John 8:33-41

8:33 “We are descendants ¹  of Abraham,” they replied, ²  “and have never been anyone’s slaves! How can you say, ³  ‘You will become free’?” 8:34 Jesus answered them, “I tell you the solemn truth, ⁴  everyone who practices ⁵  sin is a slave ⁶  of sin. 8:35 The slave does not remain in the family ⁷  forever, but the son remains forever. ⁸  8:36 So if the son ⁹  sets you free, you will be really free. 8:37 I know that you are Abraham’s descendants. ¹⁰  But you want ¹¹  to kill me, because my teaching ¹²  makes no progress among you. ¹³  8:38 I am telling you the things I have seen while with the ¹⁴  Father; ¹⁵  as for you, ¹⁶  practice the things you have heard from the ¹⁷  Father!”

8:39 They answered him, ¹⁸  “Abraham is our father!” ¹⁹  Jesus replied, ²⁰  “If you are ²¹  Abraham’s children, you would be doing ²²  the deeds of Abraham. 8:40 But now you are trying ²³  to kill me, a man who has told you ²⁴  the truth I heard from God. Abraham did not do this! ²⁵  8:41 You people ²⁶  are doing the deeds of your father.”

Then ²⁷  they said to Jesus, ²⁸  “We were not born as a result of immorality! ²⁹  We have only one Father, God himself.”

Matthew 3:9

3:9 and don’t think you can say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father.’ For I tell you that God can raise up children for Abraham from these stones!

Romans 9:7-9

9:7 nor are all the children Abraham’s true descendants; rather “through Isaac will your descendants be counted.” ³⁰  9:8 This means ³¹  it is not the children of the flesh ³²  who are the children of God; rather, the children of promise are counted as descendants. 9:9 For this is what the promise declared: ³³  “About a year from now ³⁴  I will return and Sarah will have a son.” ³⁵ 

[8:33]  ¹ tn Grk “We are the seed” (an idiom).

[8:33]  ² tn Grk “They answered to him.”

[8:33]  ³ tn Or “How is it that you say.”

[8:34]  ⁴ tn Grk “Truly, truly, I say to you.”

[8:34]  ⁵ tn Or “who commits.” This could simply be translated, “everyone who sins,” but the Greek is more emphatic, using the participle ποιῶν (poiwn) in a construction with πᾶς (pas), a typical Johannine construction. Here repeated, continuous action is in view. The one whose lifestyle is characterized by repeated, continuous sin is a slave to sin. That one is not free; sin has enslaved him. To break free from this bondage requires outside (divine) intervention. Although the statement is true at the general level (the person who continually practices a lifestyle of sin is enslaved to sin) the particular sin of the Jewish authorities, repeatedly emphasized in the Fourth Gospel, is the sin of unbelief. The present tense in this instance looks at the continuing refusal on the part of the Jewish leaders to acknowledge who Jesus is, in spite of mounting evidence.

[8:34]  ⁶ tn See the note on the word “slaves” in 4:51.

[8:35]  ⁷ tn Or “household.” The Greek work οἰκία (oikia) can denote the family as consisting of relatives by both descent and marriage, as well as slaves and servants, living in the same house (more the concept of an “extended family”).

[8:35]  ⁸ sn Jesus’ point is that while a slave may be part of a family or household, the slave is not guaranteed a permanent place there, while a son, as a descendant or blood relative, will always be guaranteed a place in the family (remains forever).

[8:36]  ⁹ tn Or “Son.” The question is whether “son” is to be understood as a direct reference to Jesus himself, or as an indirect reference (a continuation of the generic illustration begun in the previous verse).

[8:37]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “seed” (an idiom).

[8:37]  ¹¹ tn Grk “you are seeking.”

[8:37]  ¹² tn Grk “my word.”

[8:37]  ¹³ tn Or “finds no place in you.” The basic idea seems to be something (in this case Jesus’ teaching) making headway or progress where resistance is involved. See BDAG 1094 s.v. χωρέω 2.

[8:38]  ¹⁴ tc The first person pronoun μου (mou, “my”) may be implied, especially if ὑμῶν (Jumwn, “your”) follows the second mention of “father” in this verse (as it does in the majority of mss); no doubt this implication gave rise to the reading μου found in most witnesses (א D Θ Ψ 0250 Ë^1,13 33 Ï it sy). No pronoun here is read by Ì^66,75 B C L 070 pc. This problem cannot be isolated from the second in the verse, however. See that discussion below.

[8:38]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “The things which I have seen with the Father I speak about.”

[8:38]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “and you.”

[8:38]  ¹⁷ tc A few significant witnesses lack ὑμῶν (Jumwn, “your”) here (Ì^66,75 B L W 070 pc), while the majority have the pronoun (א C D Θ Ψ 0250 Ë^1,13 33 565 892 Ï al lat sy). However, these mss do not agree on the placement of the pronoun: τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν ποιεῖτε (tou patro" Jumwn poieite), τῷ πατρὶ ὑμῶν (tw patri Jumwn), and τῷ πατρὶ ὑμῶν ταῦτα (tw patri Jumwn tauta) all occur. If the pronoun is read, then the devil is in view and the text should be translated as “you are practicing the things you have heard from your father.” If it is not read, then the same Father mentioned in the first part of the verse is in view. In this case, ποιεῖτε should be taken as an imperative: “you [must] practice the things you have heard from the Father.” The omission is decidedly the harder reading, both because the contrast between God and the devil is now delayed until v. 41, and because ποιεῖτε could be read as an indicative, especially since the two clauses are joined by καί (kai, “and”). Thus, the pronoun looks to be a motivated reading. In light of the better external and internal evidence the omission is preferred.

[8:39]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “They answered and said to him.”

[8:39]  ¹⁹ tn Or “Our father is Abraham.”

[8:39]  ²⁰ tn Grk “Jesus said to them.”

[8:39]  ²¹ tc Although most mss (C W Θ Ψ 0250 Ë^1,13 33 Ï) have the imperfect ἦτε (hte, “you were”) here, making this sentence a proper second class condition, the harder reading, ἐστε (este, “you are”), is found in the better witnesses (Ì^66,75 א B D L 070 pc lat).

[8:39]  ²² tc Some important mss (Ì⁶⁶ B* [700]) have the present imperative ποιεῖτε (poieite) here: “If you are Abraham’s children, then do,” while many others (א² C K L N Δ Ψ Ë^1,13 33 565 579 892 pm) add the contingent particle ἄν (an) to ἐποιεῖτε (epoieite) making it a more proper second class condition by Attic standards. The simple ἐποιεῖτε without the ἄν is the hardest reading, and is found in some excellent witnesses (Ì⁷⁵ א* B² D W Γ Θ 070 0250 1424 pm).

[8:40]  ²³ tn Grk “seeking.”

[8:40]  ²⁴ tn Grk “has spoken to you.”

[8:40]  ²⁵ tn The Greek word order is emphatic: “This Abraham did not do.” The emphasis is indicated in the translation by an exclamation point.

[8:41]  ²⁶ tn The word “people” is not in the Greek text, but is supplied in English to clarify the plural Greek pronoun and verb.

[8:41]  ²⁷ tc ‡ Important and early witnesses (א B L W 070 it sy^s,p co) lack the conjunction here, while the earliest witnesses along with many others read οὖν (oun, “therefore”; Ì^66,75 C D Θ Ψ 0250 ˹³ 33 Ï). This conjunction occurs in John some 200 times, far more than in any other NT book. Even though the combined testimony of two early papyri for the conjunction is impressive, the reading seems to be a predictable scribal emendation. In particular, οὖν is frequently used with the plural of εἶπον (eipon, “they said”) in John (in this chapter alone, note vv. 13, 39, 48, 57, and possibly 52). On balance, it is probably best to consider the shorter reading as authentic, even though “Then” is virtually required in translation for English stylistic reasons. NA²⁷ has the conjunction in brackets, indicating some doubt as to its authenticity.

[8:41]  ²⁸ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) is specified in the translation for clarity.

[8:41]  ²⁹ sn We were not born as a result of immorality! is ironic, because Jesus’ opponents implied that it was not themselves but Jesus who had been born as a result of immoral behavior. This shows they did not know Jesus’ true origin and were not aware of the supernatural events surrounding his birth. The author does not even bother to refute the opponents’ suggestion but lets it stand, assuming his readers will know the true story.

[9:7]  ³⁰ tn Grk “be called.” The emphasis here is upon God’s divine sovereignty in choosing Isaac as the child through whom Abraham’s lineage would be counted as opposed to Ishmael.

[9:8]  ³¹ tn Grk “That is,” or “That is to say.”

[9:8]  ³² tn Because it forms the counterpoint to “the children of promise” the expression “children of the flesh” has been retained in the translation.

[9:9]  ³³ tn Grk “For this is the word of promise.”

[9:9]  ³⁴ tn Grk “About this time I will return.” Since this refers to the time when the promised child would be born, it would be approximately a year later.

[9:9]  ³⁵ sn A quotation from Gen 18:10, 14.