Mark 12:10

12:10 Have you not read this scripture:

‘The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone. ¹ 

Mark 12:1

The Parable of the Tenants

12:1 Then ²  he began to speak to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard. ³  He put a fence around it, dug a pit for its winepress, and built a watchtower. Then ⁴  he leased it to tenant farmers ⁵  and went on a journey.

Mark 8:7

8:7 They also had a few small fish. After giving thanks for these, he told them to serve these as well.

Mark 10:19

10:19 You know the commandments: ‘Do not murder, do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not give false testimony, do not defraud, honor your father and mother.’” ⁶ 

Psalms 118:22

118:22 The stone which the builders discarded ⁷ 

has become the cornerstone. ⁸ 

Isaiah 53:3

53:3 He was despised and rejected by people, ⁹ 

one who experienced pain and was acquainted with illness;

people hid their faces from him; ¹⁰ 

he was despised, and we considered him insignificant. ¹¹ 

Matthew 21:42

21:42 Jesus said to them, “Have you never read in the scriptures:

‘The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone. ¹² 

This is from the Lord, and it is marvelous in our eyes’? ¹³ 

Luke 17:25

17:25 But first he must ¹⁴  suffer many things and be rejected by this generation.

John 12:48

12:48 The one who rejects me and does not accept ¹⁵  my words has a judge; ¹⁶  the word ¹⁷  I have spoken will judge him at the last day.

Acts 3:13-15

3:13 The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, ¹⁸  the God of our forefathers, ¹⁹  has glorified ²⁰  his servant ²¹  Jesus, whom you handed over and rejected ²²  in the presence of Pilate after he had decided ²³  to release him. 3:14 But you rejected ²⁴  the Holy and Righteous One and asked that a man who was a murderer be released to you. 3:15 You killed ²⁵  the Originator ²⁶  of life, whom God raised ²⁷  from the dead. To this fact we are witnesses! ²⁸ 

Acts 7:35

7:35 This same ²⁹  Moses they had rejected, saying, ‘Who made you a ruler and judge?’ ³⁰  God sent as both ruler and deliverer ³¹  through the hand of the angel ³²  who appeared to him in the bush.

Acts 7:51-52

7:51 “You stubborn ³³  people, with uncircumcised ³⁴  hearts and ears! ³⁵  You are always resisting the Holy Spirit, like your ancestors ³⁶  did! 7:52 Which of the prophets did your ancestors ³⁷  not persecute? ³⁸  They ³⁹  killed those who foretold long ago the coming of the Righteous One, ⁴⁰  whose betrayers and murderers you have now become! ⁴¹ 

[12:10]  ¹ tn Or “capstone,” “keystone.” Although these meanings are lexically possible, the imagery in Eph 2:20-22 and 1 Cor 3:11 indicates that the term κεφαλὴ γωνίας (kefalh gwnia") refers to a cornerstone, not a capstone.

[12:1]  ² tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

[12:1]  ³ sn The vineyard is a figure for Israel in the OT (Isa 5:1-7). The nation and its leaders are the tenants, so the vineyard here may well refer to the promise that resides within the nation. The imagery is like that in Rom 11:11-24.

[12:1]  ⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

[12:1]  ⁵ sn The leasing of land to tenant farmers was common in this period.

[10:19]  ³ sn A quotation from Exod 20:12-16; Deut 5:16-20, except for do not defraud, which is an allusion to Deut 24:14.

[118:22]  ⁴ tn Or “rejected.”

[118:22]  ⁵ tn Heb “the head of the corner.”

[53:3]  ⁵ tn Heb “lacking of men.” If the genitive is taken as specifying (“lacking with respect to men”), then the idea is that he lacked company because he was rejected by people. Another option is to take the genitive as indicating genus or larger class (i.e., “one lacking among men”). In this case one could translate, “he was a transient” (cf. the use of חָדֵל [khadel] in Ps 39:5 HT [39:4 ET]).

[53:3]  ⁶ tn Heb “like a hiding of the face from him,” i.e., “like one before whom the face is hidden” (see BDB 712 s.v. מַסְתֵּר).

[53:3]  ⁷ sn The servant is likened to a seriously ill person who is shunned by others because of his horrible disease.

[21:42]  ⁶ tn Or “capstone,” “keystone.” Although these meanings are lexically possible, the imagery in Eph 2:20-22 and 1 Cor 3:11 indicates that the term κεφαλὴ γωνίας (kefalh gwnia") refers to a cornerstone, not a capstone.

[21:42]  ⁷ sn A quotation from Ps 118:22-23.

[17:25]  ⁷ sn The Son of Man’s suffering and rejection by this generation is another “it is necessary” type of event in God’s plan (Luke 4:43; 24:7, 26, 44) and the fifth passion prediction in Luke’s account (9:22, 44; 12:50; 13:32-33; for the last, see 18:32-33).

[12:48]  ⁸ tn Or “does not receive.”

[12:48]  ⁹ tn Grk “has one who judges him.”

[12:48]  ¹⁰ tn Or “message.”

[3:13]  ⁹ tc ‡ The repetition of ὁ θεός (Jo qeos, “God”) before the names of Isaac and Jacob is found in Ì⁷⁴ א C (A D without article) 36 104 1175 pc lat. The omission of the second and third ὁ θεός is supported by B E Ψ 33 1739 Ï pc. The other time that Exod 3:6 is quoted in Acts (7:32) the best witnesses also lack the repeated ὁ θεός, but the three other times this OT passage is quoted in the NT the full form, with the thrice-mentioned θεός, is used (Matt 22:32; Mark 12:26; Luke 20:37). Scribes would be prone to conform the wording here to the LXX; the longer reading is thus most likely not authentic. NA²⁷ has the words in brackets, indicating doubts as to their authenticity.

[3:13]  ¹⁰ tn Or “ancestors”; Grk “fathers.”

[3:13]  ¹¹ sn Has glorified. Jesus is alive, raised and active, as the healing illustrates so dramatically how God honors him.

[3:13]  ¹² sn His servant. The term servant has messianic connotations given the context of the promise, the note of suffering, and the titles and functions noted in vv. 14-15.

[3:13]  ¹³ tn Or “denied,” “disowned.”

[3:13]  ¹⁴ tn This genitive absolute construction could be understood as temporal (“when he had decided”) or concessive (“although he had decided”).

[3:14]  ¹⁰ tn Or “denied,” “disowned.”

[3:15]  ¹¹ tn Or “You put to death.”

[3:15]  ¹² tn Or “Founder,” “founding Leader.”

[3:15]  ¹³ sn Whom God raised. God is the main actor here, as he testifies to Jesus and vindicates him.

[3:15]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “whom God raised from the dead, of which we are witnesses.” The two consecutive relative clauses make for awkward English style, so the second was begun as a new sentence with the words “to this fact” supplied in place of the Greek relative pronoun to make a complete sentence in English.

[7:35]  ¹² sn This same. The reference to “this one” occurs five times in this speech. It is the way the other speeches in Acts refer to Jesus (e.g., Acts 2:23).

[7:35]  ¹³ sn A quotation from Exod 2:14 (see Acts 7:27). God saw Moses very differently than the people of the nation did. The reference to a ruler and a judge suggests that Stephen set up a comparison between Moses and Jesus, but he never finished his speech to make the point. The reader of Acts, however, knowing the other sermons in the book, recognizes that the rejection of Jesus is the counterpoint.

[7:35]  ¹⁴ tn Or “liberator.” The meaning “liberator” for λυτρωτήν (lutrwthn) is given in L&N 37.129: “a person who liberates or releases others.”

[7:35]  ¹⁵ tn Or simply “through the angel.” Here the “hand” could be understood as a figure for the person or the power of the angel himself. The remark about the angel appearing fits the first century Jewish view that God appears to no one (John 1:14-18; Gal 3:19; Deut 33:2 LXX).

[7:51]  ¹³ sn Traditionally, “stiff-necked people.” Now the critique begins in earnest.

[7:51]  ¹⁴ tn The term ἀπερίτμητοι (aperitmhtoi, “uncircumcised”) is a NT hapax legomenon (occurs only once). See BDAG 101-2 s.v. ἀπερίτμητος and Isa 52:1.

[7:51]  ¹⁵ tn Or “You stubborn and obstinate people!” (The phrase “uncircumcised hearts and ears” is another figure for stubbornness.)

[7:51]  ¹⁶ tn Or “forefathers”; Grk “fathers.”

[7:52]  ¹⁴ tn Or “forefathers”; Grk “fathers.”

[7:52]  ¹⁵ sn Which…persecute. The rhetorical question suggests they persecuted them all.

[7:52]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “And they.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[7:52]  ¹⁷ sn The Righteous One is a reference to Jesus Christ.

[7:52]  ¹⁸ sn Whose betrayers and murderers you have now become. The harsh critique has OT precedent (1 Kgs 19:10-14; Neh 9:26; 2 Chr 36:16).