Luke 1:10-15

1:10 Now ¹  the whole crowd ²  of people were praying outside at the hour of the incense offering. ³  1:11 An ⁴  angel of the Lord, ⁵  standing on the right side of the altar of incense, appeared ⁶  to him. 1:12 And Zechariah, visibly shaken when he saw the angel, ⁷  was seized with fear. ⁸  1:13 But the angel said to him, “Do not be afraid, Zechariah, for your prayer has been heard, ⁹  and your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son; you ¹⁰  will name him John. ¹¹  1:14 Joy and gladness will come ¹²  to you, and many will rejoice at ¹³  his birth, ¹⁴  1:15 for he will be great in the sight of ¹⁵  the Lord. He ¹⁶  must never drink wine or strong drink, and he will be filled with the Holy Spirit, even before his birth. ¹⁷ 

[1:10]  ¹ tn Grk “And,” but “now” better represents the somewhat parenthetical nature of this statement in the flow of the narrative.

[1:10]  ² tn Grk “all the multitude.” While “assembly” is sometimes used here to translate πλῆθος (plhqo"), that term usually implies in English a specific or particular group of people. However, this was simply a large group gathered outside, which was not unusual, especially for the afternoon offering.

[1:10]  ³ tn The “hour of the incense offering” is another way to refer to the time of sacrifice.

[1:11]  ⁴ tn Grk “And an angel.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, δέ (de) has not been translated here.

[1:11]  ⁵ tn Or “the angel of the Lord.” Linguistically, “angel of the Lord” is the same in both testaments (and thus, he is either “an angel of the Lord” or “the angel of the Lord” in both testaments). For arguments and implications, see ExSyn 252; M. J. Davidson, “Angels,” DJG, 9; W. G. MacDonald argues for “an angel” in both testaments: “Christology and ‘The Angel of the Lord’,” Current Issues in Biblical and Patristic Interpretation, 324-35.

[1:11]  ⁶ sn This term is often used to describe a supernatural appearance (24:34; Acts 2:3; 7:2, 30, 35; 9:17; 13:31; 16:9; 26:16).

[1:12]  ⁷ tn The words “the angel” are not in the Greek text, but are implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.

[1:12]  ⁸ tn Or “and he was afraid”; Grk “fear fell upon him.” Fear is common when supernatural agents appear (1:29-30, 65; 2:9; 5:8-10; 9:34; 24:38; Exod 15:16; Judg 6:22-23; 13:6, 22; 2 Sam 6:9).

[1:13]  ⁹ tn The passive means that the prayer was heard by God.

[1:13]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “a son, and you”; καί (kai) has not been translated. Instead a semicolon is used in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[1:13]  ¹¹ tn Grk “you will call his name John.” The future tense here functions like a command (see ExSyn 569-70). This same construction occurs in v. 31.

[1:14]  ¹² tn Grk “This will be joy and gladness.”

[1:14]  ¹³ tn Or “because of.”

[1:14]  ¹⁴ tn “At his birth” is more precise as the grammatical subject (1:58), though “at his coming” is a possible force, since it is his mission, as the following verses note, that will really bring joy.

[1:15]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “before.”

[1:15]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “and he”; because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the conjunction καί (kai) has not been translated here. Instead a new English sentence is begun in the translation.

[1:15]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “even from his mother’s womb.” While this idiom may be understood to refer to the point of birth (“even from his birth”), Luke 1:41 suggests that here it should be understood to refer to a time before birth.