Discovery BoxLuke 9:1
Context9:1 After 1 Jesus 2 called 3 the twelve 4 together, he gave them power and authority over all demons and to cure 5 diseases,
Luke 22:1-71
Context22:1 Now the Feast of Unleavened Bread, 6 which is called the Passover, was approaching. 22:2 The 7 chief priests and the experts in the law 8 were trying to find some way 9 to execute 10 Jesus, 11 for they were afraid of the people. 12
22:3 Then 13 Satan 14 entered Judas, the one called Iscariot, who was one of the twelve. 15 22:4 He went away and discussed with the chief priests and officers of the temple guard 16 how he might 17 betray Jesus, 18 handing him over to them. 19 22:5 They 20 were delighted 21 and arranged to give him money. 22 22:6 So 23 Judas 24 agreed and began looking for an opportunity to betray Jesus 25 when no crowd was present. 26
22:7 Then the day for the feast 27 of Unleavened Bread came, on which the Passover lamb had to be sacrificed. 28 22:8 Jesus 29 sent Peter and John, saying, “Go and prepare the Passover 30 for us to eat.” 31 22:9 They 32 said to him, “Where do you want us to prepare 33 it?” 22:10 He said to them, “Listen, 34 when you have entered the city, a man carrying a jar of water 35 will meet you. 36 Follow him into the house that he enters, 22:11 and tell the owner of the house, 37 ‘The Teacher says to you, “Where is the guest room where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?”’ 22:12 Then he will show you a large furnished room upstairs. Make preparations there.” 22:13 So 38 they went and found things 39 just as he had told them, 40 and they prepared the Passover.
22:14 Now 41 when the hour came, Jesus 42 took his place at the table 43 and the apostles joined 44 him. 22:15 And he said to them, “I have earnestly desired 45 to eat this Passover with you before I suffer. 22:16 For I tell you, I will not eat it again 46 until it is fulfilled 47 in the kingdom of God.” 48 22:17 Then 49 he took a cup, 50 and after giving thanks he said, “Take this and divide it among yourselves. 22:18 For I tell you that from now on I will not drink of the fruit 51 of the vine until the kingdom of God comes.” 52 22:19 Then 53 he took bread, and after giving thanks he broke it and gave it to them, saying, “This is my body 54 which is given for you. 55 Do this in remembrance of me.” 22:20 And in the same way he took 56 the cup after they had eaten, 57 saying, “This cup that is poured out for you is the new covenant 58 in my blood.
22:21 “But look, the hand of the one who betrays 59 me is with me on the table. 60 22:22 For the Son of Man is to go just as it has been determined, 61 but woe to that man by whom he is betrayed!” 22:23 So 62 they began to question one another as to which of them it could possibly be who would do this.
22:24 A dispute also started 63 among them over which of them was to be regarded as the greatest. 64 22:25 So 65 Jesus 66 said to them, “The kings of the Gentiles lord it over them, and those in authority over them are called ‘benefactors.’ 67 22:26 Not so with you; 68 instead the one who is greatest among you must become like the youngest, and the leader 69 like the one who serves. 70 22:27 For who is greater, the one who is seated at the table, 71 or the one who serves? Is it not 72 the one who is seated at the table? But I am among you as one 73 who serves.
22:28 “You are the ones who have remained 74 with me in my trials. 22:29 Thus 75 I grant 76 to you a kingdom, 77 just as my Father granted to me, 22:30 that you may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and you will sit 78 on thrones judging 79 the twelve tribes of Israel.
22:31 “Simon, 80 Simon, pay attention! 81 Satan has demanded to have you all, 82 to sift you like wheat, 83 22:32 but I have prayed for you, Simon, 84 that your faith may not fail. 85 When 86 you have turned back, 87 strengthen 88 your brothers.” 22:33 But Peter 89 said to him, “Lord, I am ready to go with you both to prison and to death!” 90 22:34 Jesus replied, 91 “I tell you, Peter, the rooster will not crow 92 today until you have denied 93 three times that you know me.”
22:35 Then 94 Jesus 95 said to them, “When I sent you out with no money bag, 96 or traveler’s bag, 97 or sandals, you didn’t lack 98 anything, did you?” They replied, 99 “Nothing.” 22:36 He said to them, “But now, the one who 100 has a money bag must take it, and likewise a traveler’s bag 101 too. And the one who has no sword must sell his cloak and buy one. 22:37 For I tell you that this scripture must be 102 fulfilled in me, ‘And he was counted with the transgressors.’ 103 For what is written about me is being fulfilled.” 104 22:38 So 105 they said, “Look, Lord, here are two swords.” 106 Then he told them, “It is enough.” 107
22:39 Then 108 Jesus 109 went out and made his way, 110 as he customarily did, to the Mount of Olives, 111 and the disciples followed him. 22:40 When he came to the place, 112 he said to them, “Pray that you will not fall into temptation.” 113 22:41 He went away from them about a stone’s throw, knelt down, and prayed, 22:42 “Father, if you are willing, take 114 this cup 115 away from me. Yet not my will but yours 116 be done.” 22:43 [Then an angel from heaven appeared to him and strengthened him. 22:44 And in his anguish 117 he prayed more earnestly, and his sweat was like drops of blood falling to the ground.] 118 22:45 When 119 he got up from prayer, he came to the disciples and found them sleeping, exhausted 120 from grief. 22:46 So 121 he said to them, “Why are you sleeping? Get up and pray that you will not fall into temptation!” 122
22:47 While he was still speaking, suddenly a crowd appeared, 123 and the man named Judas, one of the twelve, was leading them. He walked up 124 to Jesus to kiss him. 125 22:48 But Jesus said to him, “Judas, would you betray the Son of Man with a kiss?” 126 22:49 When 127 those who were around him saw what was about to happen, they said, “Lord, should 128 we use our swords?” 129 22:50 Then 130 one of them 131 struck the high priest’s slave, 132 cutting off his right ear. 22:51 But Jesus said, 133 “Enough of this!” And he touched the man’s 134 ear and healed 135 him. 22:52 Then 136 Jesus said to the chief priests, the officers of the temple guard, 137 and the elders who had come out to get him, “Have you come out with swords and clubs like you would against an outlaw? 138 22:53 Day after day when I was with you in the temple courts, 139 you did not arrest me. 140 But this is your hour, 141 and that of the power 142 of darkness!”
22:54 Then 143 they arrested 144 Jesus, 145 led him away, and brought him into the high priest’s house. 146 But Peter was following at a distance. 22:55 When they had made a fire in the middle of the courtyard and sat down together, Peter sat down among them. 22:56 Then a slave girl, 147 seeing him as he sat in the firelight, stared at him and said, “This man was with him too!” 22:57 But Peter 148 denied it: “Woman, 149 I don’t know 150 him!” 22:58 Then 151 a little later someone else 152 saw him and said, “You are one of them too.” But Peter said, “Man, 153 I am not!” 22:59 And after about an hour still another insisted, 154 “Certainly this man was with him, because he too is a Galilean.” 155 22:60 But Peter said, “Man, I don’t know what you’re talking about!” At that moment, 156 while he was still speaking, a rooster crowed. 157 22:61 Then 158 the Lord turned and looked straight at Peter, and Peter remembered the word of the Lord, 159 how he had said to him, “Before a rooster crows today, you will deny me three times.” 22:62 And he went outside and wept bitterly. 160
22:63 Now 161 the men who were holding Jesus 162 under guard began to mock him and beat him. 22:64 They 163 blindfolded him and asked him repeatedly, 164 “Prophesy! Who hit you?” 165 22:65 They also said many other things against him, reviling 166 him.
22:66 When day came, the council of the elders of the people gathered together, both the chief priests and the experts in the law. 167 Then 168 they led Jesus 169 away to their council 170 22:67 and said, “If 171 you are the Christ, 172 tell us.” But he said to them, “If 173 I tell you, you will not 174 believe, 22:68 and if 175 I ask you, you will not 176 answer. 22:69 But from now on 177 the Son of Man will be seated at the right hand 178 of the power 179 of God.” 22:70 So 180 they all said, “Are you the Son of God, 181 then?” He answered 182 them, “You say 183 that I am.” 22:71 Then 184 they said, “Why do we need further testimony? We have heard it ourselves 185 from his own lips!” 186
[9:1] 1 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
[9:1] 2 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[9:1] 3 tn An aorist participle preceding an aorist main verb may indicate either contemporaneous (simultaneous) action (“When he called… he gave”) or antecedent (prior) action (“After he called… he gave”). The participle συγκαλεσάμενος (sunkalesameno") has been translated here as indicating antecedent action.
[9:1] 4 tc Some
[9:1] 5 sn Note how Luke distinguishes between exorcisms (authority over all demons) and diseases here.
[22:1] 6 sn The Feast of Unleavened Bread was a week long celebration that followed the day of Passover, so one name was used for both feasts (Exod 12:1-20; 23:15; 34:18; Deut 16:1-8).
[22:2] 11 tn Grk “And the.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[22:2] 12 tn Or “and the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 5:21.
[22:2] 13 tn Grk “were seeking how.”
[22:2] 14 tn The Greek verb here means “to get rid of by execution” (BDAG 64 s.v. ἀναιρέω 2; cf. also L&N 20.71, which states, “to get rid of someone by execution, often with legal or quasi-legal procedures”).
[22:2] 15 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:2] 16 sn The suggestion here is that Jesus was too popular to openly arrest him. The verb were trying is imperfect. It suggests, in this context, that they were always considering the opportunities.
[22:3] 16 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[22:3] 17 sn The cross is portrayed as part of the cosmic battle between Satan and God; see Luke 4:1-13; 11:14-23.
[22:3] 18 tn Grk “Iscariot, being of the number of the twelve.”
[22:4] 21 tn The full title στρατηγὸς τοῦ ἱεροῦ (strathgo" tou Jierou; “officer of the temple” or “captain of the temple guard”) is sometimes shortened to στρατηγός as here (L&N 37.91).
[22:4] 22 tn Luke uses this frequent indirect question to make his point (BDF §267.2).
[22:4] 23 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:4] 24 tn Grk “how he might hand him over to them,” in the sense of “betray him.”
[22:5] 26 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[22:5] 27 sn The leaders were delighted when Judas contacted them about betraying Jesus, because it gave them the opportunity they had been looking for, and they could later claim that Jesus had been betrayed by one of his own disciples.
[22:5] 28 sn Matt 26:15 states the amount of money they gave Judas was thirty pieces of silver (see also Matt 27:3-4; Zech 11:12-13).
[22:6] 31 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the arrangement worked out in the preceding verse.
[22:6] 32 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Judas) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:6] 33 tn Grk “betray him to them”; the referent of the first pronoun (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:6] 34 tn Grk “apart from the crowd.”
[22:7] 36 tn The words “for the feast” are not in the Greek text, but have been supplied for clarity.
[22:7] 37 sn Generally the feast of Unleavened Bread would refer to Nisan 15 (Friday), but the following reference to the sacrifice of the Passover lamb indicates that Nisan 14 (Thursday) was what Luke had in mind (Nisan = March 27 to April 25). The celebration of the Feast of Unleavened Bread lasted eight days, beginning with the Passover meal. The celebrations were so close together that at times the names of both were used interchangeably.
[22:8] 41 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:8] 42 sn This required getting a suitable lamb and finding lodging in Jerusalem where the meal could be eaten. The population of the city swelled during the feast, so lodging could be difficult to find. The Passover was celebrated each year in commemoration of the Israelites’ deliverance from Egypt; thus it was a feast celebrating redemption (see Exod 12). The Passover lamb was roasted and eaten after sunset in a family group of at least ten people (m. Pesahim 7.13). People ate the meal while reclining (see the note on table in 22:14). It included, besides the lamb, unleavened bread and bitter herbs as a reminder of Israel’s bitter affliction at the hands of the Egyptians. Four cups of wine mixed with water were also used for the meal. For a further description of the meal and the significance of the wine cups, see E. Ferguson, Backgrounds of Early Christianity, 523-24.
[22:8] 43 tn Grk “for us, so that we may eat.”
[22:9] 46 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
[22:9] 47 tn In the Greek text this a deliberative subjunctive.
[22:10] 52 sn Since women usually carried these jars, it would have been no problem for Peter and John to recognize the man Jesus was referring to.
[22:10] 53 sn Jesus is portrayed throughout Luke 22-23 as very aware of what will happen, almost directing events. Here this is indicated by his prediction that a man carrying a jar of water will meet you.
[22:11] 56 tn Grk “to the master of the household,” referring to one who owns and manages the household, including family, servants, and slaves (L&N 57.14).
[22:13] 61 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Jesus’ instructions.
[22:13] 62 tn The word “things” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
[22:13] 63 sn The author’s note that the disciples found things just as he had told them shows that Jesus’ word could be trusted.
[22:14] 66 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
[22:14] 67 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:14] 68 tn Grk “reclined at table,” as 1st century middle eastern meals were not eaten while sitting at a table, but while reclining on one’s side on the floor with the head closest to the low table and the feet farthest away.
[22:14] 69 tn Grk “the apostles with him.”
[22:15] 71 tn This phrase parallels a Hebrew infinitive absolute and serves to underline Jesus’ enthusiasm for holding this meal (BDF §198.6).
[22:16] 76 tn Although the word “again” is not in the Greek text, it is supplied to indicate that Jesus did indeed partake of this Passover meal, as statements in v. 18 suggest (“from now on”). For more complete discussion see D. L. Bock, Luke (BECNT), 2:1720.
[22:16] 77 sn Jesus looked to a celebration in the kingdom to come when the Passover is fulfilled. This reference could well suggest that some type of commemorative sacrifice and meal will be celebrated then, as the antecedent is the Passover sacrifice. The reference is not to the Lord’s supper as some argue, but the Passover.
[22:16] 78 sn The kingdom of God here refers to the kingdom in all its power. See Luke 17:20-37.
[22:17] 81 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[22:17] 82 sn Then he took a cup. Only Luke mentions two cups at this meal; the other synoptic gospels (Matt, Mark) mention only one. This is the first of the two. It probably refers to the first cup in the traditional Passover meal, which today has four cups (although it is debated whether the fourth cup was used in the 1st century).
[22:18] 86 tn Grk “the produce” (“the produce of the vine” is a figurative expression for wine).
[22:18] 87 sn Until the kingdom of God comes is a reference to the kingdom in all its power. See Luke 17:20-37. Jesus awaits celebration with the arrival of full kingdom blessing.
[22:19] 91 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[22:19] 92 tc Some important Western
[22:19] 93 sn The language of the phrase given for you alludes to Christ’s death in our place. It is a powerful substitutionary image of what he did for us.
[22:20] 96 tn The words “he took” are not in the Greek text at this point, but are an understood repetition from v. 19.
[22:20] 97 tn The phrase “after they had eaten” translates the temporal infinitive construction μετὰ τὸ δειπνῆσαι (meta to deipnhsai), where the verb δειπνέω (deipnew) means “to eat a meal” or “to have a meal.”
[22:20] 98 sn Jesus’ death established the forgiveness promised in the new covenant of Jer 31:31. Jesus is reinterpreting the symbolism of the Passover meal, indicating the presence of a new era.
[22:21] 101 sn The one who betrays me. Jesus knows about Judas and what he has done.
[22:21] 102 sn The point of Jesus’ comment here is not to identify the specific individual per se, but to indicate that it is one who was close to him – somebody whom no one would suspect. His comment serves to heighten the treachery of Judas’ betrayal.
[22:22] 106 sn Jesus’ death has been determined as a part of God’s plan (Acts 2:22-24).
[22:23] 111 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Jesus’ comments: The disciples begin wondering who would betray him.
[22:24] 117 tn Though the term μείζων (meizwn) here is comparative in form, it is superlative in sense (BDF §244).
[22:25] 121 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the dispute among the apostles.
[22:25] 122 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:25] 123 sn The title ‘benefactor,’ highlighting grace and meaning something like “helper of the people,” was even given to tyrants (2 Macc 4:2; 3 Macc 3:19; Josephus, J. W. 3.9.8 [3.459]).
[22:26] 126 tn Grk “But you are not thus.”
[22:26] 127 tn Or “the ruler.”
[22:26] 128 sn And the leader like the one who serves. Leadership was not to be a matter of privilege and special status, but of service. All social status is leveled out by these remarks. Jesus himself is the prime example of the servant-leader.
[22:27] 131 tn Grk “who reclines at table,” as 1st century middle eastern meals were not eaten while sitting at a table, but while reclining on one’s side on the floor with the head closest to the low table and the feet farthest away.
[22:27] 132 tn The interrogative particle used here in the Greek text (οὐχί, ouci) expects a positive reply.
[22:27] 133 sn Jesus’ example of humble service, as one who serves, shows that the standard for a disciple is different from that of the world. For an example see John 13:1-17.
[22:28] 136 tn Or “continued” (L&N 34.3). Jesus acknowledges the disciples’ faithfulness.
[22:29] 141 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of the disciples’ perseverance with Jesus.
[22:29] 142 sn With the statement “I grant to you a kingdom” Jesus gave the disciples authority over the kingdom, as God had given him such authority. The present tense looks at authority given presently, though the major manifestation of its presence is yet to come as the next verse shows.
[22:29] 143 tn Or “I give you the right to rule” (cf. CEV). For this translation of διατίθεμαι βασιλείαν (diatiqemai basileian) see L&N 37.105.
[22:30] 146 tn This verb is future indicative, and thus not subordinate to “grant” (διατίθεμαι, diatiqemai) as part of the result clause beginning with ἵνα ἔσθητε ({ina esqhte) at the beginning of v. 30. It is better understood as a predictive future.
[22:30] 147 sn The statement you will sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel looks at the future authority the Twelve will have when Jesus returns. They will share in Israel’s judgment.
[22:31] 151 tc The majority of
[22:31] 152 tn Grk “behold” (for “pay attention” see L&N 91.13).
[22:31] 153 sn This pronoun is plural in the Greek text, so it refers to all the disciples of which Peter is the representative.
[22:31] 154 sn Satan has demanded permission to put them to the test. The idiom “sift (someone) like wheat” is similar to the English idiom “to pick (someone) apart.” The pronoun you is implied.
[22:32] 156 sn Here and in the remainder of the verse the second person pronouns are singular, so only Peter is in view. The name “Simon” has been supplied as a form of direct address to make this clear in English.
[22:32] 157 sn That your faith may not fail. Note that Peter’s denials are pictured here as lapses, not as a total absence of faith.
[22:32] 158 tn Grk “And when.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[22:32] 159 tn Or “turned around.”
[22:32] 160 sn Strengthen your brothers refers to Peter helping to strengthen their faith. Jesus quite graciously restores Peter “in advance,” even with the knowledge of his approaching denials.
[22:33] 161 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Peter) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:33] 162 sn The confidence Peter has in private (Lord, I am ready…) will wilt under the pressure of the public eye.
[22:34] 166 tn Grk “he said”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:34] 167 sn That is, Peter’s denials will happen before the sun rises.
[22:34] 168 sn Once again, Jesus is quite aware that Peter will deny him. Peter, however, is too nonchalant about the possibility of stumbling.
[22:35] 171 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[22:35] 172 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:35] 173 tn Traditionally, “purse” (likewise in v. 36).
[22:35] 174 tn Or possibly “beggar’s bag” (L&N 6.145).
[22:35] 175 sn This refers back to 9:3 and 10:3-4. The Greek construction anticipates a negative reply which is indicated in the translation by the ‘tag’ at the end, “did you?” Nothing was lacking.
[22:36] 176 tn The syntax of this verse is disputed, resulting in various translations. The major options are either (1) that reflected in the translation or (2) that those who have a money bag and traveler’s bag should get a sword, just as those who do not have these items should sell their cloak to buy a sword. The point of all the options is that things have changed and one now needs full provisions. Opposition will come. But “sword” is a figure for preparing to fight. See Luke 22:50-51.
[22:36] 177 tn Or possibly “beggar’s bag” (L&N 6.145).
[22:37] 181 sn This scripture must be fulfilled in me. The statement again reflects the divine necessity of God’s plan. See 4:43-44.
[22:37] 182 tn Or “with the lawless.”
[22:37] 183 tn Grk “is having its fulfillment.”
[22:38] 186 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Jesus’ comments about obtaining swords.
[22:38] 187 sn Here are two swords. The disciples mistakenly took Jesus to mean that they should prepare for armed resistance, something he will have to correct in 22:50-51.
[22:38] 188 sn It is enough. The disciples’ misunderstanding caused Jesus to terminate the discussion.
[22:39] 191 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[22:39] 192 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:39] 194 sn See the note on the Mount of Olives in Luke 19:29.
[22:40] 196 sn Luke does not mention Gethsemane by name, but calls it simply the place.
[22:40] 197 sn Jesus’ instructions to pray not to fall into temptation is an allusion to Luke 22:28-38, especially 22:31. The temptation is Satan’s challenge to them to defect, like what happened to Judas and what will happen to Peter.
[22:42] 201 tn Luke’s term παρένεγκε is not as exact as the one in Matt 26:39. Luke’s means “take away” (BDAG 772 s.v. παρένεγκε 2.c) while Matthew’s means “take away without touching,” suggesting an alteration (if possible) in God’s plan. For further discussion see D. L. Bock, Luke (BECNT), 2:1759-60.
[22:42] 202 sn This cup alludes to the wrath of God that Jesus would experience (in the form of suffering and death) for us. See Ps 11:6; 75:8-9; Isa 51:17, 19, 22 for this figure.
[22:42] 203 sn With the statement “Not my will but yours be done” Jesus submitted fully to God’s will.
[22:44] 206 tn Grk “And being in anguish.”
[22:44] 207 tc Several important Greek
[22:45] 211 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[22:45] 212 tn Grk “from grief.” The word “exhausted” is not in the Greek text, but is implied; the disciples have fallen asleep from mental and emotional exhaustion resulting from their distress (see L&N 25.273; cf. TEV, NIV, NLT).
[22:46] 216 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Jesus finding them asleep.
[22:46] 217 sn Jesus calls the disciples again to prayerful watchfulness with the words “Get up and pray” (see 22:40). The time is full of danger (22:53).
[22:47] 221 tn Grk “While he was still speaking, behold, a crowd, and the one called Judas…was leading them.” The abrupt appearance of the crowd on the scene is indicated in the translation by “suddenly” and “appeared.”
[22:47] 222 tn Grk “drew near.”
[22:47] 223 tc Many
[22:48] 226 sn Jesus’ comment about betraying the Son of Man with a kiss shows the hypocrisy and blindness of an attempt to cover up sin. On “misused kisses” in the Bible, see Gen 27:26-27; 2 Sam 15:5; Prov 7:13; 27:6; and 2 Sam 20:9.
[22:49] 231 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
[22:49] 232 tn The direct question using “if” in Greek is not unusual (BDF §440.3).
[22:49] 233 sn “Should we use our swords?” The disciples’ effort to defend Jesus recalls Luke 22:35-38. One individual did not wait for the answer.
[22:50] 236 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[22:50] 237 sn One of them. The unnamed disciple is Peter according to John 18:10 (cf. also Matt 26:51; Mark 14:47).
[22:50] 238 tn See the note on the word “slave” in 7:2.
[22:51] 241 tn Grk “But answering, Jesus said.” This is redundant in contemporary English and has been simplified in the translation.
[22:51] 242 tn Grk “his”; the referent (the slave of the high priest mentioned in the previous verse) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:51] 243 sn When Jesus healed the man’s ear he showed grace even to those who hated him, following his own teaching (Luke 6:27-36).
[22:52] 246 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[22:52] 247 tn This title, literally “official of the temple” (στρατηγὸς τοῦ ἱεροῦ, strathgo" tou Jierou), referred to the commander of the Jewish soldiers who guarded and maintained order in the Jerusalem temple. Here, since the term is plural, it has been translated “officers of the temple guard” rather than “commanders of the temple guard,” since the idea of a number of commanders might be confusing to the modern English reader.
[22:52] 248 tn Or “a revolutionary.” This term can refer to one who stirs up rebellion: BDAG 594 s.v. λῃστής 2 has “revolutionary, insurrectionist, guerrilla” citing evidence from Josephus (J. W. 2.13.2-3 [2.253-254]). However, this usage generally postdates Jesus’ time. It does refer to a figure of violence. Luke uses the same term for the highwaymen who attack the traveler in the parable of the good Samaritan (10:30).
[22:53] 251 tn Grk “in the temple.”
[22:53] 252 tn Grk “lay hands on me.”
[22:53] 253 tn Or “your time.”
[22:53] 254 tn Or “authority,” “domain.”
[22:54] 256 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[22:54] 257 tn Or “seized” (L&N 37.109).
[22:54] 258 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:54] 259 sn Putting all the gospel accounts together, there is a brief encounter with Annas (brought him into the high priest’s house, here and John 18:13, where Annas is named); the meeting led by Caiaphas (Matt 26:57-68 = Mark 14:53-65; and then a Sanhedrin meeting (Matt 27:1; Mark 15:1; Luke 22:66-71). These latter two meetings might be connected and apparently went into the morning.
[22:56] 261 tn The Greek term here is παιδίσκη (paidiskh), referring to a slave girl or slave woman.
[22:57] 266 tn Grk “he denied it, saying.” The referent (Peter) has been specified in the translation for clarity. The participle λέγων (legwn) is redundant and has not been translated.
[22:57] 267 sn Woman was a polite form of address (see BDAG 208-9 s.v. γυνή), similar to “Madam” or “Ma’am” used in English in different regions.
[22:57] 268 sn The expression “I do not know him” had an idiomatic use in Jewish ban formulas in the synagogue and could mean, “I have nothing to do with him.”
[22:58] 271 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[22:58] 272 sn In Mark 14:69, the same slave girl made the charge. So apparently Peter was being identified by a variety of people.
[22:58] 273 tn Here and in v. 60 “Man” is used as a neutral form of address to a stranger.
[22:59] 276 tn Grk “insisted, saying.” The participle λέγων (legwn) is redundant in English and has not been translated here.
[22:59] 277 sn According to Mark 14:70 it was Peter’s accent that gave him away as a Galilean.
[22:60] 281 tn Grk “And immediately.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[22:60] 282 tn A real rooster crowing is probably in view here (rather than the Roman trumpet call known as gallicinium), in part due to the fact that Mark 14:72 mentions the rooster crowing twice. See the discussion at Matt 26:74.
[22:61] 286 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[22:61] 287 tn “The word of the Lord” is a technical expression in OT literature, often referring to a divine prophetic utterance (e.g., Gen 15:1, Isa 1:10, Jonah 1:1). In the NT it occurs 15 times: 3 times as ῥῆμα τοῦ κυρίου (rJhma tou kuriou; here and in Acts 11:16, 1 Pet 1:25) and 12 times as λόγος τοῦ κυρίου (logo" tou kuriou; Acts 8:25; 13:44, 48, 49; 15:35, 36; 16:32; 19:10, 20; 1 Thess 1:8, 4:15; 2 Thess 3:1). As in the OT, this phrase focuses on the prophetic nature and divine origin of what has been said. Because of its technical nature the expression has been retained in the translation in preference to a smoother rendering like “remembered what the Lord had said” (cf. TEV, NLT).
[22:62] 291 sn When Peter went out and wept bitterly it shows he really did not want to fail here and was deeply grieved that he had.
[22:63] 296 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
[22:63] 297 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:64] 301 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[22:64] 302 tn The verb ἐπηρώτων (ephrwtwn) has been translated as an iterative imperfect. The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant in English and has not been translated here.
[22:64] 303 tn Grk “Who is the one who hit you?”
[22:65] 306 tn Or “insulting.” Luke uses a strong word here; it means “to revile, to defame, to blaspheme” (L&N 33.400).
[22:66] 311 tn Or “and the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 5:21.
[22:66] 312 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[22:66] 313 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:66] 314 sn Their council is probably a reference to the Jewish Sanhedrin, the council of seventy leaders.
[22:67] 316 tn This is a first class condition in the Greek text.
[22:67] 317 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”
[22:67] 318 tn This is a third class condition in the Greek text. Jesus had this experience already in 20:1-8.
[22:67] 319 tn The negation in the Greek text is the strongest possible (οὐ μή, ou mh).
[22:68] 321 tn This is also a third class condition in the Greek text.
[22:68] 322 tn The negation in the Greek text is the strongest possible (οὐ μή, ou mh).
[22:69] 326 sn From now on. Jesus’ authority was taken up from this moment on. Ironically he is now the ultimate judge, who is himself being judged.
[22:69] 327 sn Seated at the right hand is an allusion to Ps 110:1 (“Sit at my right hand…”) and is a claim that Jesus shares authority with God in heaven. Those present may have thought they were his judges, but, in fact, the reverse was true.
[22:69] 328 sn The expression the right hand of the power of God is a circumlocution for referring to God. Such indirect references to God were common in 1st century Judaism out of reverence for the divine name.
[22:70] 331 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Jesus’ pronouncement.
[22:70] 332 sn The members of the council understood the force of the claim and asked Jesus about another title, Son of God.
[22:70] 333 tn Grk “He said to them.”
[22:70] 334 sn Jesus’ reply, “You say that I am,” was not a denial, but a way of giving a qualified positive response: “You have said it, but I do not quite mean what you think.”
[22:71] 336 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[22:71] 337 sn We have heard it ourselves. The Sanhedrin regarded the answer as convicting Jesus. They saw it as blasphemous to claim such intimacy and shared authority with God, a claim so serious and convicting that no further testimony was needed.
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