Joshua 10:26-28

10:26 Then Joshua executed them ¹  and hung them on five trees. They were left hanging on the trees until evening. 10:27 At sunset Joshua ordered his men to take them down from the trees. ²  They threw them into the cave where they had hidden and piled large stones over the mouth of the cave. (They remain to this very day.) ³ 

Joshua Launches a Southern Campaign

10:28 That day Joshua captured Makkedah and put the sword to it and its king. He annihilated everyone who lived in it; he left no survivors. He did to its king what he had done to the king of Jericho. ⁴ 

Joshua 10:30

10:30 The Lord handed it and its king over to Israel, and Israel ⁵  put the sword to all who lived there; they ⁶  left no survivors. They ⁷  did to its king what they ⁸  had done to the king of Jericho. ⁹ 

Joshua 10:33

10:33 Then King Horam of Gezer came up to help Lachish, but Joshua struck down him and his army ¹⁰  until no survivors remained.

Deuteronomy 21:22-23

Disposition of a Criminal’s Remains

21:22 If a person commits a sin punishable by death and is executed, and you hang the corpse ¹¹  on a tree, 21:23 his body must not remain all night on the tree; instead you must make certain you bury ¹²  him that same day, for the one who is left exposed ¹³  on a tree is cursed by God. ¹⁴  You must not defile your land which the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance.

Esther 7:10

7:10 So they hanged Haman on the very gallows that he had prepared for Mordecai. The king’s rage then abated.

Psalms 107:40

107:40 He would pour ¹⁵  contempt upon princes,

and he made them wander in a wasteland with no road.

Psalms 110:5

110:5 O sovereign Lord, ¹⁶  at your right hand

he strikes down ¹⁷  kings in the day he unleashes his anger. ¹⁸ 

Acts 12:23

12:23 Immediately an angel of the Lord ¹⁹  struck ²⁰  Herod ²¹  down because he did not give the glory to God, and he was eaten by worms and died. ²² 

Revelation 19:17-18

19:17 Then ²³  I saw one angel standing in ²⁴  the sun, and he shouted in a loud voice to all the birds flying high in the sky: ²⁵ 

“Come, gather around for the great banquet ²⁶  of God,

19:18 to eat ²⁷  your fill ²⁸  of the flesh of kings,

the flesh of generals, ²⁹ 

the flesh of powerful people,

the flesh of horses and those who ride them,

and the flesh of all people, both free and slave, ³⁰ 

and small and great!”

[10:26]  ¹ tn Heb “struck them down and killed them.”

[10:27]  ² sn For the legal background of the removal of the corpses before sundown, see Deut 21:22-23.

[10:27]  ³ tn Heb “to this very day.” The words “They remain” are supplied in the translation for clarification.

[10:28]  ⁴ map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.

[10:30]  ⁵ tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).

[10:30]  ⁶ tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).

[10:30]  ⁷ tn Heb “He”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).

[10:30]  ⁸ tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).

[10:30]  ⁹ map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.

[10:33]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “people.”

[21:22]  ¹¹ tn Heb “him.”

[21:23]  ¹² tn The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute for emphasis, which the translation indicates by “make certain.”

[21:23]  ¹³ tn Heb “hung,” but this could convey the wrong image in English (hanging with a rope as a means of execution). Cf. NCV “anyone whose body is displayed on a tree.”

[21:23]  ¹⁴ sn The idea behind the phrase cursed by God seems to be not that the person was impaled because he was cursed but that to leave him exposed there was to invite the curse of God upon the whole land. Why this would be so is not clear, though the rabbinic idea that even a criminal is created in the image of God may give some clue (thus J. H. Tigay, Deuteronomy [JPSTC], 198). Paul cites this text (see Gal 3:13) to make the point that Christ, suspended from a cross, thereby took upon himself the curse associated with such a display of divine wrath and judgment (T. George, Galatians [NAC], 238-39).

[107:40]  ¹⁵ tn The active participle is understood as past durative here, drawing attention to typical action in a past time frame. However, it could be taken as generalizing (in which case one should translate using the English present tense), in which case the psalmist moves from narrative to present reality. Perhaps the participial form appears because the statement is lifted from Job 12:21.

[110:5]  ¹⁶ tn As pointed in the Hebrew text, this title refers to God (many medieval Hebrew mss read יְהוָה, yehveh, “Lord” here). The present translation assumes that the psalmist here addresses the Lord as he celebrates what the king is able to accomplish while positioned at God’s “right hand.” According to this view the king is the subject of the third person verb forms in vv. 5b-7. (2) Another option is to understand the king as the addressee (as in vv. 2-3). In this case “the Lord” is the subject of the third person verbs throughout vv. 5-7 and is depicted as a warrior in a very anthropomorphic manner. In this case the Lord is pictured as being at the psalmist’s right hand (just the opposite of v. 1). See Pss 16:8; 121:5. (3) A third option is to revocalize אֲדֹנָי (’adonay, “Lord”) as אֲדֹנִי (’adoniy, “my lord”; see v. 1). In this case one may translate, “My lord, at his [God’s] right hand, strikes down.” In this case the king is the subject of the third person verbs in vv. 5b-7.

[110:5]  ¹⁷ tn The perfect verbal forms in vv. 5-6 are understood here as descriptive-dramatic or as generalizing. Another option is to take them as rhetorical. In this case the psalmist describes anticipated events as if they had already taken place.

[110:5]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “in the day of his anger.”

[12:23]  ¹⁹ tn Or “the angel of the Lord.” See the note on the word “Lord” in 5:19.

[12:23]  ²⁰ sn On being struck…down by an angel, see Acts 23:3; 1 Sam 25:28; 2 Sam 12:15; 2 Kgs 19:35; 2 Chr 13:20; 2 Macc 9:5.

[12:23]  ²¹ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Herod) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[12:23]  ²² sn He was eaten by worms and died. Josephus, Ant. 19.8.2 (19.343-352), states that Herod Agrippa I died at Caesarea in a.d. 44. The account by Josephus, while not identical to Luke’s account, is similar in many respects: On the second day of a festival, Herod Agrippa appeared in the theater with a robe made of silver. When it sparkled in the sun, the people cried out flatteries and declared him to be a god. The king, carried away by the flattery, saw an owl (an omen of death) sitting on a nearby rope, and immediately was struck with severe stomach pains. He was carried off to his house and died five days later. The two accounts can be reconciled without difficulty, since while Luke states that Herod was immediately struck down by an angel, his death could have come several days later. The mention of worms with death adds a humiliating note to the scene. The formerly powerful ruler had been thoroughly reduced to nothing (cf. Jdt 16:17; 2 Macc 9:9; cf. also Josephus, Ant. 17.6.5 [17.168-170], which details the sickness which led to Herod the Great’s death).

[19:17]  ²³ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

[19:17]  ²⁴ tn The precise significance of ἐν (en) here is difficult to determine.

[19:17]  ²⁵ tn On μεσουρανήματι (mesouranhmati) here see L&N 1.10: “high in the sky, midpoint in the sky, directly overhead, straight above in the sky.” The birds mentioned here are carrion birds like vultures, circling high overhead, and now being summoned to feast on the corpses.

[19:17]  ²⁶ tn This is the same Greek word (δεῖπνον, deipnon) used in 19:9.

[19:18]  ²⁷ tn The ἵνα (Jina) clause, insofar as it is related to the first imperative, has the force of an imperative.

[19:18]  ²⁸ tn The idea of eating “your fill” is evident in the context with the use of χορτάζω (cortazw) in v. 21.

[19:18]  ²⁹ tn Grk “chiliarchs”; normally a chiliarch was a military officer commanding a thousand soldiers, but here probably used of higher-ranking commanders like generals (see L&N 55.15; cf. Rev 6:15).

[19:18]  ³⁰ tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.