Luke 2:41-42

Jesus in the Temple

2:41 Now ¹  Jesus’ ²  parents went to Jerusalem ³  every ⁴  year for the feast of the Passover. ⁵  2:42 When ⁶  he was twelve years old, ⁷  they went up ⁸  according to custom.

Luke 3:23

The Genealogy of Jesus

3:23 So ⁹  Jesus, when he began his ministry, ¹⁰  was about thirty years old. He was ¹¹  the son (as was supposed) ¹²  of Joseph, the son ¹³  of Heli,

Luke 8:43

8:43 Now ¹⁴  a woman was there who had been suffering from a hemorrhage ¹⁵  for twelve years ¹⁶  but could not be healed by anyone.

Luke 2:36-37

The Testimony of Anna

2:36 There was also a prophetess, Anna the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher. She was very old, ¹⁷  having been married to her husband for seven years until his death. 2:37 She had lived as a widow since then for eighty-four years. ¹⁸  She never left the temple, worshiping with fasting and prayer night and day. ¹⁹ 

Luke 8:42

8:42 because he had an only daughter, about twelve years old, and she was dying. ²⁰ 

As Jesus was on his way, the crowds pressed ²¹  around him.

Luke 12:19

12:19 And I will say to myself, ²²  “You have plenty of goods stored up for many years; relax, eat, drink, celebrate!”’

Luke 13:8

13:8 But the worker ²³  answered him, ‘Sir, leave it alone this year too, until I dig around it and put fertilizer ²⁴  on it.

Luke 13:11

13:11 and a woman was there ²⁵  who had been disabled by a spirit ²⁶  for eighteen years. She ²⁷  was bent over and could not straighten herself up completely. ²⁸ 

Luke 4:25

4:25 But in truth I tell you, there were many widows in Israel in Elijah’s days, ²⁹  when the sky ³⁰  was shut up three and a half years, and ³¹  there was a great famine over all the land.

Luke 13:7

13:7 So ³²  he said to the worker who tended the vineyard, ‘For ³³  three years ³⁴  now, I have come looking for fruit on this fig tree, and each time I inspect it ³⁵  I find none. Cut ³⁶  it down! Why ³⁷  should it continue to deplete ³⁸  the soil?’

Luke 13:16

13:16 Then ³⁹  shouldn’t ⁴⁰  this woman, a daughter of Abraham whom Satan ⁴¹  bound for eighteen long ⁴²  years, be released from this imprisonment ⁴³  on the Sabbath day?”

Luke 15:29

15:29 but he answered ⁴⁴  his father, ‘Look! These many years I have worked like a slave ⁴⁵  for you, and I never disobeyed your commands. Yet ⁴⁶  you never gave me even a goat ⁴⁷  so that I could celebrate with my friends!

Luke 3:1

The Ministry of John the Baptist

3:1 In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, ⁴⁸  when Pontius Pilate ⁴⁹  was governor of Judea, and Herod ⁵⁰  was tetrarch ⁵¹  of Galilee, and his brother Philip ⁵²  was tetrarch of the region of Iturea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias ⁵³  was tetrarch of Abilene,

[2:41]  ¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.

[2:41]  ² tn Grk “his”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[2:41]  ³ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[2:41]  ⁴ tn On the distributive use of the term κατά (kata), see BDF §305.

[2:41]  ⁵ sn The custom of Jesus and his family going to Jerusalem every year for the feast of the Passover shows their piety in obeying the law (Exod 23:14-17).

[2:42]  ⁶ tn Grk “And when.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[2:42]  ⁷ sn According to the Mishnah, the age of twelve years old is one year before a boy becomes responsible for his religious commitments (m. Niddah 5.6).

[2:42]  ⁸ tc Most mss, especially later ones (A C^vid Θ Ψ 0130 Ë^1,13 33 Ï lat) have εἰς ῾Ιεροσόλυμα (eij" &ierosoluma, “to Jerusalem”) here, but the ms support for the omission is much stronger (א B D L W 579 1241 pc co); further, the longer reading clarifies what they went up to and thus looks like a motivated reading.

[3:23]  ¹¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the summary nature of the statement.

[3:23]  ¹² tn The words “his ministry” are not in the Greek text, but are implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context, but must be supplied for the contemporary English reader.

[3:23]  ¹³ tn Grk “of age, being.” Due to the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the participle ὤν (wn) has been translated as a finite verb with the pronoun “he” supplied as subject, and a new sentence begun in the translation at this point.

[3:23]  ¹⁴ sn The parenthetical remark as was supposed makes it clear that Joseph was not the biological father of Jesus. But a question still remains whose genealogy this is. Mary is nowhere mentioned, so this may simply refer to the line of Joseph, who would have functioned as Jesus’ legal father, much like stepchildren can have when they are adopted by a second parent.

[3:23]  ¹⁵ tc Several of the names in the list have alternate spellings in the ms tradition, but most of these are limited to a few mss. Only significant differences are considered in the notes through v. 38.

[8:43]  ¹⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.

[8:43]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “a flow of blood.”

[8:43]  ¹⁸ tc ‡ Most mss, including the majority of later mss (א[* C] A L W Θ Ξ [Ψ] Ë^1,13 33 [1424] Ï [lat sy^c,p,h]) read here, “having spent all her money on doctors.” Uncertainty over its authenticity is due primarily to the fact that certain important witnesses do not have the phrase (e.g., Ì⁷⁵ B [D] 0279 sy^s sa Or). This evidence alone renders its authenticity unlikely. It may have been intentionally added by later scribes in order to harmonize Luke’s account with similar material in Mark 5:26 (see TCGNT 121). NA²⁷ includes the words in brackets, indicating doubt as to their authenticity.

[2:36]  ²¹ tn Her age is emphasized by the Greek phrase here, “she was very old in her many days.”

[2:37]  ²⁶ tn Grk “living with her husband for seven years from her virginity and she was a widow for eighty four years.” The chronology of the eighty-four years is unclear, since the final phrase could mean “she was widowed until the age of eighty-four” (so BDAG 423 s.v. ἕως 1.b.α). However, the more natural way to take the syntax is as a reference to the length of her widowhood, the subject of the clause, in which case Anna was about 105 years old (so D. L. Bock, Luke [BECNT], 1:251-52; I. H. Marshall, Luke, [NIGTC], 123-24).

[2:37]  ²⁷ sn The statements about Anna worshiping with fasting and prayer night and day make her extreme piety clear.

[8:42]  ³¹ tn This imperfect verb could be understood ingressively: “she was beginning to die” or “was approaching death.”

[8:42]  ³² sn Pressed is a very emphatic term – the crowds were pressing in so hard that one could hardly breathe (L&N 19.48).

[12:19]  ³⁶ tn Grk “to my soul,” which is repeated as a vocative in the following statement, but is left untranslated as redundant.

[13:8]  ⁴¹ tn Grk “he”; the referent (the worker who tended the vineyard) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[13:8]  ⁴² tn Grk “toss manure [on it].” This is a reference to manure used as fertilizer.

[13:11]  ⁴⁶ tn Grk “and behold, a woman.” The Greek word ἰδού (idou) at the beginning of this statement has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1).

[13:11]  ⁴⁷ tn Grk “a woman having a spirit of weakness” (or “a spirit of infirmity”).

[13:11]  ⁴⁸ tn Grk “years, and.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[13:11]  ⁴⁹ tn Or “and could not straighten herself up at all.” If εἰς τὸ παντελές (ei" to pantele") is understood to modify δυναμένη (dunamenh), the meaning is “she was not able at all to straighten herself up”; but the phrase may be taken with ἀνακύψαι (anakuyai) and understood to mean the same as the adverb παντελῶς (pantelws), with the meaning “she was not able to straighten herself up completely.” See BDAG 754 s.v. παντελής 1 for further discussion. The second option is preferred in the translation because of proximity: The phrase in question follows ἀνακύψαι in the Greek text.

[4:25]  ⁵¹ sn Elijah’s days. Jesus, by discussing Elijah and Elisha, pictures one of the lowest periods in Israel’s history. These examples, along with v. 24, also show that Jesus is making prophetic claims as well as messianic ones. See 1 Kgs 17-18.

[4:25]  ⁵² tn Or “the heaven”; the Greek word οὐρανός (ouranos) may be translated “sky” or “heaven,” depending on the context. Since the context here refers to a drought (which produced the famine), “sky” is preferable.

[4:25]  ⁵³ tn Grk “as.” The particle ὡς can also function temporally (see BDAG 1105-6 s.v. 8).

[13:7]  ⁵⁶ tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate the man’s response as a result of the lack of figs in the preceding clause.

[13:7]  ⁵⁷ tn Grk “Behold, for.”

[13:7]  ⁵⁸ sn The elapsed time could be six years total since planting, since often a fig was given three years before one even started to look for fruit. The point in any case is that enough time had been given to expect fruit.

[13:7]  ⁵⁹ tn The phrase “each time I inspect it” is not in the Greek text but has been supplied to indicate the customary nature of the man’s search for fruit.

[13:7]  ⁶⁰ tc ‡ Several witnesses (Ì⁷⁵ A L Θ Ψ 070 ˹³ 33 579 892 al lat co) have “therefore” (οὖν, oun) here. This conjunction has the effect of strengthening the logical connection with the preceding statement but also of reducing the rhetorical power and urgency of the imperative. In light of the slightly greater internal probability of adding a conjunction to an otherwise asyndetic sentence, as well as significant external support for the omission (א B D W ˹ Ï), the shorter reading appears to be more likely as the original wording here. NA²⁷ puts the conjunction in brackets, indicating some doubts as to its authenticity.

[13:7]  ⁶¹ tn Grk “Why indeed.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated.

[13:7]  ⁶² sn Such fig trees would deplete the soil, robbing it of nutrients needed by other trees and plants.

[13:16]  ⁶¹ tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to show the connection with Jesus’ previous statement.

[13:16]  ⁶² tn Grk “is it not necessary that.” Jesus argues that no other day is more appropriate to heal a descendant of Abraham than the Sabbath, the exact opposite view of the synagogue leader.

[13:16]  ⁶³ sn Note that this is again a battle between Satan and God; see 11:18-23.

[13:16]  ⁶⁴ tn The word “long” reflects the emphasis added in the Greek text by ἰδού (idou). See BDAG 468 s.v. 1.

[13:16]  ⁶⁵ tn Or “bondage”; Grk “bond.”

[15:29]  ⁶⁶ tn Grk “but answering, he said.” This is somewhat redundant in contemporary English and has been simplified to “but he answered.”

[15:29]  ⁶⁷ tn Or simply, “have served,” but in the emotional context of the older son’s outburst the translation given is closer to the point.

[15:29]  ⁶⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to bring out the contrast indicated by the context.

[15:29]  ⁶⁹ sn You never gave me even a goat. The older son’s complaint was that the generous treatment of the younger son was not fair: “I can’t get even a little celebration with a basic food staple like a goat!”

[3:1]  ⁷¹ tn Or “Emperor Tiberius” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).

[3:1]  ⁷² sn The rule of Pontius Pilate is also described by Josephus, J. W. 2.9.2-4 (2.169-177) and Ant. 18.3.1 (18.55-59).

[3:1]  ⁷³ sn Herod refers here to Herod Antipas, son of Herod the Great. He ruled from 4 b.c.-a.d. 39, sharing the rule of his father’s realm with his two brothers. One brother, Archelaus (Matt 2:22) was banished in a.d. 6 and died in a.d. 18; the other brother, Herod Philip (mentioned next) died in a.d. 34.

[3:1]  ⁷⁴ sn A tetrarch was a ruler with rank and authority lower than a king, who ruled only with the approval of the Roman authorities. This was roughly equivalent to being governor of a region. Several times in the NT, Herod tetrarch of Galilee is called a king (Matt 14:9, Mark 6:14-29), reflecting popular usage.

[3:1]  ⁷⁵ sn Philip refers to Herod Philip, son of Herod the Great and brother of Herod Antipas. Philip ruled as tetrarch of Iturea and Trachonitis from 4 b.c.-a.d. 34.

[3:1]  ⁷⁶ sn Nothing else is known about Lysanias tetrarch of Abilene.