James 5:6

5:6 You have condemned and murdered the righteous person, although he does not resist you. ¹ 

James 5:1

Warning to the Rich

5:1 Come now, you rich! Weep and cry aloud ²  over the miseries that are coming on you.

James 1:11-13

1:11 For the sun rises with its heat and dries up the meadow; the petal of the flower falls off and its beauty is lost forever. ³  So also the rich person in the midst of his pursuits will wither away. 1:12 Happy is the one ⁴  who endures testing, because when he has proven to be genuine, he will receive the crown of life that God ⁵  promised to those who love him. 1:13 Let no one say when he is tempted, “I am tempted by God,” for God cannot be tempted by evil, ⁶  and he himself tempts no one.

Acts 4:1-3

The Arrest and Trial of Peter and John

4:1 While Peter and John ⁷  were speaking to the people, the priests and the commander ⁸  of the temple guard ⁹  and the Sadducees ¹⁰  came up ¹¹  to them, 4:2 angry ¹²  because they were teaching the people and announcing ¹³  in Jesus the resurrection of the dead. 4:3 So ¹⁴  they seized ¹⁵  them and put them in jail ¹⁶  until the next day (for it was already evening).

Acts 4:26-28

4:26 The kings of the earth stood together, ¹⁷ 

and the rulers assembled together,

against the Lord and against his ¹⁸  Christ.’ ¹⁹ 

4:27 “For indeed both Herod and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles and the people of Israel, assembled together in this city against ²⁰  your holy servant Jesus, whom you anointed, ²¹  4:28 to do as much as your power ²²  and your plan ²³  had decided beforehand ²⁴  would happen.

Acts 5:17-18

Further Trouble for the Apostles

5:17 Now the high priest rose up, and all those with him (that is, the religious party of the Sadducees ²⁵ ), ²⁶  and they were filled with jealousy. ²⁷  5:18 They ²⁸  laid hands on ²⁹  the apostles and put them in a public jail.

Acts 5:26-27

5:26 Then the commander ³⁰  of the temple guard ³¹  went with the officers ³²  and brought the apostles ³³  without the use of force ³⁴  (for they were afraid of being stoned by the people). ³⁵ 

5:27 When they had brought them, they stood them before the council, ³⁶  and the high priest questioned ³⁷  them,

Acts 13:50

13:50 But the Jews incited ³⁸  the God-fearing women of high social standing and the prominent men of the city, stirred up persecution against Paul and Barnabas, and threw them out ³⁹  of their region.

Acts 16:19-20

16:19 But when her owners ⁴⁰  saw their hope of profit ⁴¹  was gone, they seized ⁴²  Paul and Silas and dragged ⁴³  them into the marketplace before the authorities. 16:20 When ⁴⁴  they had brought them ⁴⁵  before the magistrates, they said, “These men are throwing our city into confusion. ⁴⁶  They are ⁴⁷  Jews

Acts 17:6

17:6 When they did not find them, they dragged ⁴⁸  Jason and some of the brothers before the city officials, ⁴⁹  screaming, “These people who have stirred up trouble ⁵⁰  throughout the world ⁵¹  have come here too,

Acts 18:12

Paul Before the Proconsul Gallio

18:12 Now while Gallio ⁵²  was proconsul ⁵³  of Achaia, ⁵⁴  the Jews attacked Paul together ⁵⁵  and brought him before the judgment seat, ⁵⁶ 

[5:6]  ¹ tn Literally a series of verbs without connectives, “you have condemned, you have murdered…he does not resist.”

[5:1]  ² tn Or “wail”; Grk “crying aloud.”

[1:11]  ³ tn Or “perishes,” “is destroyed.”

[1:12]  ⁴ tn The word for “man” or “individual” here is ἀνήρ (anhr), which often means “male” or “man (as opposed to woman).” However, as BDAG 79 s.v. 2 says, here it is “equivalent to τὶς someone, a person.”

[1:12]  ⁵ tc Most mss ([C] P 0246 Ï) read ὁ κύριος (Jo kurio", “the Lord”) here, while others have ὁ θεός (Jo qeo", “God”; 4 33^vid 323 945 1739 al). However, several important and early witnesses (̲³ א A B Ψ 81 co) have no explicit subject. In light of the scribal tendency toward clarification, and the fact that both κύριος and θεός are well represented, there can be no doubt that the original text had no explicit subject. The referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity, not because of textual basis.

[1:13]  ⁶ tn Or “God must not be tested by evil people.”

[4:1]  ⁷ tn Grk “While they”; the referents (Peter and John) have been specified in the translation for clarity.

[4:1]  ⁸ tn Or “captain.”

[4:1]  ⁹ tn Grk “the official of the temple,” a title for the commander of the Jewish soldiers guarding the temple (thus the translation, “the commander of the temple guard”). See L&N 37.91.

[4:1]  ¹⁰ sn The Sadducees controlled the official political structures of Judaism at this time, being the majority members of the Sanhedrin. They were known as extremely strict on law and order issues (Josephus, J. W. 2.8.2 [2.119], 2.8.14 [2.164-166]; Ant. 13.5.9 [13.171-173], 13.10.6 [13.293-298], 18.1.2 [18.11], 18.1.4 [18.16-17], 20.9.1 [20.199]; Life 2 [10-11]). See also Matt 3:7; 16:1-12; 22:23-34; Mark 12:18-27; Luke 20:27-38; Acts 5:17; 23:6-8.

[4:1]  ¹¹ tn Or “approached.” This verb often denotes a sudden appearing (BDAG 418 s.v. ἐφίστημι 1).

[4:2]  ¹² tn Or “greatly annoyed,” “provoked.”

[4:2]  ¹³ tn Or “proclaiming.”

[4:3]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “And” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the logical sequence of events.

[4:3]  ¹⁵ tn Or “they arrested”; Grk “they laid hands on.”

[4:3]  ¹⁶ tn Or “prison,” “custody.”

[4:26]  ¹⁷ tn Traditionally, “The kings of the earth took their stand.”

[4:26]  ¹⁸ tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

[4:26]  ¹⁹ sn A quotation from Ps 2:1-2.

[4:27]  ²⁰ sn The application of Ps 2:1-2 is that Jews and Gentiles are opposing Jesus. The surprise of the application is that Jews are now found among the enemies of God’s plan.

[4:27]  ²¹ sn A wordplay on “Christ,” v. 26, which means “one who has been anointed.”

[4:28]  ²² tn Grk “hand,” here a metaphor for God’s strength or power or authority.

[4:28]  ²³ tn Or “purpose,” “will.”

[4:28]  ²⁴ tn Or “had predestined.” Since the term “predestine” is something of a technical theological term, not in wide usage in contemporary English, the translation “decide beforehand” was used instead (see L&N 30.84). God’s direction remains as the major theme.

[5:17]  ²⁵ sn See the note on Sadducees in 4:1.

[5:17]  ²⁶ sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.

[5:17]  ²⁷ sn Filled with jealousy. In Acts, the term “jealousy” (ζήλος, zhlos) occurs only here and in Acts 13:45. It is a key term in Judaism for religiously motivated rage (1 Macc 2:24; 1QH 14:13-15; m. Sanhedrin 9:5). It was a zeal motivated by a desire to maintain the purity of the faith.

[5:18]  ²⁸ tn Grk “jealousy, and they.” In the Greek text this is a continuation of the previous sentence, but a new sentence has been started here in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[5:18]  ²⁹ tn Or “they arrested.”

[5:26]  ³⁰ tn Or “captain.”

[5:26]  ³¹ tn Grk “the official [of the temple],” a title for the commander of the Jewish soldiers guarding the temple (thus the translation, “the commander of the temple guard”). See L&N 37.91.

[5:26]  ³² tn The Greek term ὑπηρέτης (Juphreth") generally means “servant,” but in the NT is used for many different types of servants. See the note on the word “officers” in v. 22.

[5:26]  ³³ tn Grk “brought them”; the referent (the apostles) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[5:26]  ³⁴ tn Or “without violence.” It is clear, as well, that the apostles did not resist arrest.

[5:26]  ³⁵ tn Grk “for they feared lest they be stoned by the people.” The translation uses a less awkward English equivalent. This is an explanatory note by the author.

[5:27]  ³⁶ tn Or “the Sanhedrin” (the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews).

[5:27]  ³⁷ tn Or “interrogated,” “asked.”

[13:50]  ³⁸ tn For the translation of παρώτρυναν (parwtrunan) as “incited” see BDAG 780 s.v. παροτρύνω.

[13:50]  ³⁹ tn BDAG 299 s.v. ἐκβάλλω 1 has “throw out.” Once again, many Jews reacted to the message (Acts 5:17, 33; 6:11; 13:45).

[16:19]  ⁴⁰ tn Or “masters.”

[16:19]  ⁴¹ tn On this use of ἐργασία (ergasia), see BDAG 390 s.v. 4. It is often the case that destructive practices and commerce are closely tied together.

[16:19]  ⁴² tn Grk “was gone, seizing.” The participle ἐπιλαβόμενοι (epilabomenoi) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[16:19]  ⁴³ tn On the term ἕλκω ({elkw) see BDAG 318 s.v. 1.

[16:20]  ⁴⁴ tn Grk “And when.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[16:20]  ⁴⁵ tn Grk “having brought them.” The participle ἐπιλαβόμενοι (epilabomenoi) has been taken temporally. It is also possible in English to translate this participle as a finite verb: “they brought them before the magistrates and said.”

[16:20]  ⁴⁶ tn BDAG 309 s.v. ἐκταράσσω has “agitate, cause trouble to, throw into confusion” for the meaning of this verb.

[16:20]  ⁴⁷ tn Grk “being Jews, and they are proclaiming.” The participle ὑπάρχοντες (Juparconte") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[17:6]  ⁴⁸ tn See BDAG 977-78 s.v. σύρω on this verb. It was used in everyday speech of dragging in fish by a net, or dragging away someone’s (presumably) dead body (Paul in Acts 14:19).

[17:6]  ⁴⁹ tn L&N 37.93 defines πολιτάρχης (politarch") as “a public official responsible for administrative matters within a town or city and a member of the ruling council of such a political unit – ‘city official’” (see also BDAG 845 s.v.).

[17:6]  ⁵⁰ tn Or “rebellion.” BDAG 72 s.v. ἀναστατόω has “disturb, trouble, upset,” but in light of the references in the following verse to political insurrection, “stirred up rebellion” would also be appropriate.

[17:6]  ⁵¹ tn Or “the empire.” This was a way of referring to the Roman empire (BDAG 699 s.v. οἰκουμένη 2.b).

[18:12]  ⁵² sn Gallio was proconsul of Achaia from a.d. 51-52. This date is one of the firmly established dates in Acts. Lucius Junius Gallio was the son of the rhetorician Seneca and the brother of Seneca the philosopher. The date of Gallio’s rule is established from an inscription (W. Dittenberger, ed., Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecarum 2.3 no. 8). Thus the event mentioned here is probably to be dated July-October a.d. 51.

[18:12]  ⁵³ sn The proconsul was the Roman official who ruled over a province traditionally under the control of the Roman senate.

[18:12]  ⁵⁴ sn Achaia was a Roman province created in 146 b.c. that included the most important parts of Greece (Attica, Boeotia, and the Peloponnesus).

[18:12]  ⁵⁵ tn Grk “with one accord.”

[18:12]  ⁵⁶ tn Although BDAG 175 s.v. βῆμα 3 gives the meaning “tribunal” for this verse and a number of modern translations use similar terms (“court,” NIV; “tribunal,” NRSV), there is no need for an alternative translation here since the bema was a standard feature in Greco-Roman cities of the time.