John 11:33

11:33 When Jesus saw her weeping, and the people ¹  who had come with her weeping, he was intensely moved ²  in spirit and greatly distressed. ³ 

Ezekiel 9:4

9:4 The Lord said to him, “Go through the city of Jerusalem ⁴  and put a mark ⁵  on the foreheads of the people who moan and groan over all the abominations practiced in it.”

Ezekiel 21:6

21:6 “And you, son of man, groan with an aching heart ⁶  and bitterness; groan before their eyes.

Mark 8:12

8:12 Sighing deeply in his spirit he said, “Why does this generation look for a sign? I tell you the truth, ⁷  no sign will be given to this generation.”

[11:33]  ¹ tn Or “the Judeans”; Grk “the Jews.” Here the phrase refers to the friends, acquaintances, and relatives of Lazarus or his sisters who had come to mourn, since the Jewish religious authorities are specifically mentioned as a separate group in John 11:46-47. See also the notes on the phrase “the Jewish leaders” in v. 8, “the Jewish people of the region” in v. 19, and the word “people” in v. 31.

[11:33]  ² tn Or (perhaps) “he was deeply indignant.” The verb ἐνεβριμήσατο (enebrimhsato), which is repeated in John 11:38, indicates a strong display of emotion, somewhat difficult to translate – “shuddered, moved with the deepest emotions.” In the LXX, the verb and its cognates are used to describe a display of indignation (Dan 11:30, for example – see also Mark 14:5). Jesus displayed this reaction to the afflicted in Mark 1:43, Matt 9:30. Was he angry at the afflicted? No, but he was angry because he found himself face-to-face with the manifestations of Satan’s kingdom of evil. Here, the realm of Satan was represented by death.

[11:33]  ³ tn Or “greatly troubled.” The verb ταράσσω (tarassw) also occurs in similar contexts to those of ἐνεβριμήσατο (enebrimhsato). John uses it in 14:1 and 27 to describe the reaction of the disciples to the imminent death of Jesus, and in 13:21 the verb describes how Jesus reacted to the thought of being betrayed by Judas, into whose heart Satan had entered.

[9:4]  ⁴ tn Heb “through the midst of the city, through the midst of Jerusalem.”

[9:4]  ⁵ tn The word translated “mark” is in Hebrew the letter ת (tav). Outside this context the only other occurrence of the word is in Job 31:35. In ancient Hebrew script this letter was written like the letter X.

[21:6]  ⁶ tn Heb “breaking loins.”

[8:12]  ⁷ tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amhn), I say to you.”