Discovery BoxJoshua 22:1-28
Context22:1 Then Joshua summoned the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh 22:2 and told them: “You have carried out all the instructions of Moses the Lord’s servant, and you have obeyed all I have told you. 1 22:3 You have not abandoned your fellow Israelites 2 this entire time, 3 right up to this very day. You have completed the task given you by the Lord your God. 4 22:4 Now the Lord your God has made your fellow Israelites secure, 5 just as he promised them. So now you may turn around and go to your homes 6 in your own land 7 which Moses the Lord’s servant assigned to you east of the Jordan. 22:5 But carefully obey the commands and instructions Moses the Lord’s servant gave you. Love 8 the Lord your God, follow all his instructions, 9 obey 10 his commands, be loyal to him, 11 and serve him with all your heart and being!” 12
22:6 Joshua rewarded 13 them and sent them on their way; they returned to their homes. 14 22:7 (Now to one half-tribe of Manasseh, Moses had assigned land in Bashan; and to the other half Joshua had assigned land on the west side of the Jordan with their fellow Israelites.) When Joshua sent them home, 15 he rewarded 16 them, 22:8 saying, “Take home 17 great wealth, a lot of cattle, 18 silver, gold, bronze, iron, and a lot of 19 clothing. Divide up the goods captured from your enemies with your brothers.” 22:9 So the Reubenites, Gadites, and half-tribe of Manasseh left the Israelites in Shiloh in the land of Canaan and headed home to their own land in Gilead, 20 which they acquired by the Lord’s command through Moses.
22:10 The Reubenites, Gadites, and half-tribe of Manasseh came to Geliloth near the Jordan in the land of Canaan and built there, near the Jordan, an impressive altar. 21 22:11 The Israelites received this report: 22 “Look, the Reubenites, Gadites, and half-tribe of Manasseh have built an altar at the entrance to 23 the land of Canaan, at Geliloth near the Jordan on the Israelite side.” 22:12 When the Israelites heard this, the entire Israelite community assembled at Shiloh to launch an attack against them. 24
22:13 The Israelites sent Phinehas, son of Eleazar, the priest, to the land of Gilead to the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh. 22:14 He was accompanied by ten leaders, one from each of the Israelite tribes, each one a family leader among the Israelite clans. 25 22:15 They went to the land of Gilead to the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, and said to them: 22:16 “The entire community of the Lord says, ‘Why have you disobeyed the God of Israel by turning back today from following the Lord? You built an altar for yourselves and have rebelled today against the Lord. 26 22:17 The sin we committed at Peor was bad enough. To this very day we have not purified ourselves; it even brought a plague on the community of the Lord. 27 22:18 Now today you dare to turn back 28 from following the Lord! You are rebelling today against the Lord; tomorrow he may break out in anger against 29 the entire community of Israel. 22:19 But if your own land 30 is impure, 31 cross over to the Lord’s own land, 32 where the Lord himself lives, 33 and settle down among us. 34 But don’t rebel against the Lord or us 35 by building for yourselves an altar aside from the altar of the Lord our God. 22:20 When Achan son of Zerah disobeyed the command about the city’s riches, the entire Israelite community was judged, 36 though only one man had sinned. He most certainly died for his sin!’” 37
22:21 The Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh answered the leaders 38 of the Israelite clans: 22:22 “El, God, the Lord! 39 El, God, the Lord! He knows the truth! 40 Israel must also know! If we have rebelled or disobeyed the Lord, 41 don’t spare us 42 today! 22:23 If we have built 43 an altar for ourselves to turn back from following the Lord by making 44 burnt sacrifices and grain offerings on it, or by offering 45 tokens of peace 46 on it, the Lord himself will punish us. 47 22:24 We swear we have done this because we were worried that 48 in the future your descendants would say to our descendants, ‘What relationship do you have with the Lord God of Israel? 49 22:25 The Lord made the Jordan a boundary between us and you Reubenites and Gadites. You have no right to worship the Lord.’ 50 In this way your descendants might cause our descendants to stop obeying 51 the Lord. 22:26 So we decided to build this altar, not for burnt offerings and sacrifices, 22:27 but as a reminder to us and you, 52 and to our descendants who follow us, that we will honor the Lord in his very presence 53 with burnt offerings, sacrifices, and tokens of peace. 54 Then in the future your descendants will not be able to say to our descendants, ‘You have no right to worship the Lord.’ 55 22:28 We said, ‘If in the future they say such a thing 56 to us or to our descendants, we will reply, “See the model of the Lord’s altar that our ancestors 57 made, not for burnt offerings or sacrifices, but as a reminder to us and you.”’ 58
[22:2] 1 tn Heb “You have kept all which Moses, the
[22:3] 2 tn Heb “your brothers” (also in vv. 4, 7), but this does not refer to siblings or necessarily even to relatives. It refers to the Israelites of the remaining tribes.
[22:3] 3 tn Heb “these many days.”
[22:3] 4 tn Heb “you have kept the charge of the command of the
[22:4] 5 tn Heb “has given rest to your brothers.”
[22:4] 7 tn Heb “the land of your possession.”
[22:5] 8 tn Heb “But be very careful to do the commandment and the law which Moses, the
[22:5] 9 tn Heb “walk in all his paths.”
[22:6] 13 tn Heb “blessed.” However, see v. 8, where rewards are given.
[22:6] 14 tn Heb “and they went to their tents.”
[22:7] 15 tn Heb “to their tents.”
[22:8] 17 tn Heb “return to your tents with.”
[22:8] 18 tn Heb “very many cattle.”
[22:8] 19 tn Heb “very much clothing.”
[22:9] 20 tn Heb “returned and went from the sons of Israel, from Shiloh which is in the land of Canaan, to go to the land of Gilead, to the land of their possession.”
[22:10] 21 tn Heb “and they went to Geliloth of the Jordan which is in the land of Canaan, and the sons of Reuben, the sons of Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh built there an altar near the Jordan, an altar great with respect to appearance.”
[22:11] 22 tn Heb “the sons of Israel heard, saying.”
[22:11] 23 tn Heb “toward the front of.”
[22:12] 24 tn Heb “to go up against them for battle.”
[22:14] 25 tn Heb “ten leaders with him, one leader, one leader for a paternal house, for all the tribes of Israel, and each a head of the house of their father, they belong to the clans of Israel.”
[22:16] 26 tn Heb “What is this unfaithfulness with which you have been unfaithful against the God of Israel, turning today from after the
[22:17] 27 tn Heb “Was the sin of Peor too insignificant for us, from which we have not made purification to this day? And there was a plague in the assembly of the
[22:18] 28 tn Heb “you are turning back.”
[22:18] 29 tn Or “he will be angry with.”
[22:19] 30 tn Heb “the land of your possession.”
[22:19] 31 sn The western tribes here imagine a possible motive for the action of the eastern tribes. T. C. Butler explains the significance of the land’s “impurity”: “East Jordan is impure because it is not Yahweh’s possession. Rather it is simply ‘your possession.’ That means it is land where Yahweh does not live, land which his presence has not sanctified and purified” (Joshua [WBC], 247).
[22:19] 32 tn Heb “the land of the possession of the
[22:19] 33 tn Heb “where the dwelling place of the
[22:19] 34 tn Heb “and take for yourselves in our midst.”
[22:19] 35 tc Heb “and us to you rebel.” The reading of the MT, the accusative sign with suffix (וְאֹתָנוּ, vÿ’otanu), is problematic with the verb “rebel” (מָרַד, marad). Many Hebrew
[22:20] 36 tn Heb “Is it not [true that] Achan son of Zerah was unfaithful with unfaithfulness concerning what was set apart [to the
[22:20] 37 tn The second half of the verse reads literally, “and he [was] one man, he did not die for his sin.” There are at least two possible ways to explain this statement: (1) One might interpret the statement to mean that Achan was not the only person who died for his sin. In this case it could be translated, “and he was not the only one to die because of his sin.” (2) Another option, the one reflected in the translation, is to take the words וְהוּא אִישׁ אֶחָד (vÿhu’ ’ish ’ekhad, “and he [was] one man”) as a concessive clause and join it with what precedes. The remaining words (לֹא גָוַע בַּעֲוֹנוֹ, lo’ gava’ ba’avono) must then be taken as a rhetorical question (“Did he not die for his sin?”). Taking the last sentence as interrogative is consistent with the first part of the verse, a rhetorical question introduced with the interrogative particle. The present translation has converted these rhetorical questions into affirmative statements to bring out more clearly the points they are emphasizing. For further discussion, see T. C. Butler, Joshua (WBC), 240.
[22:21] 38 tn Heb “answered and spoke to the heads of.”
[22:22] 39 sn Israel’s God is here identified with three names: (1) אֵל (’el), “El” (or “God”); (2) אֱלֹהִים (’elohim), “Elohim” (or “God”), and (3) יְהוָה (yÿhvah), “Yahweh” (or “the
[22:22] 41 tn Heb “if in rebellion or if in unfaithfulness against the
[22:22] 42 tn Heb “do not save us.” The verb form is singular, being addressed to either collective Israel or the Lord himself. The LXX translates in the third person.
[22:23] 43 tn Heb “by building.” The prepositional phrase may be subordinated to what precedes, “if in unfaithfulness…by building.”
[22:23] 44 tn Heb “or if to offer up.”
[22:23] 45 tn Heb “or if to make.”
[22:23] 46 tn Or “peace offerings.”
[22:23] 47 tn Heb “the
[22:24] 48 tn Heb “Surely, from worry concerning a matter we have done this, saying.”
[22:24] 49 tn Heb “What is there to you and to the
[22:25] 50 tn Heb “You have no portion in the
[22:27] 52 tn Heb “but it is a witness between us and you.”
[22:27] 53 tn Heb “to do the service of the
[22:27] 54 tn Or “peace offerings.”
[22:27] 55 tn Heb “You have no portion in the
[22:28] 56 tn The words “such a thing” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
