Discovery BoxLuke 24:36-53
Context24:36 While they were saying these things, Jesus 1 himself stood among them and said to them, “Peace be with you.” 2 24:37 But they were startled and terrified, thinking 3 they saw a ghost. 4 24:38 Then 5 he said to them, “Why are you frightened, 6 and why do doubts 7 arise in your hearts? 24:39 Look at my hands and my feet; it’s me! 8 Touch me and see; a ghost 9 does not have flesh and bones like you see I have.” 24:40 When he had said this, he showed them his hands and his feet. 10 24:41 And while they still could not believe it 11 (because of their joy) and were amazed, 12 he said to them, “Do you have anything here to eat?” 13 24:42 So 14 they gave him a piece of broiled fish, 24:43 and he took it and ate it in front of them.
24:44 Then 15 he said to them, “These are my words that I spoke to you while I was still with you, that everything written about me 16 in the law of Moses and the prophets and the psalms 17 must be fulfilled.” 24:45 Then he opened their minds so they could understand the scriptures, 18 24:46 and said to them, “Thus it stands written that the Christ 19 would suffer 20 and would rise from the dead on the third day, 24:47 and repentance 21 for the forgiveness of sins would be proclaimed 22 in his name to all nations, 23 beginning from Jerusalem. 24 24:48 You are witnesses 25 of these things. 24:49 And look, I am sending you 26 what my Father promised. 27 But stay in the city 28 until you have been clothed with power 29 from on high.”
24:50 Then 30 Jesus 31 led them out as far as Bethany, 32 and lifting up his hands, he blessed them. 24:51 Now 33 during the blessing 34 he departed 35 and was taken up into heaven. 36 24:52 So 37 they worshiped 38 him and returned to Jerusalem with great joy, 39 24:53 and were continually in the temple courts 40 blessing 41 God. 42
[24:36] 1 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[24:36] 2 tc The words “and said to them, ‘Peace be with you’” are lacking in some Western
[24:37] 3 sn The disciples were still not comfortable at this point thinking that this could be Jesus raised from the dead. Instead they thought they saw a spirit.
[24:37] 4 tc This is not a reference to “a phantom” as read by the Western ms D. For πνεῦμα (pneuma) having the force of “ghost,” or “an independent noncorporeal being, in contrast to a being that can be perceived by the physical senses,” see BDAG 833-34 s.v. πνεῦμα 4.
[24:38] 5 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[24:38] 6 tn Or “disturbed,” “troubled.”
[24:38] 7 tn The expression here is an idiom; see BDAG 58 s.v. ἀναβαίνω 2. Here καρδία (kardia) is a collective singular; the expression has been translated as plural in English.
[24:39] 8 tn Grk “that it is I myself.”
[24:39] 9 tn See tc note on “ghost” in v. 37.
[24:40] 10 tc Some Western
[24:41] 11 sn They still could not believe it. Is this a continued statement of unbelief? Or is it a rhetorical expression of their amazement? They are being moved to faith, so a rhetorical force is more likely here.
[24:41] 12 sn Amazement is the common response to unusual activity: 1:63; 2:18; 4:22; 7:9; 8:25; 9:43; 11:14; 20:26.
[24:41] 13 sn Do you have anything here to eat? Eating would remove the idea that a phantom was present. Angelic spirits refused a meal in Jdt 13:16 and Tob 12:19, but accepted it in Gen 18:8; 19:3 and Tob 6:6.
[24:42] 14 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Jesus’ request for food.
[24:44] 15 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[24:44] 16 sn Everything written about me. The divine plan, events, and scripture itself are seen here as being one.
[24:44] 17 sn For a similar threefold division of the OT scriptures, see the prologue to Sirach, lines 8-10, and from Qumran, the epilogue to 4QMMT, line 10.
[24:45] 18 sn Luke does not mention specific texts here, but it is likely that many of the scriptures he mentioned elsewhere in Luke-Acts would have been among those he had in mind.
[24:46] 19 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”
[24:46] 20 tn Three Greek infinitives are the key to this summary: (1) to suffer, (2) to rise, and (3) to be preached. The Christ (Messiah) would be slain, would be raised, and a message about repentance would go out into all the world as a result. All of this was recorded in the scripture. The remark shows the continuity between Jesus’ ministry, the scripture, and what disciples would be doing as they declared the Lord risen.
[24:47] 21 sn This repentance has its roots in declarations of the Old Testament. It is the Hebrew concept of a turning of direction.
[24:47] 22 tn Or “preached,” “announced.”
[24:47] 23 sn To all nations. The same Greek term (τὰ ἔθνη, ta eqnh) may be translated “the Gentiles” or “the nations.” The hope of God in Christ was for all the nations from the beginning.
[24:47] 24 sn Beginning from Jerusalem. See Acts 2, which is where it all starts.
[24:48] 25 sn You are witnesses. This becomes a key concept of testimony in Acts. See Acts 1:8.
[24:49] 26 tn Grk “sending on you.”
[24:49] 27 tn Grk “the promise of my Father,” with τοῦ πατρός (tou patros) translated as a subjective genitive. This is a reference to the Holy Spirit and looks back to how one could see Messiah had come with the promise of old (Luke 3:15-18). The promise is rooted in Jer 31:31 and Ezek 36:26.
[24:49] 28 sn The city refers to Jerusalem.
[24:49] 29 sn Until you have been clothed with power refers to the coming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. What the Spirit supplies is enablement. See Luke 12:11-12; 21:12-15. The difference the Spirit makes can be seen in Peter (compare Luke 22:54-62 with Acts 2:14-41).
[24:50] 30 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[24:50] 31 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[24:50] 32 sn Bethany was village on the Mount of Olives about 2 mi (3 km) from Jerusalem; see John 11:1, 18.
[24:51] 33 tn Grk “And it happened that while.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.
[24:51] 34 tn Grk “while he blessed them.”
[24:51] 35 tn Grk “he departed from them.”
[24:51] 36 tc The reference to the ascension (“and was taken up into heaven”) is lacking in א* D it sys, but it is found in Ì75 and the rest of the ms tradition. The authenticity of the statement here seems to be presupposed in Acts 1:2, for otherwise it is difficult to account for Luke’s reference to the ascension there. For a helpful discussion, see TCGNT 162-63.
[24:52] 37 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the result of Jesus’ ascension and the concluding summary of Luke’s Gospel.
[24:52] 38 tc The reference to worship is lacking in the Western ms D, its last major omission in this Gospel.
[24:52] 39 sn Joy is another key theme for Luke: 1:14; 2:10; 8:13; 10:17; 15:7, 10; 24:41.
[24:53] 40 tn Grk “in the temple.”
[24:53] 41 tc The Western text (D it) has αἰνοῦντες (ainounte", “praising”) here, while the Alexandrian
[24:53] 42 tc The majority of Greek
