Luke 15:25-30

15:25 “Now his older son was in the field. As ¹  he came and approached the house, he heard music ²  and dancing. 15:26 So ³  he called one of the slaves ⁴  and asked what was happening. 15:27 The slave replied, ⁵  ‘Your brother has returned, and your father has killed the fattened calf ⁶  because he got his son ⁷  back safe and sound.’ 15:28 But the older son ⁸  became angry ⁹  and refused ¹⁰  to go in. His father came out and appealed to him, 15:29 but he answered ¹¹  his father, ‘Look! These many years I have worked like a slave ¹²  for you, and I never disobeyed your commands. Yet ¹³  you never gave me even a goat ¹⁴  so that I could celebrate with my friends! 15:30 But when this son of yours ¹⁵  came back, who has devoured ¹⁶  your assets with prostitutes, ¹⁷  you killed the fattened calf ¹⁸  for him!’

[15:25]  ¹ tn Grk “And as.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[15:25]  ² sn This would have been primarily instrumental music, but might include singing as well.

[15:26]  ³ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the result of the older son hearing the noise of the celebration in progress.

[15:26]  ⁴ tn The Greek term here, παῖς (pais), describes a slave, possibly a household servant regarded with some affection (L&N 87.77).

[15:27]  ⁵ tn Grk “And he said to him.” Here δέ (de) has not been translated. The rest of the phrase has been simplified to “the slave replied,” with the referent (the slave) specified in the translation for clarity.

[15:27]  ⁶ tn See note on the phrase “fattened calf” in v. 23.

[15:27]  ⁷ tn Grk “him”; the referent (the younger son) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[15:28]  ⁸ tn Grk “he”; the referent (the older son, v. 25) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[15:28]  ⁹ tn The aorist verb ὠργίσθη (wrgisqh) has been translated as an ingressive aorist, reflecting entry into a state or condition.

[15:28]  ¹⁰ sn Ironically the attitude of the older son has left him outside and without joy.

[15:29]  ¹¹ tn Grk “but answering, he said.” This is somewhat redundant in contemporary English and has been simplified to “but he answered.”

[15:29]  ¹² tn Or simply, “have served,” but in the emotional context of the older son’s outburst the translation given is closer to the point.

[15:29]  ¹³ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to bring out the contrast indicated by the context.

[15:29]  ¹⁴ sn You never gave me even a goat. The older son’s complaint was that the generous treatment of the younger son was not fair: “I can’t get even a little celebration with a basic food staple like a goat!”

[15:30]  ¹⁵ sn Note the younger son is not “my brother” but this son of yours (an expression with a distinctly pejorative nuance).

[15:30]  ¹⁶ sn This is another graphic description. The younger son’s consumption had been like a glutton. He had both figuratively and literally devoured the assets which were given to him.

[15:30]  ¹⁷ sn The charge concerning the prostitutes is unproven, but essentially the older brother accuses the father of committing an injustice by rewarding his younger son’s unrighteous behavior.

[15:30]  ¹⁸ sn See note on the phrase “fattened calf” in v. 23.