

[5:22] 1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[5:22] 2 tn That is, “an official in charge of the synagogue”; ἀρχισυνάγωγος (arcisunagwgo") refers to the “president of a synagogue” (so BDAG 139 s.v. and L&N 53.93; cf. Luke 8:41).
[5:22] 3 tc Codex Bezae (D) and some Itala
[5:22] 4 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[13:25] 5 sn An allusion to Isa 13:10, 34:4 (LXX); Joel 2:10. The heavens were seen as the abode of heavenly forces, so their shaking indicates distress in the spiritual realm. Although some take the powers as a reference to bodies in the heavens (like stars and planets, “the heavenly bodies,” NIV) this is not as likely.