John 5:2

5:2 Now there is ¹  in Jerusalem by the Sheep Gate ²  a pool called Bethzatha ³  in Aramaic, ⁴  which has five covered walkways. ⁵ 

John 6:2

6:2 A large crowd was following him because they were observing the miraculous signs he was performing on the sick.

John 7:44

7:44 Some of them were wanting to seize him, but no one laid a hand on him. ⁶ 

John 8:3

8:3 The experts in the law ⁷  and the Pharisees ⁸  brought a woman who had been caught committing adultery. They made her stand in front of them

John 8:59

8:59 Then they picked up ⁹  stones to throw at him, ¹⁰  but Jesus hid himself and went out from the temple area. ¹¹ 

John 12:15

12:15 “Do not be afraid, people of Zion; ¹²  look, your king is coming, seated on a donkey’s colt!” ¹³ 

John 13:25

13:25 Then the disciple whom Jesus loved ¹⁴  leaned back against Jesus’ chest and asked him, “Lord, who is it?”

John 17:4

17:4 I glorified you on earth by completing ¹⁵  the work you gave me to do. ¹⁶ 

John 18:4

18:4 Then Jesus, because he knew everything that was going to happen to him, ¹⁷  came and asked them, “Who are you looking for?” ¹⁸ 

John 19:33

19:33 But when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs.

John 21:1

Jesus’ Appearance to the Disciples in Galilee

21:1 After this ¹⁹  Jesus revealed himself again to the disciples by the Sea of Tiberias. ²⁰  Now this is how he did so. ²¹ 

[5:2]  ¹ tn Regarding the use of the present tense ἐστιν (estin) and its implications for the dating of the Gospel of John, see the article by D. B. Wallace, “John 5,2 and the Date of the Fourth Gospel,” Bib 71 (1990): 177-205.

[5:2]  ² tn The site of the miracle is also something of a problem: προβατικῇ (probatikh) is usually taken as a reference to the Sheep Gate near the temple. Some (R. E. Brown and others) would place the word κολυμβήθρα (kolumbhqra) with προβατικῇ to read “in Jerusalem, by the Sheep Pool, there is (another pool) with the Hebrew name.” This would imply that there is reference to two pools in the context rather than only one. This does not seem necessary (although it is a grammatical possibility). The gender of the words does not help since both are feminine (as is the participle ἐπιλεγομένη [epilegomenh]). Note however that Brown’s suggestion would require a feminine word to be supplied (for the participle ἐπιλεγομένη to modify). The traditional understanding of the phrase as a reference to the Sheep Gate near the temple appears more probably correct.

[5:2]  ³ tc Some mss (א [L] 33 it) read Bethzatha, while others read Bethsaida (Ì^[66],75 B T W^s [Ψ] pc vg); codex D has Belzetha. A lot of controversy has surrounded the name of the pool itself: The reading of the Byzantine (or majority) text (A C Θ 078 Ë^1,13 Ï), Bethesda, has been virtually discarded by scholars in favor of what is thought to be the more primitive Bethzatha, even though many recent translations continue to employ Bethesda, the traditional reading. The latter is attested by Josephus as the name of a quarter of the city near the northeast corner of the temple area. He reports that the Syrian Legate Cestius burned this suburb in his attack on Jerusalem in October a.d. 68 (J. W. 2.19.4 [2.530]). However, there is some new archaeological evidence for this problem. 3Q15 (Copper Scroll) from Qumran seems to indicate that in the general area of the temple, on the eastern hill of Jerusalem, a treasure was buried in Bet áEsdatayin, in the pool at the entrance to the smaller basin. The name of the region or pool itself seems then to have been Bet ᾿Esda, “house of the flowing.” It appears with the dual ending in the scroll because there were two basins. Bethesda seems to be an accurate Greek rendition of the name, while J. T. Milik suggests Bethzatha is a rendition of the Aramaic intensive plural Bet áEsdata (DJDJ 3, 271). As for the text of John 5:2, the fundamental problems with the Bethesda reading are that it looks motivated (with an edifying Semitic etymology, meaning “House of Mercy” [TCGNT 178]), and is minimally attested. Apart from the Copper Scroll, the evidence for Bethesda is almost entirely shut up to the Byzantine text (C being the most notable exception, but it often has Byzantine encroachments). On the one hand, this argues the Byzantine reading here had ancient, semitic roots; on the other hand, since both readings are attested as historically accurate, a decision has to be based on the better witnesses. The fact that there are multiple readings here suggests that the original was not well understood. Which reading best explains the rise of the others? It seems that Bethzatha is the best choice.

[5:2]  ⁴ tn Grk “in Hebrew.”

[5:2]  ⁵ tn Or “porticoes,” or “colonnades”; Grk “stoas.”

[7:44]  ⁶ sn Compare John 7:30 regarding the attempt to seize Jesus.

[8:3]  ¹¹ tn Or “The scribes.” The traditional rendering of γραμματεύς (grammateu") as “scribe” does not communicate much to the modern English reader, for whom the term might mean “professional copyist,” if it means anything at all. The people referred to here were recognized experts in the law of Moses and in traditional laws and regulations. Thus “expert in the law” comes closer to the meaning for the modern reader.

[8:3]  ¹² sn See the note on Pharisees in 1:24.

[8:59]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “they took up.”

[8:59]  ¹⁷ sn Jesus’ Jewish listeners understood his claim to deity, rejected it, and picked up stones to throw at him for what they considered blasphemy.

[8:59]  ¹⁸ tc Most later witnesses (A Θ^c Ë^1,13 Ï) have at the end of the verse “passing through their midst, he went away in this manner” (διελθὼν διὰ μέσου καὶ παρῆγεν οὕτως, dielqwn dia mesou kai parhgen {outw"), while many others have similar permutations (so א^1,2 C L N Ψ 070 33 579 892 1241 al). The wording is similar to two other texts: Luke 4:30 (διελθὼν διὰ μέσου; in several mss αὐτῶν ἐπορεύετο καί [autwn eporeueto kai] is found between this phrase and παρῆγεν, strengthening the parallel with Luke 4:30) and John 9:1 (παρῆγεν; cf. παράγων [paragwn] there). The effect is to signal Jesus’ departure as a miraculous cloaking. As such, the additional statement has all the earmarks of scribal amplification. Further, the best and earliest witnesses (Ì^66,75 א* B D W Θ* lat sa) lack these words, rendering the shorter text virtually certain.

[12:15]  ²¹ tn Grk “Do not be afraid, daughter of Zion” (the phrase “daughter of Zion” is an idiom for the inhabitants of Jerusalem: “people of Zion”). The idiom “daughter of Zion” has been translated as “people of Zion” because the original idiom, while firmly embedded in the Christian tradition, is not understandable to most modern English readers.

[12:15]  ²² sn A quotation from Zech 9:9.

[13:25]  ²⁶ tn Grk “he”; the referent (the disciple Jesus loved) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[17:4]  ³¹ tn Or “by finishing” or “by accomplishing.” Jesus now states that he has glorified the Father on earth by finishing (τελειώσας [teleiwsas] is best understood as an adverbial participle of means) the work which the Father had given him to do.

[17:4]  ³² tn Grk “the work that you gave to me so that I may do it.”

[18:4]  ³⁶ tn Grk “knowing all things that were coming upon him.”

[18:4]  ³⁷ tn Grk “Whom do you seek?”

[21:1]  ⁴¹ tn The time reference indicated by μετὰ ταῦτα (meta tauta) is indefinite, in comparison with the specific “after eight days” (μεθ᾿ ἡμέρας ὀκτώ, meq’ Jhmera" oktw) between the two postresurrection appearances of Jesus in 20:26.

[21:1]  ⁴² sn The Sea of Tiberias is another name for the Sea of Galilee (see 6:1).

[21:1]  ⁴³ tn Grk “how he revealed himself.”