 3).

[44:3]  ²⁶⁸ tn Heb “to eat bread.”

[44:4]  ²⁶⁹ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[44:5]  ²⁷⁰ tn Heb “set your heart” (so also in the latter part of the verse).

[44:5]  ²⁷¹ tn Heb “Set your mind, look with your eyes, and with your ears hear.”

[44:5]  ²⁷² tc The Syriac, Vulgate, and Targum read the plural. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:618.

[44:6]  ²⁷³ tc The LXX reads “house of rebellion.”

[44:7]  ²⁷⁴ tn Heb “to desecrate.”

[44:7]  ²⁷⁵ tc The Greek, Syriac, and Latin versions read “you.” The Masoretic text reads “they.”

[44:8]  ²⁷⁶ tc Instead of an energic nun (ן), the text may have read a third masculine plural suffix ם (mem), “them,” which was confused with ן (nun) in the old script. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:621.

[44:9]  ²⁷⁷ sn Tobiah, an Ammonite (Neh 13:8), was dismissed from the temple.

[44:10]  ²⁷⁸ tn Heb “will bear.”

[44:12]  ²⁷⁹ tn Heb “a stumbling block of iniquity.” This is a unique phrase of the prophet Ezekiel (cf. also Ezek 7:19; 14:3, 4, 7; 18:30).

[44:12]  ²⁸⁰ tn Heb “I lifted up my hand.”

[44:12]  ²⁸¹ tn Heb “will bear.”

[44:15]  ²⁸² sn Zadok was a descendant of Aaron through Eleazar (1 Chr 6:50-53), who served as a priest during David’s reign (2 Sam 8:17).

[44:19]  ²⁸³ sn For a similar concept of the transmitting of holiness, see Exod 19:12-14; Lev 10:1-2; 2 Sam 6:7. Similar laws concerning the priest are found in Lev 10 and 21.

[44:20]  ²⁸⁴ sn The shaving of the head was associated with mourning (Ezek 7:18).

[44:20]  ²⁸⁵ sn Letting the hair grow was associated with the taking of a vow (Num 6:5; Acts 21:23-26).

[44:22]  ²⁸⁶ tn Heb “from the offspring of the house of Israel.”

[44:23]  ²⁸⁷ sn This task was a fundamental role of the priest (Lev 10:10).

[44:24]  ²⁸⁸ sn For a historical illustration of the priest carrying out this function, see 2 Chr 19:9-11.

[44:24]  ²⁸⁹ tn Heb “sanctify, set apart.”

[44:25]  ²⁹⁰ sn This law was part of the legal code for priests (Lev 21:1-3).

[44:26]  ²⁹¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the priest) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[44:26]  ²⁹² tc One medieval Hebrew ms, the LXX, and the Syriac along with Lev 15:13, 28 read the verb as singular.

[44:28]  ²⁹³ sn See Num 18:20; Deut 10:9; 18:2; Josh 13:33; 18:7.

[44:30]  ²⁹⁴ tn Heb has in addition “from your contributions,” a repetition unnecessary in English.

[44:31]  ²⁹⁵ tn The words “by a wild animal” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied in the translation as a clarification of the circumstances.

[45:1]  ²⁹⁶ tn Heb “a contribution.”

[45:1]  ²⁹⁷ tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers). The measuring units here are the Hebrew “long” cubit, consisting of a cubit (about 18 inches or 45 cm) and a handbreadth (about 3 inches or 7.5 cm), for a total of 21 inches (52.5 cm). Because modern readers are not familiar with the cubit as a unit of measurement, and due to the additional complication of the “long” cubit as opposed to the regular cubit, all measurements have been converted to American standard miles (one mile = 5,280 feet), with the Hebrew measurements and the metric equivalents given in the notes.

[45:1]  ²⁹⁸ tc The LXX reads “twenty thousand cubits.”

[45:1]  ²⁹⁹ tn Heb “holy it is in all its territory round about.”

[45:2]  ³⁰⁰ tn Heb “five hundred cubits” (i.e., 262.5 meters); the phrase occurs twice in this verse.

[45:2]  ³⁰¹ tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).

[45:3]  ³⁰² tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).

[45:3]  ³⁰³ tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).

[45:4]  ³⁰⁴ tc The LXX apparently understood “open land” instead of “sanctuary.”

[45:5]  ³⁰⁵ tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).

[45:5]  ³⁰⁶ tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).

[45:5]  ³⁰⁷ tc The translation follows the LXX here. The MT reads “twenty.” See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:246.

[45:6]  ³⁰⁸ tn Heb “five thousand cubits” (i.e., 2.625 kilometers).

[45:6]  ³⁰⁹ tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).

[45:9]  ³¹⁰ sn Evictions of the less fortunate by the powerful are described in 1 Kgs 21:1-16; Jer 22:1-5, 13-17; Ezek 22:25.

[45:10]  ³¹¹ sn Previous legislation regarding this practice may be found in Lev 19:35-36; Deut 25:13-16; Mic 6:10-12.

[45:10]  ³¹² tn Heb “ephah,” which was 1/2 bushel.

[45:10]  ³¹³ tn Heb “bath,” a liquid measure, was 5 1/2 gallons.

[45:11]  ³¹⁴ sn The homer was about 5 bushels as a dry measure and 55 gallons as a liquid measure.

[45:12]  ³¹⁵ tn Heb “twenty shekels, twenty-five shekels, fifteen shekels.”

[45:16]  ³¹⁶ tn Heb “will be.”

[45:24]  ³¹⁷ tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.

[45:24]  ³¹⁸ tn Heb “ephah.” The words “of grain” are supplied in the translation as a clarification.

[45:25]  ³¹⁹ sn That is, the Feast of Temporary Shelters, traditionally known as the Feast of Tabernacles (Exod 23:16; 34:22; Deut 16:16).

[46:1]  ³²⁰ sn The east gate of the outer court was permanently closed (Ezek 44:2).

[46:5]  ³²¹ tn Or “as much as he wishes.” Heb “a gift of his hand.”

[46:5]  ³²² tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.

[46:6]  ³²³ tn The phrase “he will offer” is not in the Hebrew text but is warranted from the context.

[46:7]  ³²⁴ tn Heb “with the lambs as his hand can reach.”

[46:7]  ³²⁵ tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.

[46:7]  ³²⁶ tn Heb “ephah.” The words “of grain” are supplied in the translation as a clarification.

[46:11]  ³²⁷ tn Or “as much as he wishes.” Heb “a gift of his hand.”

[46:11]  ³²⁸ tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.

[46:11]  ³²⁹ tn Heb “ephah.” The words “of grain” are supplied in the translation as a clarification.

[46:12]  ³³⁰ tn Heb “he shall shut the gate after he goes out.”

[46:13]  ³³¹ tc A few Hebrew mss, the LXX, and the Vulgate read the verb as third person singular (referring to the prince), both here and later in the verse.

[46:14]  ³³² tc Two medieval Hebrew mss, the LXX, the Syriac, and the Vulgate read the verb as third person singular.

[46:14]  ³³³ tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.

[46:16]  ³³⁴ tn The Hebrew text has no preposition; the LXX reads “from” (see v. 17).

[46:17]  ³³⁵ sn That is, the year of Jubilee (Lev 25:8-15).

[46:19]  ³³⁶ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[46:21]  ³³⁷ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[46:22]  ³³⁸ tc The meaning of the Hebrew term is unclear. The LXX and Syriac render “small.”

[46:22]  ³³⁹ tn Heb “forty cubits” (i.e., 21 meters).

[46:22]  ³⁴⁰ tn Heb “thirty cubits” (i.e., 15.75 meters).

[47:1]  ³⁴¹ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[47:2]  ³⁴² tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[47:3]  ³⁴³ tn Heb “one thousand cubits” (i.e., 525 meters); this phrase occurs three times in the next two verses.

[47:7]  ³⁴⁴ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[47:8]  ³⁴⁵ tn Heb “the sea,” referring to the Dead Sea. This has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[47:8]  ³⁴⁶ tn Heb “to the sea, those which are brought out.” The reading makes no sense. The text is best emended to read “filthy” (i.e., stagnant). See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:273.

[47:8]  ³⁴⁷ tn Heb “the waters become healed.”

[47:9]  ³⁴⁸ tn Heb “two rivers,” perhaps under the influence of Zech 14:8. The translation follows the LXX and other ancient versions in reading the singular, which is demanded by the context (see vv. 5-7, 9b, 12).

[47:9]  ³⁴⁹ tn Heb “will be healed.”

[47:10]  ³⁵⁰ sn The Great Sea refers to the Mediterranean Sea (also in vv. 15, 19, 20).

[47:12]  ³⁵¹ sn See Rev 22:1-2.

[47:13]  ³⁵² tc This translation follows the reading זֶה (zeh) instead of גֵּה (geh), a nonexistent word, as supported by the LXX.

[47:13]  ³⁵³ tn Or “territory”; see D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:715.

[47:13]  ³⁵⁴ tc The grammar is awkward, though the presence of these words is supported by the versions. L. C. Allen (Ezekiel [WBC], 2:274) suggests that it is an explanatory gloss.

[47:14]  ³⁵⁵ sn Gen 15:9-21.

[47:14]  ³⁵⁶ tn Heb “will fall to you as an inheritance.”

[47:15]  ³⁵⁷ sn The measurements resemble those in Num 34:1-2.

[47:19]  ³⁵⁸ tn Or “valley.” The syntax is difficult. Some translate “to the river,” others “from the river”; in either case the preposition is supplied for the sake of English.

[47:22]  ³⁵⁹ sn A similar attitude toward non-Israelites is found in Isa 56:3-8.

[48:2]  ³⁶⁰ sn The tribes descended from Jacob’s maidservants are placed farthest from the sanctuary. See Gen 30.

[48:7]  ³⁶¹ sn The tribe from which the Davidic prince would come is given the most prestigious allotment (see Gen 49:8-12).

[48:8]  ³⁶² tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).

[48:9]  ³⁶³ tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).

[48:9]  ³⁶⁴ tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).

[48:10]  ³⁶⁵ tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).

[48:10]  ³⁶⁶ tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).

[48:10]  ³⁶⁷ tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).

[48:10]  ³⁶⁸ tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).

[48:11]  ³⁶⁹ tn Heb “strayed off.”

[48:13]  ³⁷⁰ tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).

[48:13]  ³⁷¹ tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).

[48:13]  ³⁷² tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).

[48:13]  ³⁷³ tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).

[48:14]  ³⁷⁴ tn Or “holy.”

[48:15]  ³⁷⁵ tn Heb “five thousand cubits” (i.e., 2.625 kilometers).

[48:15]  ³⁷⁶ tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).

[48:16]  ³⁷⁷ tn Heb “four thousand five hundred cubits” (i.e., 2.36 kilometers); the phrase occurs three more times in this verse.

[48:17]  ³⁷⁸ tn Heb “two hundred fifty cubits” (i.e., 131.25 meters); the phrase occurs three more times in this verse.

[48:18]  ³⁷⁹ tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers); the phrase occurs again later in this verse.

[48:20]  ³⁸⁰ tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).

[48:21]  ³⁸¹ tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).

[48:21]  ³⁸² tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).

[48:28]  ³⁸³ tn Traditionally “the Brook of Egypt,” although a number of recent translations have “the Wadi of Egypt” (cf. NAB, NIV, NRSV). The word “Egypt” is not in the Hebrew text, but is implied.

[48:30]  ³⁸⁴ tn Heb “four thousand five hundred cubits” (i.e., 2.36 kilometers); the phrase occurs again in vv. 32-34.

[48:31]  ³⁸⁵ sn See Rev 21:12-14.

[48:35]  ³⁸⁶ tn Heb “eighteen thousand cubits” (i.e., 9.45 kilometers).

[48:35]  ³⁸⁷ sn See Rev 21:12-21.

[11:11]  ³⁸⁸ tn Grk “that they might fall.”

[11:11]  ³⁸⁹ tn Grk “them”; the referent (Israel, cf. 11:7) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[11:12]  ³⁹⁰ tn Or “full inclusion”; Grk “their fullness.”

[11:16]  ³⁹¹ tn Grk “firstfruits,” a term for the first part of something that has been set aside and offered to God before the remainder can be used.

[11:16]  ³⁹² sn Most interpreters see Paul as making use of a long-standing metaphor of the olive tree (the root…the branches) as a symbol for Israel. See, in this regard, Jer 11:16, 19. A. T. Hanson, Studies in Paul’s Technique and Theology, 121-24, cites rabbinic use of the figure of the olive tree, and goes so far as to argue that Rom 11:17-24 is a midrash on Jer 11:16-19.

[11:17]  ³⁹³ tn Grk “became a participant of.”

[11:20]  ³⁹⁴ tn Grk “well!”, an adverb used to affirm a statement. It means “very well,” “you are correct.”

[11:22]  ³⁹⁵ tn Greek emphasizes the contrast between these two clauses more than can be easily expressed in English.

[11:22]  ³⁹⁶ tn Grk “if you continue in (the) kindness.”